BellwetherUniversity.com/slides.html Study Guide Genesis 14-23
2017 Schedule 6/26 - The Exile and Return Summer Assignment 9/11 - First day of Fall Semester 10/9 - Elective Papers Due
Old Testament Survey Overview of Key Events
I & 2 Kings In the Hebrew Bible Book of Kings (one book) In the Septuagint: 1 & 2 Samuel=1 & 2 Kings 1 & 2 Kings= 3 & 4 Kings Begins with the death of David, ends with the freedom of Jehoiakim from a Babylonian prison Likely written during Judah s captivity in Babylon Chronicles, written later, covers many of the same events
Outline of I Kings God establishes Solomon s reign over Israel (1 Kgs 1 5) God establishes His temple in Jerusalem (1 Kgs 6 9) Solomon turns from God; Israel divides (1 Kgs 10:1 12:24) Jeroboam leads the Northern Kingdom away from God (1 Kgs 12:25 14:20) Northern kings struggle for control (1 Kgs 14:21 16:34) God judges King Ahab with Elijah the prophet (1 Kgs 16:35 22:53)
Outline of 2 Kings God judges Ahab s family with Elisha, Jehu, and Hazael (2 Kgs 1 10) More kings of the North and South rule Israel and Judah (2 Kgs 11 16) Israel falls to Assyria (2 Kgs 17) Judah reforms under Hezekiah (2 Kgs 18 20) Manasseh provokes God, dooms Judah (2 Kgs 21) Judah reforms under Josiah (2 Kgs 22:1 23:30) Judah falls to Babylon (2 Kgs 23:31 25:30)
Old Testament Overview
Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel at Ramah, and said to him, Look, you are old, and your sons do not walk in your ways. Now make us a king to judge us like all the nations. 1 Samuel 8:4-5 NKJV
Saul Ruled Israel 40 years (1050-1010 BC) Name means Asked Tall, good-looking Benjamite United the 12 Tribes for the first time since Joshua Became arrogant and self-centered Went into fits of rage Took his own life after being wounded in battle
David Ruled Israel 40 years (1010-970 BC) Name means Beloved Shepherd from Bethlehem, Tribe of Judah Anointed as a young man, crowned at age 30 Built Israel into a military power Conquered Jerusalem and established the capitol Almost overthrown by his own son, Absalom
Solomon Ruled Israel 40 years (970-930 BC) Name means His Peace Known for his wisdom and leadership Organized the Kingdom for administrative and tax purposes Built the Temple (490 years after the Exodus) Expanded Israel s influence through shipping and commerce Fell into decline after straining the economy from lavish spending on building projects and idolatry from his foreign wives
Solomon s Temple Cross-section
Solomon s Temple Cross-section
Kings of Judah The Southern Kingdom
Rehoboam Ruled Judah 17 years (930-913 BC) Name means Enlarger of the People Son of King Solomon Unable to keep Israel united, reigns only over Judah Wasted Judah s wealth in wars with Israel Pharaoh Shishek I invaded Judah Fortified every part of Judah except the Northern border Became ensnared by the idolatry of his foreign wives
Then King Rehoboam consulted the elders who stood before his father Solomon while he still lived, and he said, How do you advise me to answer these people? And they spoke to him, saying, If you will be a servant to these people today, and serve them, and answer them, and speak good words to them, then they will be your servants forever. 1 Kings 12:6-7 NKJV
The young men replied, This is what you should tell those complainers who want a lighter burden: My little finger is thicker than my father s waist! 11 Yes, my father laid heavy burdens on you, but I m going to make them even heavier! My father beat you with whips, but I will beat you with scorpions! 1 Kings 12:10-11 NLT
Abijah Ruled Judah 3 years (913-910 BC) Name means Father of the Sea Took a stand against Israel, God defeated Jeroboam and his army Tried to conquer Israel, but advanced only a few miles to Bethel Did nothing to stop idolatry
But as for us, the Lord is our God, and we have not abandoned him. We are following the instructions of the Lord our God, but you have abandoned him. So you see, God is with us. O people of Israel, do not fight against the Lord, the God of your ancestors, for you will not succeed!' 1 Chronicles 13:5-12 NLT
Asa Ruled Judah 41 years (910-869 BC) Name means Physician Allied with Ben-Hadad (Syria) when Israel tried to invade Judah Fortified the Northern Border Religious reformer, stood against idolatry In the end, did not stay humble before God
Jehoshaphat Ruled Judah 25 years (872-848 BC) Name means God is Judge Toured the Kingdom to institute religious and judicial reform Strengthened fortifications and the army Renewed relations with Israel through marrying his son to their royal family Defeated the Ammon, Moab, and Mt. Seir by sending the singers into battle (2 Chronicles 20) His alliance with Ahab brought God s judgment
Jehoram Ruled Judah 7 years (848-841 BC) Name means God is Exalted Oldest of 7 sons, murdered his brothers to protect his throne Fell into idolatry after marrying the daughter of Ahab and Jezebel All of his family, except his youngest son Ahaziah, was wiped out by the Philistine invasion of Jerusalem The prophet Elijah warned Jehoram of his evil actions
