CHAPTER-5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE

CHAPTER-5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE 5.1.0 Intoduction 5.2.0 Components (Dimensions) of the Scale 5.3.0 Constuction and Layout of Spiitual Intelligence Scale 5.3.1 Constuction of Statements 5.3.2 Review of the Statements by Expets 5.3.3 Pe-Piloting of the Scale 5.3.4 Pilot Tyout of the Scale 5.3.5 Item Analysis 5.3.6 Final Fom of the Scale 5.3.7 Scoing Method of the Scale 5.3.8 Manual fo Spiitual Intelligence Scale 5.4.0 Conclusion

CHAPTER-5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE SCALE 5.1.0 Intoduction Main objective of the pesent study is to constuct and standadize spiitual intelligence scale fo colleges students of Gujaat state. So this chapte is the heat of this study. In this chapte component (Dimension) to measue spiitual intelligence, steps to constuct spiitual intelligence scale, scoing method and statistical analysis fo selecting statements wee discussed in detail. 5.2.0 Components (Dimensions) of the Scale The objective of the pesent study is to measue the spiitual intelligence of bachelo of education (B.Ed.) and maste of education (M.Ed.) college students of Gujaat state. Befoe constucting Spiitual Intelligence Scale, the eseache has efeed following scales of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t Spiitual Intelligence Scale By Shiin R. Jadav t Spiitual Intelligence Test By Nishad B. Oza t Spiitual Intelligence Scale by Bhavin D. Shah t Roqan Spiitual Intelligence Test by Pof. Roquiya Zainuddin and Ms. Anjum Ahmed published by National Psychological Copoation. t Spiitual Intelligence Scale by D. Santosh Dha and D. Upinde Dha published by National Psychological Copoation. Components (Dimensions) in the above scales as well as items of these scales wee studied in detail. Afte the studying the scales and discussion with the guide, the detail list of dimensions wee sent to expets of Education Faculty. Afte that following (components) dimensions wee selected fo the pepaation of Spiitual Intelligence Scale: Components (Dimensions) used fo Spiitual Intelligence Scale : (1) God and Religious God and Religious Belief and Knowledge Regading God Belief Regading Payes 101

(2) Self-Awaeness Knowledge about stength and weakness Realisation of inne self Self behaviou with othe pesons Self - satisfaction Belief about own self (3) Religious Concept Knowledge about tadition and festivals of diffeent eligion Equality fo all eligion Knowledge of diffeent eligion Acceptance/ ejection of othe eligion s belief Belief about salvation Knowledge about diffeent eligion s cultue (4) Spiitual Changes Spiitual Changes occu because of: Changes in pesonality because of eligion and spiituality Changes because of eligion education Changes because of spiitual books Changes because of satsang (spiitual discouse) Knowledge about spiitual leades (5) Religious Expeience Evolutions of daily life expeiences in context of spiituality Expeiences of diffeent powe due to spiituality Realisation of god existence (6) Values Democatic peception Moal values Humanism Peace and Empathy Non-violence and Justice Honesty Unity 102

(7) Helping Natue Undestanding the impotance of human life Use of body and mind to help othes Helping othes without selfishness Belief like The sevice of the People is the sevice of the God (8) Social Matuity Social sevice and knowledge about social taditions To ty fo emoving the misundestanding, supestitions and igid -customs pevalent in the society. Knowledge about elationship between diffeent eligion and society. (9) Soul, Meditation and Yoga Doing activity like meditation and yoga Belief about existence of soul afte death Belief about eincanation Knowledge about elationship between body and soul 5.3.0 Constuction and Layout of Spiitual Intelligence Scale Afte deciding the dimensions (Components) of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale, the next step was to constuct statements. It was decided to include 90 statements in the final fom of the scale. So, it was equied to constuct moe than 90 statements. Reseache had decided layout of the scale that was 5 point scale. It means students get five options to give esponse like Stongly Agee, Agee, Neutal, Disagee, and Stongly Disagee) 5.3.1 Constuction of Statements The eseache had studied the concept of spiituality and as pe his undestanding he pepaed some sentences on his own. Some sentences wee pepaed afte having a discussion with the pofessos and the guide while some sentences wee pepaed afte the discussion with the students. Thus, fom the above mentioned souces instuctions on how to espond to the statements and a list of total 166 sentences was pepaed accoding to dimensions. Details of statement accoding to dimensions ae given in Table-5.1 103

Table-5.1 Statements as pe Dimensions fo Scale S. Dimensions Numbe of Statements 1 God and Religious 23 2 Self Awaeness 22 3 Religious Concept 15 4 Spiitual Changes 16 5 Religious Expeience 16 6 Values 20 7 Helping Natue 15 8 Social Matuity 19 9 Soul, Meditation and Yoga 20 Total 166 5.3.2 Review of the Statements by Expets Above fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale of 166 statements was sent to the expets of Faculties of Education fo futhe ecommendations. List of Expets who sent back thei view is attached in Appendix-A. The expets views and suggestions egading the statements of the scale It was obseved that the expets had diected the attentions of the eseache towads length of statements, gammatical eos, ielevant statements and also towads adding new statements and keep 1/3 statements negative fo each dimension in the scale. Accoding to the suggestions and ecommendations given by the expets, investigato coected and made changes in the statements. By keeping in mind suggestions of expets ielevant statements wee emoved and 15 statements fo each dimension wee finalised fo the pe-piloting of the scale. 5.3.3 Pe-Piloting of the Scale The pe-piloting tyout was caied out keeping in mind the following objectives: (A) To modify the statement if students find it ambiguous o confusion. (B) To modify the instuction of the scale if equied. 104

