Social 8 Final Exam - Study Guide Name I. The Renaissance Define the term Renaissance- What was the feudal system?- Why Italy? Influence of geography- Role of The Church Changing views of the Church and worldview (Middle Ages vs. Renaissance). View of Church Worldview Middle Ages Renaissance
Define humanism: What was a humanist worldview? Geocentric theory (Aristoleans) vs heliocentric theory (Copernicus) : Describe the Scientific Theory (observation and ). Influential Thinkers during the Renaissance: Galileo Galilei (Challenge of reason and proof)- Leonardi da Vinci (The quintessential Rennaissance Man )- Johannes Gutenberg (influence of the printing press)- Brunelleschi (development of perspective)-
Kepler (astronomy)- The Protestant Reformation What? Who? Martin Luther- Savonarola- Where? When? Why? -corruption in Catholic Church: -indulgences:
Impact on the Catholic Church? Social Structure: Middle Ages (Pre-Renaissance) Renaissance: *** emergence of the middle class- Define Imperialism: European Expansionism- Trade and the Silk Road: Who? What?
Where? When? Why? II. Japan Japan s Changing Worldview Edo Period (National Policy of Isolationism): Why? (Influence of geography, religion and government control)- Geography of Japan - Identify 4 main islands: HOKKAIDO, KYUSHU, SHIKOKU, & HONSHU -Cities: Nagasaki, Hiroshima, Sapporo and Tokyo. Meiji Period (changing worldview - Isolationism to Adaptation ) Reasons for change: (Influence of Perry, other nations, technology)
Social Structure: Edo Period: Position ie.,emperor Roles and Responsiblities - Figurehead (symbol of power) Meiji Period: ie., Emperor - powerful ruler and leader of Japanese government. - status of a god.
***Reasons for Meiji Restoration: Japan and the Unequal Treaties: Who? What? Where? When? Why? Japan s Ainu People VS. Canada s First Nations People Similarities: Differences:
III. The Aztecs Influence of geography on Aztec life: adapting - modifying - Aztec Religion: Role and influence of gods on Aztec life - Similarities Aztec Worldview vs. Spanish Worldview Differences
Social Structure: Position: Roles / Responsibilities: 1. Emperor 2. Nobility 3. 4. 5. *** Sacrifice individual for the group - Influence of Christopher Columbus (King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella)- Describe events re:spanish invaders and conquest of the Aztecs: Who? What? Where? When? Why?
Factors that led to downfall of the Aztecs: Motivation or reasons for exploration and expansion (imperialistic ambitions): Europeans (Renaissance) - Aztecs - Spanish - Define the following definitions in your own words: Definitions from Unit 1: Renaissance Europe Black Death Feudalism Hierarchy Freemen
Serfs Manorial system Monastery Journeymen Peasant Sumptuary laws Silk Road Crusades City-state Hinterland Usury Humanist
Philosophers Savonarola Martin Luther Excommunication Indulgences Ninety-five Theses Protestant Reformation Catholic Counter Reformation Printing Press Johannes Guttenberg Christopher Columbus Spice Trade Expansionism
Circumnavigation Imperialism Battle of Diu Treaty of Tordesillas Expansionism- Imperialism Charles 1 King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Elizabeth 1 Sir Francis Drake Definitions from Unit 2: Aztecs Tenochtitlan Aqueduct Chinampa
Huitzilopochtli Human Sacrifice New fire Moctezuma Cortes Tribute Omens Calpolli Calmecac Telpochcalli Glyphs Retributive justice Restorative justice
Reconquista Caliphate Spanish Inquistition El Cid Small Pox Flower Wars Malinche Governor Velazquez Franciscan Order Encomienda Mestizo Viceroy Creoles
Day of the Dead Frida Kahlo Octavio Paz Definitions from Unit 3: Japan Izanagi Izanami Kami Kamikaze Isolationism Ainu Shinto Matsuri Buddhism Shogun
Ronin Daimyo Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogunate Samurai Seppuku Confucianism Exclusionary laws Kabuki Commodore Perry No Second Thought Expulsion Order Meiji
Five Charter Oath Burakumin Industrialization Westernization Topknot Itagaki Taisuke