Ahaziah Ruled Judah 1 year (841 BC) Name means God Possesses Tried to help Israel in their war with Damascus Listened to the evil counsel of his mother Athaliah Was caught in Jehu s coup to overthrow Jezebel
Athaliah Ruled Judah 7 years (841-835 BC) Name means God has Constrained Daughter of Jezebel, widow of Jehoram Seized power after the death of her son, murdered her own grandchildren to secure her reign Instituted the worship of Baal
Joash Ruled Judah 40 years (835-796 BC) Name means God-fired Became King at the age of 7 He restored the temple He allowed idolatry after the death of Jehoida Came under God s judgment for killing Zechariah the Priest, the son of Jehoida Lost the temple treasures to King Hazel of Syria Killed by his own officers
Amaziah Ruled Judah 29 years (796-767 BC) Name means God is Courageous At age 25, took as census to conscript an army Recovered trade routes to the Red Sea after winning a war with the Edomites Unwisely challenged Israel, defeated by Joash (King of Israel) Turned from following God, killed by his own people
Uzziah (aka Azariah) Ruled Judah 29 years (796-767 BC) Name means God is Strong Became King at age 16 Made Judah most prosperous since the time of Solomon Restored relations with Israel and reconquered lost territory Regained Edom and portions of Philistia, restoring trade routes Refortified Jerusalem Contracted leprosy and lived in seclusion his later years, with Jotham (his son) serving in his stead
In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord, high and exalted, seated on a throne; and the train of his robe filled the temple. Isaiah 6:1
Jotham Ruled Judah 16 years (750-735 BC) Name means God is Perfect Maintained Judah s prosperity and military advantage He did what was right in the sight of God The people of Judah continued in corruption
Ahaz Ruled Judah 16 years (735-715 BC) Name means He Holds Became King at age 20 Heavily involved in paganism, even sacrificing his own child Paid heavy tribute to Tiglath-Pileser (King of Assyria) to defeat invading Israel He was denied burial in the royal tombs
Hezekiah Ruled Judah 29 years (715-686 BC) Name means God is Strength Became King at age 25, when Assyria was controlling much of Judah s affairs Restored Israelite worship in the Temple Built up supplies and weapons to break from Assyrian control Led Jerusalem through a prolonged siege
Hezekiah s Tunnels Jerusalem
Manasseh Ruled Judah 55 years (697-642 BC) Name means Causing Forgetfulness Became King at age 12 Restored idolatry and continued paying tribute to Assyria Generally one of the worst kings of Judah Repented late in life, and restored worship of God
But while in deep distress, Manasseh sought the Lord his God and sincerely humbled himself before the God of his ancestors. 13 And when he prayed, the Lord listened to him and was moved by his request. So the Lord brought Manasseh back to Jerusalem and to his kingdom. Then Manasseh finally realized that the Lord alone is God! 2 Chronicles 33:12-13
Amon Ruled Judah for 2 years (642-640 BC) Name means Skilled Continued in idolatry Assassinated by his own officers
Josiah Ruled Judah for 31 years (640-609 BC) Name means Founded of God Became King at age 8 Instituted reform after discovering the Book of the Law in the Temple Advised by the Prophetess Huldah Restored the celebration of Passover Was killed in battle trying to prevent the Egyptians from passing through Judah on the way to attack Assyria (Josiah sided with Assyria instead of Egypt)
Jehoahaz Ruled Judah for 3 months (609 BC) Name means God Seized Made King by popular demand (His brother Eliakim was the first-born) Disregarded the reforms of his father Pharaoh Necho II sent him in chains to Egypt, where he died
Jehoiakim Ruled Judah for 11 years (609-598 BC) Name means God will Raise Birth name was Eliakim, son of Josiah Appointed as puppet ruler by Pharaoh Jeremiah condemned him for building a palace when the people of Judah were heavily taxed to pay tribute to Egypt In 605 BC, Babylon won Judah from Egypt After 3 years of Babylonian control, Jehoiakim rebelled against Babylon and was killed
Jehoiachin Ruled Judah for 3 months (598-597 BC) Name means God will Establish Became King just as Nebuchadnezzar arrived in Jerusalem Taken captive by the Babylonians after a 3- month siege Remained a prisoner in Babylon for 37 years
Zedekiah Ruled Judah for 11 years (597-586 BC) Name means God is Righteous Appointed by King Nebuchadnezzar Never accepted by the people as their legitimate ruler (the people were waiting for Jehoiachin to return) Rebuilt Jerusalem and defended against the Edomites Conspired against Nebuchadnezzar, who laid siege to Jerusalem and destroyed it Judah was taken into captivity
The Fall of Jerusalem 586 B.C.
