Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) Research article A Comparative Aalogy betwee Viewpoits ad Opiios of Imam Ali (PBUH) ad New Sciece i Criteria ad Idexes to Select ad Appoit aagers by meas of Hierarchical odel, Paired Comparisos atrix ad TOPSIS ethod Alireza Habibi ohammad ali Emami 3 Atieh Aram 4 Homeyra Ebrahimpour 5 Abstract The Islamic culture is rich of the best advaced maagemet methods ad styles. Durig a short time, the power ad ifluece of this superior maagemet made a moder ad progressive society of a poor ad uable society which was sufferig from tribal ad ethical battles for worthless glories ad affairs i the era of Holy Prophet ad Imams (PBUT) 6, i such a maer that the ew powerful society overcame the greatest empires i a short period of time ad fouded a magificet civilizatio ad govermet. It may be claimed that the best methods ad orders to guide ad gover humas are collected i the statemets ad maers of Holy Prophet ad Imams (PBUT), ad aybody ejoys a part of this precious amplitude. For this reaso, may scietists i their valuable books such as Siasat-Nameh of KhajehNezamolmolk, Nasihatolmoluk of Ghazali, Ghabusameh of Amir Osorolma'ali, Char-aghaleh of Nezami, Shahameh of Ferdowsi ad Golesta ad Busta of Sa'adihave bee affected by these directios ad borrowed them i their methods to guide humas ad to gover coutries. This research paper is a applied essay for its goal ad is a descriptive study, aalytical ad measurig style, for its method to collect data. To "defie ad compare criteria to select ad appoit betwee opiio of Peace be upo him PhD i Commercial aagemet, Faculty ember, Departmet of aagemet, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Qaemshahr Brach, Qaemshahr, Ira 3 A i History of Islamic Civilizatio, Islamic Azad Uiversity Qaemshahr Brach, Qaemshahr, Ira 4 BA i Agricultural Ecoomy 5 BA i Islamic Culture ad Religio 6 Peace be upo them
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) Imam Ali ad sciece of maagemet", required iformatio was collected through library study (takig otes of books about Koraic sciece, religio, maagemet, databases ad iteret) ad field study (by meas of two professioal questioaires, oe for skilled people i maagemet ad the other for skilled people i religio ad Koraic sciece). SPSS software was used, at first, to aalyze data, idexes ad criteria i viewpoit of Imam Ali ad also i moder maagemet sciece to select ad appoit i order to defie the mea opiio of experts about ay criterio, ad the by meas of hierarchical model ad by desigig paired comparisos matrix (i four stages of chagig metal opiio of experts to quatitative amouts, uaimity of experts, formig paired comparisos matrix ad calculatig coefficiets of paired comparisos matrix) verbal paired tables were chaged to fuzzy paired tables, ad at last, assessmet ad rakig of criteria were doe by AHP-fuzzy techique.the results of criterio rakig by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique showed that the criteria of persoal ad professioal capabilities, valued attributes ad moral qualificatios are i first to third positios. The result of rakig parameters by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique cofirms that the parameters of decet dyasty, eloquece, good experiece, liberality, accuracy, cheerfuless, discer ad aalysis ability, disciplie, kowledge, moderatio i ager ad kidess, ot flatterig, power ad ability, resistace agaist problems, prudecy, kidess ad compassio, justice, savig public properties, loyalty, fightig with cruel ad supportig oppressed, cocealmet of others' faults ad avoidig to fid their faults, resposibility agaist the society, sloga blame, ager restrai, patiece, learig from the past, virtue ad piety, moderatio i moralities, truthfuless, truth seekig, traquility ad digity ad retur to the truth after awareess are i ext positios after above-metioed first three positios. Rakig criteria ad parameters to select ad appoit i viewpoit of moder maagemet by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique showed that the parameters of persoal ad professioal capabilities, valued attributes ad moral qualificatios are i first to third positios, ad rakig parameters by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique cofirms that the parameters of relatioships, experiece ad workig backgroud, educatio ad professioal courses, skills, physical abilities ad health, persoality, metal-itelligece capabilities, leadership, proud of helpig people, decisiveess, establishig huma relatios as a tool for efficiecy, kowledge, resistace agaist problems, prudecy, kidess, justice ad fairess, savig public properties, savig public properties, loyalty, fightig with cruel ad supportig oppressed, cocealmet of others' faults ad avoidig to fid their faults, resposibility agaist the society, effort, cosultatio, self-cofidece, philathropy, removig social problems, edurace of oppoets ad acceptace of mistakes, metal capabilities decisio makig, truthfuless, metal capabilities creativity, resposibility, secrecy, costacy, patiece, self-cotrol, justice ad reliace are i ext positios. Copyright IJEBF, all rights reserved. Keywords: Selectio ad Appoitmet, aagemet, Viewpoits of Imam Ali (PBUH), New Sciece, Orgaizatio Itroductio Doubtlessly, the curret world is the world of orgaizatios ad humas are the fouders of these orgaizatios. Humas elive the body of orgaizatios, move them forward ad gover them. Without skillful huma powers, orgaizatios ot oly have o meaig, but also will ot be maaged. Eve after techicalizatio of orgaizatios ad makig them a great block of hardware, the role of huma is completely obvious i existece of orgaizatios as a vital factor. Therefore, huma resources especially skillful are the most valuable resource for the orgaizatios i cetury because they form orgaizatioal decisios, resolve problems ad elevate the orgaizatios. Today, orgaizatios have faced competitioal threats as the result of globalizatio. Huma resource maagemet has a sigificat rule to make orgaizatios coordiated i the era of globalizatio. The systematic approach i orgaizatios ad depedecy of resources force various sectios of orgaizatios cofrotig exteral challeges to act more powerful ad effective. Naturally, the activity of powers ad huma resources ad skilled is importat ad play a very sigificat rule for orgaizatios.
