Chapter 13 Education and Religion
Education in Global Perspective Education and Industrialization In the early years of the United States, there was no free public education As industrialization progressed and fewer people made their living from farming: Formal education came to be regarded as essential to the well-being of society
Educational Achievements in the United States
Education in Global Perspective Education in Japan Emphasis on Solidarity Within Group Discourages Competition among Individuals Education in Russia Education, including College, was Free Post-Soviet Russia is Reinventing Education
Education in Global Perspective Education in Egypt Most People Work so Find Little Need for Education Mandatory Attendance Laws that Exist are Not Enforced Most Cannot Afford Education
Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits Teaching Knowledge and Skills Cultural Transmission of Values Social Integration Gatekeeping Replacing Family Functions
Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating Social Inequality The Hidden Curriculum Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding The Bottom Line: Family Background Reproducing the Social Class Structure Reproducing the Racial Ethnic Structure
Who Goes to College? Comparing Social Class and Ability in Determining College Attendance
The Funneling Effects of Education: Race- Ethnicity
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Fulfilling Teacher Expectations The Rist Research Rist: each child s journey through school was determined by the eighth day of kindergarten! How Do Teacher Expectations Work? How teacher expectations affect grades
Problems in U.S. Education Rising Tide of Mediocrity Cheating on SATs Grade Inflation Social Promotion Functional Illiteracy Grade Inflation, Social Promotion, and Functional Illiteracy
Solutions in U.S. Education Higher Standards Raising them for Teachers Raising them for Students Warning About Higher Standards Cheating Violence A Secure Learning Environment
National Results of the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)
Three Elements of Religion Beliefs that Some Things are Sacred Practices Centering on Things Considered Sacred A Moral Community Resulting from a Group s Beliefs and Practices
The Functionalist Perspective Functions of Religion Questions about Ultimate Meaning Emotional Comfort Social Solidarity Guidelines for Everyday Life
The Functionalist Perspective Social Control Social Change Dysfunctions of Religion Religion as Justification for Persecution War and Terrorism
Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Focus on the meanings that people give their experiences Religious Symbols Rituals Beliefs Religious Experience
Conflict Perspective Marx s Opium of the People Legitimization of Social Inequalities Social Arrangements Represent God s Desires Divine Rights of Kings Pharaoh as God Hindu Cast System
Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism - Weber Max Weber disagreed with the conflict perspective Weber observed the early industrialization of Europe Source of Profound Social Change Religion Held the Key to Modernization The spirit of capitalism
Types of Religious Groups Cults Begin with Charismatic Leader All Religions Started this Way Most Cults Fail Sects Loosely Organized and Fairly Small Emphasize Personal Salvation
Types of Religious Groups Churches Highly Bureaucratized National and International Relationship with God Less Intense Ecclesia State Religions; part of Cultural Identification Variations in Patterns
Religious Groups: From Hostility to Acceptance
Religion in the U.S. Characteristics of Members Social Class Race-Ethnicity Characteristics of Religious Groups Diversity Pluralism and Freedom
Religion in the U.S. Competition and Recruitment Commitment Toleration Fundamentalist Revival The Electronic Church
The Future of Religion Religion Thrives Science Cannot Tell Us About The Existence of God The Purpose of Life An Afterlife Morality