Chapter 12 Section 1 President Andrew Jackson: Getting into Office
I. Election of 1824 Three candidates ran for office but there was no clear winner so the House of Representatives chose the President John Quincy Adams ** becomes President Andrew Jackson Henry Clay Many ppl upset especially Jackson and his followers Adams wanted to spend a lot of money to fix things
II. Election of 1828 Andrew Jackson wins the election Ppl related to Jackson and saw him as a selfmade man (worked his way from the bottom to this status) Supported a democratic govt where ppl hold political power Big celebration at inauguration showed that a change was coming
III. New Political Parties Grew from Jackson & John Quincy Adams (JQA) disagreements JQA followers became the Whigs Wanted federal govt to kick start the economy Supported by eastern business ppl, southern planters & former Federalists Jackson s followers became the Democrats - Supported by frontier farmers & workers in eastern cities
Chapter 12 Section 2 President Andrew Jackson: In the White House
I. Shaking things up Fired many government ppl and replaced with his supporters Known as Spoils System ->rewarded supporters with govt job Ignored the official cabinet and created own group to seek advice from Made up of Democratic leaders and newspaper writers known as the Kitchen Cabinet because they met in the White House kitchen
Didn t like the Bank of the US b/c limited what state banks could loan out which hurt farmers and favored businesses Closed the Bank of the US when charter ran out Economy started on a downturn
The Bank War Jackson believed that the Bank of the United States had too much power and served the needs of the rich over those of average Americans. For example, the Bank of the United States had the ability to limit the amount of money state banks were allowed to lend to small business owners such as farmers and merchants. Jackson felt particular anger towards the bank s president, Nicolas Biddle.
Henry Clay In the corner to my right, Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, coming Daniel Henry in and with Nicholas Webster a Clay combined total to THE BANK WAR! of 500 Biddle! pounds, are
Henry Clay Andrew Jackson HEY! Introduce me already or I ll fight you, too! And, Coming and No, the Old King that s man the Hickory at Andrew okay. who corner a lean, inspired Introducing to mean to my his his the left, 155 the pounds, the pride man the may detractors. of admirers known man the common who I introduce as Sharp man President Democratic Andrew donkey Jackson! to you Knife to the Creeks
Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, political enemies of Jackson, devised a plan to exploit Jackson s hatred of the Bank of the United States to help weaken him before the 1832 presidential election. Well, Hey, first Daniel, we need I ve to got get a plan the president that s Hello, gentlemen. I certain of the to Bank hurt of Jackson the United in 1832 States, and came as quickly as I Nicholas finally bring Biddle the in here. Whig He ll party help into us. could! He and Jackson power! hate each other! Okay, what have you got? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle
Clay and Webster convinced Nicholas Biddle to submit his application to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States earlier than required. Yes, thank you for coming. Mr. Biddle, I Yeah, the current would like you to submit an application charter isn t even to renew the charter for the Bank of set to expire soon! the United States. What would that prove? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle
Don t be so short sighted! What do you think Jackson will do when you apply to renew the charter? I m sure that s exactly what he ll do. I don t know. Veto it? Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle
Clay, Webster and Biddle predicted that Jackson would veto the charter application, angering so many Americans that he would eventually lose his bid for reelection in 1832. Precisely! The American people will be furious with him. He ll never win reelection in 1832! (By the way, did I Brilliant!! mention that I m going to run for president in 1832?) By golly, I think it ll work!! Henry Clay Daniel Webster Nicholas Biddle
Henry Clay Andrew Jackson Yes! He fell for it! BANK CHARTER VETO! Oh, really? Fat chance! Bring it on, Clay! Bank War Summary (4:24) Yes! The people will be Oh, Fools! Mr. President! You know furious Here s very and well the Jackson that application I will to never renew accept the charter this! never So, for win let the me reelection! Bank make of sure the not United to Ha disappoint ha ha States! ha.(evil you! laugh)
Downing: Why General, I never know'd You was a Doctor before. Clay: What do you say to the application of my Patent American System? Webster: I wonder how a few grains of Common Sense washed down with Boston Particular would do? Calhoun: Doctor your American System won't do here. Desperate cases require desperate remedies, a few of the leaden pills of Nullification and some blood taken will suffice. Image #3 Biddle: Darn that Doctor Jackson. This is the effect of his last prescription. Bank of U.S: Oh! dear Nick! I am dreadful sick! Jackson: No more I ain't Major Downing but I've read the American Family Physician and know what kind of a dose to give to clean out a foul stomach! Order for the Removal of the Deposites Veto
It turns out that Clay, Webster and Biddle underestimated Jackson s popularity. Jackson defeated Clay in the election of 1832. Jackson also succeeded in destroying the Bank of the United States by having it shut down in 1836. Jackson fights the Bank in 1832 (1833 print)
Chapter 12 Section 3 President Andrew Jackson: Crisis Management
I. Tariff of Abomination Congress passed high tariff Southerner s called it the Tariff of Abomination (Abomination = hated) Vice-Pres John C. Calhoun agreed with South Supported states rights Fought for a change but will resign from office and becomes senator from South Carolina Gets Nullification Act passed declaring the new tax illegal
Jackson mad created Forced Bill that would allow him to send army to enforce tax South Carolina will eventually agree to a compromised lower tax
II. Indian Removal Act Ppl wanted Indians to move out of the southeast Tribes take their case to the Supreme Court John Marshall oversees case (Worchester v Georgia) Rules in favor of the tribes that they have the right to stay put Jackson ignored the court ruling
Passed Indian Removal Act forcing all tribes West of the Mississippi to Oklahoma US army forces 15,000 Cherokees westward Many die along the way Becomes known as the Trail of Tears
http://jb-hdnp.org/sarver/maps/native_american_removal.jpg Image #7
Image #6
Image #4 http://www.clements.umich.edu/exhibits/online/american-encounters/americanencounters11.php