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) The developmet of activities ad duties of ad also appropriate selectio ad appoitmet of i the area of huma resource maagemet, ad cotiuous iteractio betwee these activities ad also ecessity to have a coordiated plaig for selectio, appoitmet, professioal, moral ad valued featureprocesses, ad also effective maagig, improvig, maitaiig ad applyig skills as the most importat strategic resource for ay orgaizatio have made ecessary to create iformatio systems for huma resources ad to update the iformatio of these systems i ay great orgaizatio. For this purpose, some idexes such as persoal capability of ad their professioal abilities such as persoal features ad their authority may help the orgaizatio reach the goals ad brig greater progress, meawhile, we seek assistace from Islamic maagemet amog lectures, letters ad advises of Imam Ali i Nahjol-Balagha ad ejoy his great viewpoits about selectio ad appoitmet of the best. These efforts may be religious studies for followers of Imam Ali ad may be effective for their mudae ad heavely affairs. Study Literature (performed studies) As, selectio ad appoitmet of the best is the foudatio ad wealth of orgaizatios, researchers decided to compare the opiio of Imam Ali i Nahjol-Balagha about selectio ad appoitmet of with ew maagemet sciece, ad assess their criteria ad parameters. The result of study is assessed i details ad followigs are cocluded:. ahmoodkhosravi (999) i his study etitled: professioal features ad criteria to select ad appoit huma resources i Islamic maagemet accordig to Nahjol-Balagha, cocluded that it is recommeded i Islamic traditios to pay special attetio to scietific competecy of people ad their capabilities, ad ever those who are weak i scietific level ad have ot eough kowledge may be appoited because it will be the greatest treachery about Islamic atios. Imam Ali says i Nahjol- Balagha, sectio 7: The worthiest people for rulership ad icumbecy are those who are the most capable people to perform measures ad those who kow more about the orders of God to uderstad issues.. ahmoodghoochai(995) i his study etitled: Govermet order about maagemet, describes the pact of Imam Ali to alik-ashtar ad argues about resistace agaist problems. He cocluded that the maager ad resposible of key positios should be strog ad resistat agaist workig pressures ad problems ad also ups ad dows ad should have a strog power. I this regard, Imam Ali says to alik-ashtar i his letter 53: Select those members amog your troops for key positios who are strog agaist problems ad their bitter cosequeces, ad big tragedies may ot cause them to succumb. They should be those who will ot affect by weakess ad disability of others ad will ot be amphoteric due to weakess of others. 3. asoudahmadkhai (000) i his study etitled: odelig behavior of accordig to the letters of Imam Ali i Nahjol-Balagha, writes that oe of the obvious qualificatios of is that they are ot uaware of persoal ad metal problems of their workers. Imam Ali says to alik-ashtar i his letter 53: The requiremets of should be provided adequately. This may let them improve themselves ad be affluet to possess properties which are give protectio to them. They will be disputed ot to oppose with your orders or commit treaso. I aother part of his letter, Imam Ali says: Keep i your heart the kidess toward people ad ever be bloodthirsty toward them. This study cocludes that persoal behavior ad character of based o kidess ad mercy should be put ito operatio for the orgaizatio ad persoal ad metal problems of workers should be paid attetio specially. The kidess toward workers may be i the heart of (authorities). 4. DelshadTehrai (998) i his study etitled: The Govermet of Su, political behavior ad goverig maer of Imam Ali, discusses about family competecy of workers ad ad other family 3
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) purity based o which Imam Ali isists o selectio ad appoitmet of ad propouds it as a scale beside other criteria. Imam advises alik-ashtar: Select your commaders amog those who are good-atured ad have a pious family ad good backgroud. 5. NaserakaremShirazi (997) i his study etitled: aagemet ad Commad i Islam, describes selectio criteria as followig: a) Total coordiatio betwee qualificatio of job ad characteristics of cadidates beig selected b) skills. 6. Aria Gholipour, Aliasghar Pour-Ezzat ad AbbassNikejad (008) i their study etitled: The effects of cosequeces of aso effect o selectio ad appoitmet of govermetal, idicate that selectio ad appoitmet ad employmet of workers ad is oe of the importat activities i all orgaizatios ad employers try to employ the best cadidates i all orgaizatioal levels. 7. Hejazi (00) i his study etitled: Criteria to select i viewpoit of Imam Ali, cocludes that Imam Ali who is traied uder Islamic school ad was satisfied by ispiratio of God ad Holy Kora, isists o two qualificatios of proficiecy ad commitmet as two reasos for declie or cotiuace of govermets. He says that Imam Ali believed i four cases i declie or cotiuace of govermets: igorig basic priciples ad rules, payig attetio to lateral ad mior affairs, preferrig igoble oes ad keepig away worthy oes. Table : Fidig of studies No Name of researcher Year of study Title of study Khosravi, ahmood 999 Professioal criteria to select ad appoit huma powers i Islamic maagemet accordig to Nahjol- Balagha Ghochai, ahmood 995 Govermetal order about maagemet, descriptio of the letter of Imam Ali to alik-ashtar 3 Ahmadkhai, asoud 998 odelig the behavior of accordig to the letters of Imam Ali i Nahjol-Balagha 4 DelshadTehrai 998 The govermet of su, political opiio ad govermetal maer of Imam Ali Fidigs Professioal qualificatios ad criteria are persisted i Islamic traditios. Scietific capability