A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH) RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department by LAILA INDAH CAHYANINGSIH A320100166 SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2014 i
MOTTO Demi waktu matahari sepenggalahan naik, dan demi malam apabila telah sunyi, Tuhanmu tiada meninggalkankamu dan tiada pula benci kepadamu, dan sesungguhnya akhir itu lebih baik bagimu dari permulaan. (QS. Ad-Duha 1-4) Kegigihan akan mendatangkan kesuksesan. v
DEDICATION From my deep heart and great love, this research paper is dedicated to: ALLAH SWT My beloved Daddy and Mommy, My beloved brother, My beloved Hafizh Hasbur Rachman, All the research consultants, and All my best friend. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Assalamu alaikumwarahmatullahiwabarokatuh, Alhamdulillah hirobbil alamin, in the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful and price to Allah SWT, Lord of the world so that the writer can finish the research paper as a partial fulfillment of requirements for the graduate degree of education. It is because of His blessing and guidance, that the writer is finally able to finish his research paper. It is entitled A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH). The writer fully realizes that the research paper could not be finished without the help of other people. Therefore, on this opportunity, she would like to express the gratitude and appreciation to: 1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno,M.Hum., as Dean of the School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, 2. Drs. H. Maryadi, MA. as the first consultant for the great help, advice, and guidance, 3. Dra. Siti Zuhriah Aryatmi, M.Hum. as the second consultant for the great help and guidance, 4. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M. Hum. as the writer s academic advisor has guided so far, vii
5. All lecturers in English Department for guiding, knowledge, support and meaningful advices, so that she can understand English better, 6. Her beloved father and mother, Mr. Sukasno and Mrs. Sulastri who have given their energy, support, and everything, 7. Her beloved brother, Hafid Bagus Cahyasaputra, who give support, 8. Her beloved Hafizh Hasbur Rachman, who give support and suggestion, 9. Her best friend, Safika, who helps the researcher, 10. Lastly, all her friends in English Department who give support. Finally, the researcher wants to thanks the reader who wants to give their some criticism, suggestion, and revision to order to make this research paper better. Wassalammu alaikumwarohmatullahiwabarakatuh Surakarta, December 2014 The writer Laila Indah Cahyaningsih viii
SUMMARY Laila Indah Cahyaningsih. A320100166.A PRAGMATICS PERSPECTIVE OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE USED IN AL-QURAN (AL-BAQARAH). Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2015. This research paper is about an analysis of figurative language used in Al- Quran. The major problems in this study are to know the types of figurative language used in Al-Quran, to know the meaning of figurative language found in the Al-Quran and to reveal the dominant figurative language in the Al-Quran. The primary sources of data are the research is conducted by using descriptive qualitative research. The method of the data collection is documentation. Based on the research, the researcher concludes that in analyzing literary work, especially Al-Quran, the researcher uses a part of whole figures of speech; they are simile, personification, symbol, hyperbole, and metaphor. Based on the analysis, the study reveals that there are many meanings and types of figurative language in Al-Quran. The dominant figurative language in Al- Quran is simile and his minor figures of speech are personification, symbol, hyperbole, and metaphor. The meaning revealed from the Al-Quran conventional implicature and conversational implicature. Keywords: Pragmatics, figurative language. First Consultant Second Consultant Drs. H. Maryadi, MA. NIP. 1958 03 04 1986 03 1001 Dra. SitiZuhriahAryatmi, M.Hum. NIK. 225 ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER... APPROVAL... ACCEPTANCE... TESTIMONY... MOTTO... DEDICATION... ACNOWLEDGEMENT... SUMMARY... TABLE OF CONTENT... LIST OF TABLE... i ii iii iv v vi vii ix x xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background of Study 1 B. Problem Statement 9 C. Objective of the Study 9 D. Limitation of Study 9 E. Benefit of the Study 10 F. Research Paper Organization 10 CHAPTER II UNDERLYING THEORY 12 A. Previous Study B. Underlying Theory. 1. Pragmatics 12 a. Notion of Pragmatics. 12 x
b. Principles of Pragmatics 14 1) Deixis 14 2) Presupposition 14 3) Entailment 15 4) Speech Act 15 5) Implicature 17 C. Figurative Language 19 1. Notion of Figurative Language 19 2. Types of Figurative Language 20 a. Simile 20 b. Metaphor 21 c. Personification 21 d. Metonymy 22 e. Hyperbole 22 f. Apostrophe 23 g. Synecdoche 24 h. Symbol 24 i. Allegory 24 j. Paradox 25 k. Understatement 26 l. Irony 26 D. Al-Quran 27 xi
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 30 A. Type of Study 30 B. Object of the Study 30 C. Data and Source of Data 30 D. Technique of Collecting Data 30 E. Technique of Analyzing Data 31 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 32 A. Data Analysis 32 1. Types of Figurative Language.. 32 2. Meaning of Figurative Language. 32 B. Discussion of the Finding 65 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION... 70 a. Conclusion 70 b. Suggestion 71 BIBLIOGRAPHY... 73 VIRTUAL REFERENCE... 74 APPENDIX xii
LIST OF TABLE Table 4.1Types of Figurative Language in Quran... 65 Table 4.2Meaning of Figurative Language in Quran... 68 xiii