UNIT 0 THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE THE GERMANIC PEOPLES THE BYZANTINE AND CAROLINGIAN EMPIRES

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UNIT 0 THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE THE GERMANIC PEOPLES THE BYZANTINE AND CAROLINGIAN EMPIRES

THE ROMAN EMPIRE Chronology: 27 BCE 476 AD Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire): until 1453. Political organisation: Emperor (1st emperor Caesar Augustus) Senate: ratified the decisions of the emperor. Social organisation: - Citizens (all rights and privileges): Patricians. - Non citizens: plebeians (free. No political right) Women Slaves

THE ROMAN EMPIRE Economy: Agriculture Specialised depending on the region. Commerce Importance of roads and Mare Nostrum. Single currency. Religion: polytheism.

THE ROMAN EMPIRE Principles: - Centralised powers Emperor. -PAX ROMANA (27 BCE 3rd century AD) Importance for commerce. - Urban life Rome. Public works (infrastructures). -Polytheism.

THE CRISIS OF THE LOWER ROMAN EMPIRE (284-476) - Political crisis: weaker emperors. - Social and military revolts Sack of cities Insecurity Migration to the countryside. - Commerce collapses. - Villas (Country house, large-scale agricultural production) Almost feudal. FROM COMMERCE TO AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK FARMING - Germanic peoples Cross the borders. - Late 3rd century Huns They pushed the Germanic peoples (Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, Saxons, etc.) into the Roman Empire. More instability. - Religion: 313 Edict of Milan (Constantine the Great) Freedom of worship. -380 Theodosius the Great proclaims Christianity official religion.

THE CRISIS OF THE LOWER ROMAN EMPIRE (284-476) 395 Theodosius the Great died Division of the empire. Western (Capital: Rome) Until 476. Eastern (Capital: Constantinople) Until 1453. BYZANTINE EMPIRE

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE 395 Division Roman Empire Eastern Roman Empire Byzntine Until 1453. Justinian the Great (527-565) - Splendour and territorial expansion. - Wanted to emulate the glory of the Roman Empire. - After his death, progressive decadence. 1453 The Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople

THE GERMANIC PEOPLES 476 The Ostrogoths conquer Rome. Western Roman Empire Divided into the different Germanic peoples. HIGH ROMAN EMPIRE GERMANIC PEOPLES Centralised power Emperor Division. Conflicts. PAX ROMANA (Commerce) Insecurity No commerce. Agriculture Cities Rural life Polytheism Christianity

THE FRANKS AND THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE Franks Germanic peoples. North of Gaul. 507 Expelled the Visigoths (Kingdom of Toulouse). 736 Battle of Poitiers Vs Islamic Empire (Umayyad Caliphate). Stop expansion of Islamic Empire in Europe

THE FRANKS AND THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE 751 Pippin the Short becomes king New dynasty. Supported by the Pope. 768 CHARLEMAGNE. - Great territorial expansion Re-establish the unity and glory of the Roman Empire. - 800 Proclaimed HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE - Emperor: protector of the Church and christianity.

THE FRANKS AND THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE Two days later it was Christmas. St. Peter s Basilica was full of people wearing colourful clothing and shiny ornaments. Charlemagne, king of the Franks, entered, wearing sandals and dressed in the Roman style with a long tunic and a cloak. He proceeded to the altar, where he knelt down and prayed for a long time in silence. Leo III, the pope, walked towards him and placed a golden crown on his head. All the people cheered and shouted three times: To the Emperor Charles Augustus, crowned by God, noble and peaceful emperor of the Roman, life and victory!. The noise was very loud. The pope knelt before the emperor and kissed his cloak. Charlemagne became the emperor of the West. He was the first since the fall of the Roman Empire in 476. F. Lebrun. The days of Charlemagne

THE FRANKS AND THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE 814 Death of Charlemagne Louis the Pious. 843 Death of Louis the Pious Fight among his sons Treaty of Verdun Division of the empire in three: Lothair: central area. Charles the Bald: France. Louis the Germanic: East.

THE FRANKS AND THE CAROLINGIAN EMPIRE POLITICAL ORGANISATION: Territory Divided into counties Counts. Marches (areas by borders) Marquises. ECONOMY: Based on agriculture. Large estates belonged to aristocracy and church. Scarce commerce and craftwork. SOCIAL ORGANISATION: Pyramidal hierarchy (Emperor Nobility and high clergy Free people Serfs). Start manorial system Emperor gives land to nobles. Nobles are loyal to the emperor.

SWEAR FIDELITY TO ADVICE AND DEFEND GIVES A FIEF (LAND) TO CHARLEMAGNE NOBILITY

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