of people should be paid attetio to select them. The resposible of key positios should be strog agaist workig pressures ad ups ad dows of work ad should have a strog itetios aager should ot be eglected about metal ad persoal problem of persoel ad should be kid with them Family purity of workers ad ad authorities should be paid attetio ad should be amog geeral affairs 5 akaremshirazi 997 aagemet ad leadership i Islam Selectio criteria are cosidered. Total coordiatio betwee qualificatios of job ad attributes of persoel, required skills ad orgaizatioal eeds, coceptual humaity ad total coordiatio betwee the resposibility ad positio should be provided 6 Gholipour, Aria Aliasghar, Pour-Ezzat Nik-Nejad, Abbass 008 The effects of cosequeces of aso effect o selectio ad appoitmet of govermetal Selectio ad appoitmet of workers ad are importat maers of a orgaizatio. Lack of stable positios for is oe of the mai problems i our coutry. Selfiterest of creates aso effect i them. It is advised to avoid aso effect while selectig. 7 Hejazi 00 Criteria to select ad appoit Scietific, practical ad moral merits 4
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) i viewpoit of Imam Ali ad resposibility ad proficiecy are great qualificatios of i a society which follows Imam Ali. Imam believes i four thigs to rui a govermet: wastig basic priciples, payig attetio to mior affairs, prioritizig of the igoble people ad repellig merit people. Virtue ad experiece are other fidigs i maagemet Coclusio ad Fidigs of the Backgroud of Performed Studies: The fidigs of the backgroud of performed studies idicate that various factors are effective o selectio ad appoitmet of icludig: skills such as techical, huma, coceptual ad desigig proficiecies ad also lack of stable ad steady maagemet i govermetal orgaizatios. This is aso Effect ad those who suffer from maagig egotism may ot be selected ad appoited. It is from scietific ad moral merits ad Islamic amicable attributes that should ot be eglectful from persoal ad metal problems of their workers ad be kid about them. I other fidigs of study literature, family purity of workers ad may be cosidered ad family purity ad digity is amog geeral qualificatios. A Compariso betwee Viewpoits of Imam Ali ad New aagemet Sciece: Havig a geeral look at the defiitio of attributes ad qualificatios of leadershipwhile behavig with iferior ad superior levels i viewpoits of Imam Ali ad wester scietists of maagemet, these poits will be specified: - Although the effect of leadership is paid attetio directly ad idirectly i viewpoit of Imam Ali ad other scietists of maagemet, but the mai poit is the essece of leadership ad maagemet of people i these two groups. The ifluece ad effect of maager ad leader o people is primarily to reach orgaizatioal goals i viewpoit of scietists of maagemet, i most of cases, these orgaizatioal goals iclude a specific group. But Imam Ali believes that leadership is a distictio for people ad is also a heavy resposibility for leader. So, acceptace of leadership i viewpoit of Imam is ot merely to accept goverig people, but it is resposibility to assist people, to admiister justice, to develop righteousess ad to demad the rights of the oppressed. So, Imam supposed his acceptace of rulership was imperative ot because Holy Prophet had selected him as his successor, but because of the agreemet of God with wise ad aware scietists. - aagemet scietists have passed the historical path from begiig to the curret age accordig to leadership attributes to reach expediet qualificatios, but Imam has described all aspects of may years studies of maagig affairs i his speeches ad letters. This is obvious i the cotext of his letter ad speeches. He has ordered his commaders differetly ad accordig to the various situatios. A Compariso betwee aager (Leader) i Viewpoits of Imam Ali ad Wester Scietists George Terrey (960) explais that leadership is impressig people to motivate them to create job ad iterest i order to obtai group targets.sa atchi (996) believes that leadership is the process to ifluece people to excite their volutarily ad eagerly efforts to fulfill orgaizatioal goals. Stoer ad Vockle (985) explai that leadership is oe of the duties of maager ad is the process to ifluece ad guide all activities related to tasks ad job of groups. Schomerhor ad others (997) say that leadership is a specific istace of persoal ifluece of a idividual o a group or aother perso which persuades them to do what the leader demads. 5
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) Havig a look at the descriptios of leadership by scietists of maagemet, followig key cocepts are distiguished:. Ifluecig people has a importat role i leadership.. Defiig a goal or joit goals is a pre-requiremet for other leadig activities. 3. Persoal ad group iteractios betwee leader ad other members are importat factors. It should be metioed that leadership is a cosequece of atural activities. Nobody ca call himself as a leader without existece of a group. Leadership is a effort which a idividual makes iside the group. Group ad leader are iterdepedet ad o oe exists without the other. Leader should be cordially iterested to create a group spirit ad to coordiate activities of group members. Leadership is essetial for existece of group which may be performed by someoe. About the reality of rulership ad leadership ad the reaso to accept rulership, Imam Ali says i his Sheghsheghieh speech: I swear to whom who raised the seed amogst mass of soil ad liveed up fetus, if audieces had ot atteded ad this fial otice had ot declared to me ad if God had ot made commitmet with aware divie scietists to stad agaist oppressio ad defed the oppressed, uhesitatigly I would have left rulership. You kow well that your world is worthless for me tha mucus