Kings of Israel The Northern Kingdom
Jeroboam Ruled Israel for 22 years (930-909 BC) Name means The People will Contend Son of Nebat (Ephraim) who served Solomon Ahijah prophesied that Jeroboam would rule over the 10 Tribes as judgment against Solomon s idolatry Tried, unsuccessfully, to overthrow Solomon Came to power over the 10 Northern Tribes after the death of Solomon Condemned for setting up golden calves at Bethel and Dan Fought Judah over border disputes
Nadab Ruled Israel for 2 years (909-908 BC) Name means Liberal Continued border wars with Judah Continued the idolatry of his father Killed by Baasha, who seized the throne
Baasha Ruled Israel for 24 years (908-886 BC) Name means Offensiveness Unsuccessfully invaded Judah, and in turn was invaded by Syra Lost much of Galilee Continued idolatry
Elah Ruled Israel for 2 years (886-885 BC) Name means Oak Murdered by one of his officers, while he was drinking himself drunk
Zimri Ruled Israel for 7 days (885 BC) Name means Musical The army, angered by his treason, proclaimed Omri King of Israel Zimri set fire to the palace, which collapsed upon him
Omri Ruled Israel for 11 years (885-874 BC) Name means Heaping Had been the commander of Elah s army Made peace with Judah Reconquered lost territories Formed an alliance with the Phoenicians through the marriage of his son, Ahab, to the daughter of the King of Tyre Established Samaria as the new capital of Israel
Ahab Ruled Israel for 21 years (874-853 BC) Name means Father s Brother Continued the moral decline of his father Completed construction of Samaria Rebuilt Jericho Idolatry flourished under his wife, Jezebel Their idolatry was condemned by the prophet Elijah Ahab was killed in battle against Ben-Hadad of Syria
Ahaziah Ruled Israel for 1 year (853-852 BC) Name means God Possesses Son of Ahab and Jezebel Tried to murder the prophet Elijah Formed an alliance with Jehoshaphat to build a navy, which failed Died from injuries sustained from a fall
Joram Ruled Israel for 11 years (852-841 BC) Name means God is Exalted Also a son of Ahab and Jezebel Attacked by Aramaens Gave command to his general, Jehu Elisha ordered Joram to be overthrown
Jehu Ruled Israel for 28 years (841-814 BC) Name means God is He Founder of the longest-lived dynasty in Israel Son of Jehoshaphat Destroyed the House of Ahab and Jezebel Failed to eliminate worship of Baal
Jehoahaz Ruled Israel for 17 years (814-798 BC) Name means God Seized Poor leader spiritually and politically Israel continued to lose territory and wealth Oppressed by the Syrians In his later years, prayed to God for help
Jehoash Ruled Israel for 16 years (798-782 BC) Name means God-Fired His father s prayer was answered as Israel s war with Syria turned in Israel s favor Recovered the territory lost by his father Amaziah (Judah) attacked Jehoash, who, in turn, attacked Jerusalem, taking spoils and captives
Jeroboam II Ruled Israel for 41 years (793-753 BC) Name means "The People will Contend Made peace with Judah Recovered lost territory (during the time of Jonah) Israel prospered financially under his rule Continued spiritual decline
Zechariah Ruled Israel for 6 months (753 BC) Name means God is Remembered Assassinated by Shallum
Shallum Ruled Israel for 1 month (752 BC) Name means Retribution Ended the Dynasty of Jehu (2 Kings 10:30) Murdered by Manahem
Menahem Ruled Israel for 10 years (752-742 BC) Name means Comforter Military governor of Tirzah (old capital of Israel) Suppressed rebellion with great cruelty Instituted heavy taxes to pay tribute to the Assyrian King Tiglath-pileser Last King to be succeeded by his son
Pekahiah Ruled Israel for 2 years (742-740 BC) Name means God Watches Continued collecting tribute for the Assyrians Murdered by one of his own army officers
Pekah Ruled Israel for 20 years (752-732 BC) Name means Watchfulness Allied with Syria Tried to persuade Uzziah (Judah) to join the alliance, but Isaiah warned Uzziah against it When Uzziah refused to join the alliance, Pekah attacked Jerusalem Uzziah called on Assyria for aid, which in turn conquered Israel and deported much of it s population Pekah was murdered by Hoshea
Hoshea Ruled Israel for 9 years (732-722 BC) Name means Deliverer Puppet ruler who collected tribute for the Assyrians until Piglath-pileser died Tried to rebel against Assyria The Assyrians responded by capturing Samaria, ending the Kingdom of Israel
Fall of Samaria 722 B.C.