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Glossed books and commentary literature Åslaug Ommundsen The Norwegian National Archives, Riksarkivet i Oslo, hold fragments from a few glossed books. The oldest one is probably Lat. fragm. 50, of which only a small part of the glosses are preserved (see ill. 3 below). A few glosses have been identifi ed as those by Peter Lombard (d. 1160). Other texts connected to Paris have also been included in this leafl et: Peter Lombard s Sententiae has been identifi ed in one fragment (Lat. fragm. 33, ill. 8). On the fi nal pages are also included two examples of Peter Comestor s Historia scholastica (d. 1178), both presumably imported (ill. 12-14). Lat. fragm. 36 (1) Ill. 1-2 - Glossed book: Peter Lombard on the Pauline epistles (ad romanos) Lat. fragm. 50, 1-2 Ill. 3 - Glossed book: Gilbert de la Poirrée on the Psalms Glossed book: Peter Lombard on the Psalms Lat. fragm. 47, 1-2 Ill. 4 - Romsdalen 1623 Lat. fragm. 132 (1) Ill. 5-6 - Glossed book: Aggeus of the Old Testament Glossed book: Matthew Lat. fragm. 127 (1) Ill. 7 - Trondheim 1607-1608 Peter Lombard s Sententiae Lat. fragm. 33 (1) Ill. 8 - Tønsberg 1657 Peter Lombard on the psalms Lat. fragm. 60b Ill. 9-10 Auctores Helsingør 1629 Peter Lombard on the psalms Lat. fragm. 53, 1-6 Ill. 11 Auctores Stavanger 1614 Lat. fragm. 54, 1-4 Auctores Lat. fragm. 16, 1-2 Ill. 12 Auctores Peter Comestor s Historia Scholastica Peter Comestor s Historia Scholastica Lat. fragm. 7, 1-2 Ill. 13-14 Auctores Guldal 1610 1

Ill. 1-2: Lat. fragm. 36r (this page) and 36v (next page). Peter Lombard on the Pauline epistles (ad romanos) 2

3

Ill. 3: Lat. fragm. 50: Glossed psalter. Ps. 69 (Deus, in adiutorium meum) - Ps. 70 (In te, domine, speravi). Gilbert de la Poirrée (Gilbert of Poitiers) (1070-1154). I thank Michael Gullick for this identifi cation. The double pricking in the margin indicates that the book contained the main text in a larger format. 4

Ill. 4: Lat. fragm. 47: Peter Lombard on the psalms (Ps. 149 and Ps. 150) Ill. 5-6: Lat. fragm. 132 recto (left) and verso (right), Aggeus 1,13-2,4. 1:13 et dixit Aggeus nuntius Domini de nuntiis Domini populo dicens ego vobiscum dicit Dominus 1:14 et suscitavit Dominus spiritum Zorobabel filii Salathihel ducis Iuda et spiritum Iesu fi lii Iosedech sacerdotis magni et spiritum reliquorum de omni populo et ingressi sunt et faciebant opus in domo Domini exercituum Dei sui 2:1 in die vicesima et quarta mensis in sexto mense in anno secundo Darii regis 2:2 in septimo mense vicesima et prima mensis factum est verbum Domini in manu Aggei prophetae dicens 2:3 loquere ad Zorobabel fi lium Salathihel ducem Iuda et ad Iesum fi lium Iosedech sacerdotem magnum et ad reliquos populi dicens 2:4 quis in vobis est derelictus qui vidit domum istam in gloria sua prima et quid vos videtis hanc nunc numquid non ita est quasi non sit in oculis vestris 5

Ill. 7: Lat. fragm. 127: Glosses for Matthew 19, 23-. 6

Ill. 8: Lat. fragm. 33v: Peter Lombard, Sententiae, distinctio 24, cf. below Distinctio 24: De gratia hominis, et de potentia ante casum. 1. Nunc diligenter investigari oportet quam gratiam vel potentiam habuerit homo ante casum; et utrum per eam potuerit stare vel non. Sciendum est ergo quod homini in creatione, sicut de angelis diximus, datum est per gratiam auxilium, et collata est potentia per quam poterat stare, id est, non declinare ab eo quod acceperat; sed non poterat proficere in tantum, ut per gratiam creationis sine alia mereri salutem valeret. Poterat quidem per illud auxilium gratiae creationis resistere malo, sed non perficere bonum. Poterat tamen per illud bene vivere quodammodo, qui poterat vivere sine peccato; sed non poterat sine alio gratiae adjutorio spiritualiter vivere, quo vitam mereretur aeternam. Unde Aug., in Ench., c. 107: Si factus est homo rectus ut et manere in ea rectitudine posset, non sine divino adjutorio, et suo fieri perversus arbitrio; utrumlibet horum elegisset, Dei voluntas fieret vel ab illo, vel de illo. Et quia suam maluit facere voluntatem quam Dei, de illo facta est voluntas Dei. Item in eodem: Sic hominem prius oportebat fieri, ut et bene posset velle, et male; nec frustra si bene, nec impune si male. Idem quoque, tom. 7, in lib. de Correctione et Gratia, c. 10, c. 105, c. 11, in fine, ait: Si hoc adjutorium vel angelo vel homini cum primum facti sunt defuisset, quoniam non [Col.0702] talis natura facta erat, ut sine divino auxilio posset manere si vellet, non utique sua culpa cecidisset, defuisset quippe adjutorium, sine quo manere non posset. Idem, lib. et cap. eisdem: Dederat Deus homini bonam voluntatem, in illa quippe eum fecerat rectum; dederat adjutorium sine quo non posset in eo manere si vellet, et per quod posset. Ut tamen hoc vellet, in ejus dimisit arbitrio. In eodem: Acceperat posse si vellet, sed non habuit velle quo posset; nam si habuisset, perseverasset. His testimoniis evidenter monstratur quod homo rectitudinem et bonam voluntatem in creatione accepit, atque auxilium quo stare poterat; alioquin non sua culpa videretur cecidisse. (Lib. et cap. eisdem.) 7

8 Ill. 9: Lat. fragm. 60b recto. Peter Lombard (?) on the psalms (Ps. 16)

Ill. 10: Lat. fragm. 60b verso. Peter Lombard (?) on the psalms (Ps. 17) 9

Ill. 11: Lat. fragm. 53, 1-3r. Peter Lombard (?) on the psalms (Ps. 147). 10

11 Ill. 12: Lat. fragm. 16, 1r, Petrus Comestor: Historia Scholastica, Historia libri actuum apostolorum, Cap. 13-15.

Ill. 13: Lat. fragm. 7, 1-2. Petrus Comestor, Historia Scholastica: Historia libri genesis Cap. 14-16. 12

Ill. 14: Lat. fragm. 7, 1-2. Petrus Comestor, Historia Scholastica: Historia libri genesis Cap. 16-18. 13