of the ose of a goat whe it seezes. Attedace of audieces, fial otice of assisters ad commitmet to God by divie scietists are three factors which Imam Ali expresses as the reasos to accept rulership. I this viewpoit there is o aim of authority, selfcoceit ad takig advatage. I fact, rulership is to accept a heavy resposibility i the opiio of Imam Ali as a certai duty for divie scietists. Imam Ali compares the rulership with rotte water ad chockig bit. Rotte water ad chockig bit ot oly shows that rulership is ot a positive advatage, but also is a chockig bit for ruler due to heavy resposibility to accept rulig over a atio, ad icompetece is also a chockig bit for a ruler, ad pride ad self-respect takes a ruler like a morass ad kills him. Therefore, whe faith ad religio are argued, a power may exist for revolutio i order to destroy falseess ad make ruler the truth, or the ruler may sit aside ad give up to save religio util the truth appears out of falsehood. Imam Ali believes that rulership ad executive resposibility are the meas for growth of people, performace of truth ad developmet of religio which if be cosidered as the mere goal ad if battles be started to take them, they will be like rotte water or chockig bit which ot oly does ot relieve oe s thirst, but also kills him. Lookig at the words of Imam Ali, some importat ad key poits will be appeared about rulership: - I viewpoit of Imam Ali, it is ecessary to have group ad persoal iteractio betwee ruler ad people. - Ifluecig people, i viewpoit of Imam Ali, is essetial to raise people, to perform the truth, to develop religio ad geerally to guide the atio. Study Questios ai questio: What are the criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoits of Imam Ali ad maagemet sciece? Sub-questios. What are the criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of ew maagemet sciece? 6
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie). What are the criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha? 3. How is the rakig of criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of maagemet sciece? 4. How is the rakig of criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha? 5. How is the compariso betwee selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoits of maagemet sciece ad Nahjol-Balagha? Study ethodology Study ethod The value of ay sciece depeds o its methodology. Study method has various meaigs i scietific cotexts. These deductios sometimes cover each other ad sometimes have coectios. Study method ad the type of method sometimes are metioed as syoym phrases (Khaki, 999). This study is a applied study due to its goal ad is a descriptive study i measuremet ad descriptive type based o its data collectio method. Library method is used to collect data (takig otes of books about Koraic sciece, religio, maagemet, databases ad iteret) ad two professioal questioaires with five multiple choices i Lickert spectrum are used (oe questioaire for experts of maagemet ad the other for experts of Koraic ad religious sciece). Validityad Reliability Of questioaire I order to assess validity, the questios were desiged by meas of viewpoits ad literature of study ad also opiio of related authorities ad were orgaized based o goals ad theories of study. Ambiguous ad urelated questios were deleted accordig to improvig ideas ad suggestios of related experts ad professors ad the questioaire was collected ad was offered to repliers. After gatherig questioaires, the validity of all questios was calculated by meas of Crobach s Alpha Formula which is a statistical method to assess capability of measurig tool. The alpha for questioaire of ew maagemet was defied as α ad for questioaire of Nahjol-Balagha was defied as α. Aalytical ethod of Data Aalysis is a way through which the etire research process is beig guided from the level of problem selectio to the level of access to goal. I this study, the opiio of experts about related idexes ad criteria of selectio ad appoitmet of is cosidered from the viewpoit of Imam Ali i Nahjol-Balagha ad ew maagemet sciece. The by SPSS software, the mea opiio of experts about each criterio was calculated separately ad accordig to which, verbal paired tables were defied for each idex. I ext step, verbal paired tables chaged to fuzzy paired tables ad were assessed ad raked by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique. Coceptual odel of Study The role of model is to represet agets ad to defie relatioships i a system, process, existece, structure, opiio ad so o. These items may be show by various ad differet methods ad models would be assessed from viewpoit of represetatio of agets ad defiitio of relatioships (Hariri: 53, 004). The effective factors o selectio ad appoitmet of such as persoal ad professioal characteristics of, valued attributes ad moral ad religious qualificatios will be assessed ad at last, will be used to employ the best accordig to desiged model. AHP-Fuzzy Techique accordig to aalytical ad developmetal method The fuzzy trascriptio of AHP techique icludes some ambiguous situatios or ot well defied oes. ay AHP-Fuzzy methods are suggested by various people which are systematic approaches to make a choice by 7
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) meas of the cocept of fuzzy collectio theory ad aalysis of hierarchical structure. I 004 two Dutch researchers, Laarhorei ad Padrycz, proposed a method for the process of fuzzy hierarchical aalysis accordig to method of the least squares. A logarithm was established. High rate of calculatios ad complexity of stages were the reasos to reject their propositio. I 996 aother method etitled: extet aalysis method (EA) was proposed by Chiese researcher, Chag. The umbers i this method are triagular fuzzy umbers (omei, 006). Effective criteria to select ad appoit I viewpoit of ew maagemet sciece I viewpoit of Imam Ali Coceptual skills Huma skills Techical skills oral attributes Religious qualificatios Valued characteristics Coceptual model of study accordig to library of ohaghegh, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Ghaemshahr Brach, November 0, 00 The cocepts ad descriptios of AHP-Fuzzy accordig to EA method are as followig: If mathematical operatio of two fuzzy umbers is =(I, m, v ) ad =(I, m, v ), the represetatio of umbers is as followig: Figure : Represetatio of triagular umbers, Followig is their mathematical fuctio: ( I ( I. I, u m I, m, I, m. m m, u. m, u m ) c ) c, u m, I I EA method, the amout of s i as a triagular umber is calculated as followig for each lie of paired comparisos matrix: S i J k m i J ij Where, k is the umber of lie ad i ad j are optios ad idexes respectively. I EA method, the magitude degree of SKs should be assessed toward each other after calculatios. Geerally, if ad are two triagular fuzzy umbers, magitude degree of o that is show as V( ) will be defied as followig: V V m m hgt 8
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) Otherwise hgt V I m m V I agitude degree of a triagular fuzzy umber o k other triagular fuzzy umbers ca be calculated by this equatio: V... V V k k,... I EA method, calculatio of the weight of idexes i paired comparisos matrix is as followig: x iv S S, k,, k j W, i i k So the vector of the weight of idexes is as followig: C W C W W W,, C Aalysis of Statistics (data) T To assess the factors to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha, assessmet idexes should be explaied ad prioritized. Whereas this assessmet is performed by multiple ad qualitative idexes ad step by step, AHP (Aalysis Hierarchical Process) is a appropriate method. Sice most of prefer to declare their opiios i verbal words istead of usig umbers, so a fuzzy frame of AHP is used to prioritize the factors of selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha. EA method is the selected method to use AHP-Fuzzy techique i order to weight idexes ad optios (Chag, 00). To overcome lack of decisiveess i iput parameters of the problem, decisio is made i group. Thus, the viewpoits of experts ad authorities are collected ad the uaimity of their opiios is cosidered as the fial decisio for ay specific case (Kahrama, 003). A) Formig Hierarchical odel: Accordig to this model, at first the order of hierarchy of decisio to prioritize selectio ad appoitmet of is draw for viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha. To form a hierarchical model, at first its three mai levels should be defied. First level which is the higher level refers to the goal of decisio makig, amely rakig the importace of factors to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol- Balagha. Idexes are the secod level of hierarchical model which are also the criteria to comprise the goal. I curret study, idexes are the criteria of persoal ad professioal capabilities, valued attributes ad behavioral qualificatios to select ad appoit. Optios are the third level of hierarchical model. I fact, optios are the destiatio of the goal of hierarchical model ad the target respose will be achieved through draw optios (from A to A30). Diagram represets the hierarchical structure of model. B) Desigig Paired Comparisos atrix The aim of this stage is to defie the weights of criteria ad to rak them. The table of paired comparisos is prepared by meas of hierarchical model of research (diagram umber ). At first step, the viewpoits of experts about the importace of idexes ad optios are collected as the words of atural laguages ad i framework of paired comparisos matrix ad the are chaged to fuzzy umbers accordig to commo table of chages i EA method. At last, fuzzy average is calculated ad the mea of priorities are coordiated as triagular fuzzy umbers i the shape of paired comparisos matrixes. 9
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) Selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha Persoal ad professioal attributes Valued qualificatios oral attributes A8 A9 A30 A A A3 Diagram : Hierarchy order for decisio makig to prioritize the factors of selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha First step: Chagig metal opiio of experts to quatitative amouts: I this step the opiio of experts about the importace of criteria toward each other ad also the importace of optios toward each other for ay idex is collected. I such these studies, the opiio of experts is maily described i atural laguage words ad takig expert opiios is, i fact, metally. Whereas these words ca be cosidered as verbal quatities ad be described by fuzzy logic. Sice triagular fuzzy umbers are used i developmetal aalysis method to show the level of priorities, so accordig to followig commo table, verbal variables (priorities of experts) tur to triagular fuzzy umbers: Table : Chagig verbal variables to triagular fuzzy umbers Reversed triagular fuzzy umber Triagular fuzzy umber Verbal variable,,,, Excellet,, 3,, 3,, 5 3,, 3 5,, 7 3 5 3,, uch better 3 Better,, 3 5,, Average 5 Low,, 3 5 7, 3, Too low Secod step: Uaimity of viewpoits of experts: To defie priorities i paired comparisos matrix, uaimity of viewpoits of experts is referred for selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha, because aalyzig complicated affairs requires the viewpoits of more experts. I makig decisio accordig to opiio of some experts, their ideas will be composed or coordiated to take fial decisio. 0
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) akig decisio accordig to opiio of some experts is called uaimity. Whereas the opiio of experts is explaied i the words of atural laguages ad ca be cosidered as verbal quatities ad be described by fuzzy logic, the uaimity of their opiios ca be obtaied through fuzzy average (omei, 005). Due to triagular fuzzy umbers which are used to make the importace of selectio ad appoitmet of as fuzzy parameters i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha, uaimity of positive opiios of experts will be calculated based o followig triagular average equatio (the importace of opiios is cosidered equally). Suppose triagular umbers: (i) (i) (i) i i,..., A (a,a,a ) Triagular average (A ave ) is calculated by addig up triagular umbers ad dividig o a true umber. The result is a triagular umber which is show i equatio : A ave A... A ( i) ( i) ( a, a, a i i i ( i) ) A (i) (i) (i) ave (m,m,m ) ( a, a, a ) i i i Third step: Formig paired comparisos matrix: Paired comparisos matrix for idexes toward each other ad for optios toward each idex will be formed i this step by meas of obtaied fuzzy averages i previous step. I each matrix, ay cell above the mai diameter refers to the level of importace of parameters of row toward the parameters of colum, ad ay cell below the mai diameter refers to the level of importace of parameters of colum toward the parameters of row ad their value is reversed of cells above the mai diameter. For example, table represets a compariso betwee effective factors to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha: Table : A specime of paired comparisos matrix accordig to triple criteria of Nahjol-Balagha () Idexes Persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit Valued attributes to select ad appoit etal qualificatios to select ad appoit Persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit, 5, 5,,,, 3 3 Valued attributes to select ad appoit 3 5,,,, 3,, etal qualificatios to select ad appoit 3 5,,,, 3,, The data i table chaged to triagular fuzzy umbers by meas of table ad accordig to average replies to questioaires i Lickert spectrum ad their fuzzy average. C) Calculatio of coefficiets for paired compariso matrixes: The weight of parameters will be calculated after formatio of paired comparisos matrixes ad data collectio. For such this calculatio, coefficiets of each paired comparisos matrix ad magitude level of parameters should be calculated toward each other. Accordig to EA method, coefficiets of matrixes are calculated by followig equatio (Asgharpour, 004):
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) S K m ij j KL j j () Where, k is the umber of row ad i ad j are optios ad idexes, respectively. For istace, for the table of criteria to select ad appoit accordig to Nahjol-Balagha, the level of coefficiets for paired compariso matrix represeted i table ca be calculated as followig: Table 3: A calculatio specime of coefficiets of triple criteria matrix of Nahjol-Balagha i curret study (accordig to equatio ) Criteria Persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit Valued attributes to select ad appoit etal qualificatios to select ad appoit N J (4,5,6) KL ).067,.5, 3.667) (.9,.5, 4.67) J N J IJ )0.07, 0.00,0.6) )0.07, 0.00,0.6) )0.07, 0.00,0.6) = S K )0.88, 0.500, 0.756) )0.49, 0.50, 0.46) )0.37, 0.50, 0.55) After calculatio of SKs, the level of their magitude should be obtaied toward each other. Geerally, if ad are two triagular fuzzy umbers, magitude level of toward, show as V( ), will be defied as followig: V( V( hgt( ) ) hgt( ) (u ) m u l l ) (m m m ) otherwise: (3) agitude level of a triagular fuzzy umber from k other triagular fuzzy umbers will be calculated as followig: V(,..., K ) V( ),..., V( K ) (4) for istace, the level of magitude of triagular fuzzy umber for table i curret study is calculable based o table 4 to defie the criteria of persoal ad professioal capabilities for selectio ad appoitmet of. Table 4: A calculatio specime of magitude of triagular fuzzy umber for persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit toward other criteria (accordig to equatio 3) agitude level for persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit toward valued attributes to select ad V(S S) = (0.756 0.49) (0.756 0.49) (0.500.500) =
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) appoit for persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit toward metal qualificatios to select ad appoit V(S S3) (0.756 0.37) (0.756 0.37) (0.50 0.500) Calculatios i above table are performed for each criterio toward the others. At last, the least level of magitude for each substructure is obtaied toward the others as it is show i table 5: Table 5: A specime of calculatio of the least level of magitude (accordig to equatios 3 ad 4) Criterio of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit toward other criteria Criterio of valued attributes to select ad appoit toward other criteria etal qualificatios to select ad appoit toward other criteria i V(S S,S 3 ) i V(S S,S 3 ) i V(S 3 S,S ) =.0000 0.4063 0.4833 D) Calculatio of the weight of idexes ad optios: After obtaiig magitude level, we follow these steps to calculate the weight of parameters i paired comparisos matrix: W(x ) i i V S S, K,,..., K i i k For example, the vector of W (x i ) for matrix i our study will be: W (x i ) = [, 0.4063, 0.4833] The parameters of above equatio are extracted from table 5 which represets the least magitude level. So, the vector of the weight of parameters is as followig: (5) W W (c T ), W (c),..., W (c ) (6) The, the vector of abormal coefficiets of fuzzy AHP will be chaged to ormal weights through followig equatio: wi w i w i (7) At last, the total will be calculated (Σ=.8896) ad the amout of w i will be calculated by dividig each parameter o the total amout: w i = 0.59, 0.50, 0.558] T 3
Weight of substructures Iteratioal Joural of Ecoomics, Busiess ad Fiace Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) Obtaied parameters are those which are the rakig of effective criteria i table 6 to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha. E) Rakig the importace of idexes ad parameters: At last, the results of calculatig the weight of three criteria of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit, valued attributes to select ad appoit ad metal qualificatios to select ad appoit were merged with the results of the weight of 30 parameters related to effective criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol- Balagha (from A to A30) through geometrical average to achieve relative importace of parameters. Tables 6 ad 7 show the result of above calculatios accordig to the importace of parameters (optios): Table 6: Rakig effective criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha No Criterio Score Priority Persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit 0.59 Valued attributes ad qualificatios to select ad appoit 0.50 3 3 etal qualificatios to select ad appoit 0.558 Above tables show that persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit are i first priority ad valued attributes ad metal qualificatios are respectively i other priorities to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha. To calculate table 7, for example for persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit, each figure i the colum of primary weight of parameters of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit should be multiplied i the weight of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit which is 0.59 accordig to table 7 to obtai the colum of total grade of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit. Such this process is performed for the colums of iitial weight of valued attributes to select ad appoit ad iitial weight of metal qualificatios to select ad appoit, amely each oe is multiplied i the weight of its related criterio to obtai the colum of total grade of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit, total grade of valued attributes to select ad appoit ad total grade of metal qualificatios to select ad appoit. Table 7: Rakig the parameters of selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha accordig to triple criteria Iitial rakig of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit 0.0753 0.43 0.097 0.0694 0.0803 0.0843 0.46 0.0753 0.0786 0.0694 Iitial rakig of valued attributes to select ad appoit 0.00 0.0384 0.48 0.056 0.8 0.005 0.383 0.00 0.8 0.48 Iitial rakig of parameters of metal attributes to select ad appoit 0.0964 0.50 0.0964 0.367 0.367 0.05 0.634 0.088 0.50 0.0964 0.059 0.50 0.558 0.7 = Total rakig of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit 0.0398 0.0758 0.09 0.0367 0.045 0.0446 0.0606 0.0398 0.046 0.0367 Total rakig of valued attributes to select ad appoit 0.05 0.008 0.047 0.0057 0.039 0.0005 0.097 0.05 0.039 0.047 Total rakig of parameters of metal attributes to select ad appoit 0.046 0.094 0.046 0.0349 0.0349 0.0039 0.048 0.0073 0.094 0.046 4
Weight of substructur es Priority Score No Priority Score No Iteratioal Joural of Ecoomics, Busiess ad Fiace Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) At last, effective parameters ad factors to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha are represeted i table 8 with their scores ad grades. Table 8: Rakig priority of parameters to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha Criteria Criteria 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 0 0.097 0.094 0.094 0.047 0.047 0.046 0.046 0.046 0.05 0.05 0.008 0.0073 0.0057 0.0039 0.0005 Justice savig public properties loyalty fightig with cruel ad supportig oppressed cocealmet of others' faults ad avoidig to fid their faults resposibility agaist the society sloga blame ager restrai patiece learig from the past virtue ad piety moderatio i moralities Truthfuless ad truth seekig traquility ad digity retur to the truth after awareess 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 30 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 0 0 0.09 0.0758 0.0606 0.0446 0.045 0.048 0.046 0.0398 0.0398 0.039 0.039 0.0367 0.0367 0.0349 0.0349 decet dyasty eloquece good experiece liberality accuracy cheerfuless discer ad aalysis ability disciplie kowledge moderatio i ager ad kidess ot flatterig power ad ability resistace agaist problems prudecy kidess ad compassio 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 4 5 Accordig to table 8, decet dyasty, eloquece, good experiece, liberality ad accuracy are i first to fifth positios ad virtue ad piety, moderatio i moralities, Truthfuless ad truth seekig ad retur to the truth after awareess are i 5 to positios. Calculatios ad tables of criteria to select ad appoit i viewpoit of ew maagemet are the same with tables ad calculatios of criteria i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha. Table 9: Rakig effective factors o selectio ad appoitmet of i viewpoit of ew maagemet No Criterio Score Priority Persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit 0.64 Valued attributes ad qualificatios 0.89 3 etal qualificatios to select ad appoit 0.569 3 Above table shows that persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit is i the first priority ad Valued attributes ad qualificatios ad etal qualificatios to select ad appoit are respectively i other priorities to select ad appoit i viewpoit of ew maagemet. Table 0: Rakig of parameters to select ad appoit i viewpoit of ew maagemet accordig to triple criteria Iitial weight of persoal ad professioal capabilities to select ad appoit Iitial weight of valued attributes to select ad appoit Iitial weight of parameters of metal attributes to Total rakig of persoal ad professioal capabilities Total rakig of valued attributes to select ad appoit Total rakig of parameters of metal attributes to select ad appoit 5
Priority Score No Priority Score No Iteratioal Joural of Ecoomics, Busiess ad Fiace Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) select ad appoit to select ad appoit 0.397 0.07 0.0 0.087 0.07 0.474 0.455 0.397 0.75 0.07 0.45 0.066 0.08 0.453 0.096 0.08 0.08 0.063 0.08 0.45 0.0780 0.0703 0.36 0.36 0.0703 0.0590 0.64 0.0590 0.9 0.64 0.89 0.569 = 0.0858 0.0443 0.09 0.04 0.0443 0.0905 0.0893 0.0858 0.053 0.0443 0.085 0.006 0.053 0.033 0.0068 0.053 0.053 0.043 0.053 0.085 0.0 0.003 0.008 0.008 0.003 0.009 0.0355 0.009 0.009 0.077 Table : Rakig of parameter priorities to select ad appoit i viewpoit of ew maagemet Parameters Parameters 9 0 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 9 0.053 0.043 0.008 0.008 0.077 0.09 0.0 0.04 0.003 0.003 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.0068 0.006 Cosultatio Self-cofidece Philathropy Ivestigatig social affairs Edurig the oppoets ad acceptig faults etal capabilities- decisio makig Truthfuless etal capabilities- creativity Resposibility Faithfuless Stability Patiece Self-cotrol Justice Trusteeship 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 30 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 9 0.053 0.0905 0.0893 0.0858 0.0858 0.0443 0.0443 0.0443 0.0355 0.033 0.085 0.085 0.053 0.053 0.053 Relatios Experiece- workig backgroud Educatio ad professioal courses Skills Physical power ad health Persoality etal capabilities- awareess Leadership Proud to solve the problem of people Executio of the law Decisiveess Creatio of huma relatioship as a effective tool Kowledge Effort Future aticipatio 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 4 5 Accordig to results of table, relatios, workig history, past fuctio, educatio ad professioal courses are i first to third positios ad self-cotrol, justice ad trusteeship are i 7 to 9 positios. Coclusio As it is metioed before, AHP-Fuzzy techique is used to aalyze collected data ad iformatio. Followig is the result of this process: - Rakig criteria ad parameters to select ad appoit i viewpoit of Nahjol-Balagha by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique 6
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie).- Total rakig of criteria The result of the rakig of parameters by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique showed that persoal ad professioal capabilities, valued attributes ad metal qualificatios are respectively i first to third positios..- Total rakig of parameters The result of rakig parameters by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique showed that the parameters of decet dyasty, eloquece, good experiece, liberality, accuracy, cheerfuless, discer ad aalysis ability, disciplie, kowledge, moderatio i ager ad kidess, ot flatterig, power ad ability, resistace agaist problems, prudecy, kidess ad compassio, justice, savig public properties, loyalty, fightig with cruel ad supportig oppressed, cocealmet of others' faults ad avoidig to fid their faults, resposibility agaist the society, sloga blame, ager restrai, patiece, learig from the past, virtue ad piety, moderatio i moralities, truthfuless, truth seekig, traquility ad digity ad retur to the truth after awareess are i ext positios after above-metioed first three positios. - Rakig criteria ad parameters to appoit ad select i viewpoit of ew maagemet by meas of AHP-Fuzzy.- Total rakig of criteria The result of the rakig of parameters by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique showed that persoal ad professioal capabilities, valued attributes ad metal qualificatios are respectively i first to third positios..- Total rakig of parameters Rakig parameters by meas of AHP-Fuzzy techique showed that the parameters of relatioships, experiece ad workig backgroud, educatio ad professioal courses, skills, physical abilities ad health, persoality, metal-itelligece capabilities, leadership, proud of helpig people, decisiveess, establishig huma relatios as a tool for efficiecy, kowledge, resistace agaist problems, prudecy, kidess, justice ad fairess, savig public properties, savig public properties, loyalty, fightig with cruel ad supportig oppressed, cocealmet of others' faults ad avoidig to fid their faults, resposibility agaist the society, effort, cosultatio, selfcofidece, philathropy, removig social problems, edurace of oppoets ad acceptace of mistakes, metal capabilities decisio makig, truthfuless, metal capabilities creativity, resposibility, secrecy, costacy, patiece, self-cotrol, justice ad reliace are i ext positios after three first positios. Refereces [] Ahmad-Khai, asoud (007) Essetials of Orgaizatio ad aagemet-public aagemet, eighth editio, Tehra, Cultural Research Publicatios [] Ahmad-Khai, asoud (000) odelig Behavior of aagers accordig to Letters of Imam Ali i Nahjol- Balagha, A Thesis, Islamic Educatio ad aagemet, Tehra, Imam Sadegh (PBUH) Uiversity [3] Ayatollah akaremshirazi (997) aagemet ad Leadership i Islam, Qom, Publicatios of Imam Ali- Ib-Abitalib School [4] DelshadTehrai, ostafa (998) The Govermet of So; Political Opiio ad Goverig ethod of Imam Ali, Tehra, The house of youg thoughts [5] Gholipour, Aria; Pour-Ezzat, Ali Asghar; Nik-Nejad, Abbass (008) The effects of Cosequeces of aso Effect o Selectio ad Appoitmet of Govermetal aagers [6] Hejazi (00) Criteria to Select ad Appoit aagers i Viewpoit of Imam Ali 7
Vol., No., Jauary 04, PP: - 8, ISSN: 37-888 (Olie) [7] Khosravi, ahmood (999) Criteria to Select ad Appoit Huma Power i Islamic aagemet Based o Nahjol-Balagha, A Thesis, Islamic Educatio ad aagemet, Tehra, Imam Sadegh (PBUH) Uiversity [8] SeyyedRadi, Nahjol-Balagha, The most famous collectio of sermos, letters, tafsirs ad arratios attributed to Imam Ali. [9] NasehoddiAbolfathAbdolvahab, Gherarol-Hekam. 8