Fo the Pe-Pilot Test of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale, sample fom 1 college of Bachelo of Education (B.Ed.) and 1 Colleges of Maste of Education (M.Ed.) i.e. fom total 2 colleges wee selected. The details of the sample ae given in the table-5.2. Table-5.2 Sample fo the Pe-Pilot Tyout College Gende Male Female Name Aea Uban Rual Uban Rual Categoy G R G R G R G R Shada Ahyapan Mandi B.Ed. 11 04 09 08 07 04 06 04 53 College Total Manuba M.Ed.College 02 01 02 01 03 01 02 04 16 Total 13 05 11 09 10 05 08 08 18 20 15 16 69 Abbeviations G= Geneal Categoy, R=Reseve Categoy Students wee asked to aise thei hands if they feel any confusion o difficulty egading the statements and instuctions. The difficulties faced by them wee noted down and equied changes wee made in the statements. They wee also asked to povide feedback, if any, doubt of any aspect of the Scale, including claity of instuctions, woding of Statement, esponse fomat and content. No statistical analysis was done at this stage.thus, on the basis of pe-pilot ty out, vey small coection wee made in the statements and instuctions. 5.3.4 Pilot Tyout of the Scale The objectives of the pilot ty out wee as follows: (A) To select the statements based on the statistical analysis (t-value and Coelation Coefficient) (B) To select statements fo the final un. Now, in the pepaed scale, the geneal instuctions about scale, as well as infomation egading the students such as a, name, college name, college level, gende, aea of esidence, type of college, unde gaduate / post gaduate subject, Categoy wee mentioned on the scale and 450 copies wee made of this Spiitual Intelligence Scale. 105

Fo each dimension eseache had constucted 15 statements i.e.10 positive and 05 negative statements. Detail of statements accoding to dimension is given in Table-5.3. Table-5.3 Statements Accoding to Dimensions fo Scale S. 1 Dimensions God and Religious Statement in Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Numbe of Statements Positive Negative Positive Negative Total 8,35,45,52,54,66, 2,25,87, 119,132 10 05 15 69,73,109,124 2 Self Awaeness 26,46,75,79,81,84, 88,91,94,96 32,65,99,112,116 10 05 15 3 Religious Concept 1,20,30,43,55,64, 78,85,97,129 7,11,38,59,117 10 05 15 4 Spiitual Changes 16,44,63,67,74,76, 80,104,106,108 48,72,86,92,101 10 05 15 5 Religious Expeience 5,12,13,24,27, 42,50,100,114,134 14,53,93,123,128 10 05 15 6 Values 17,21,39,47,51, 58,68,113,118,126 9,29,33,40,61 10 05 15 7 Helping Natue 4,18,23,36,56, 83,90,102,105,131 60,70,122,125,133 10 05 15 8 Social Matuity 6,15,19,28,37, 82,95,98,110,111 10,57,71,121,130 10 05 15 9 Soul, Meditation and Yoga 3,22,31,34,41, 62,89,107,115,135 49,77,103,120,127 10 05 15 Total 90 45 135 Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale in Gujaati Vesion is attached in appendix-b and English Vesion is attached in appendix-b(i). Fo the Pilot Tyout of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale, Total 418 students wee selected as a sample fom 4 college of Bachelo of Education (B.Ed.) and 3 Colleges of 106

Maste of Education (M.Ed.) i.e. total 7 colleges wee selected. Scales having incoect infomation, esponses in same methods wee ejected and finally, 370 students wee selected fo Pilot Tyout. The details of the sample ae given in the Table-5.4. Table-5.4 Sample fo the Pilot Tyout S College Gende Male Female Name Aea Uban Rual Uban Rual Categoy G R G R G R G R Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pakash College of Education(B.Ed.) Path College of Education(B.Ed.) Vindavan College of Education Ganeshpua Shee V. B. Nandola B.Ed. College, Bhachha M.Ed. College Vidhyanagai Himmatnaga Expeimental College of Education fo post gaduation studies, (M.Ed.) Pantij Shee Ram College of MasteEducation,Moti Pavthi 13 14 16 12 16 8 4 6 89 11 7 12 9 12 11 2 8 72 9 3 14 6 7 10 8 11 68 14 8 5 7 13 8 3 5 63 2 6 3 2 3 2 4 2 24 4 8 2 8 0 3 2 1 28 5 1 4 2 3 7 1 3 26 Total 58 47 56 46 54 49 24 36 370 Accoding to Table-5.4, fou colleges of Bachelo of Education (B.Ed.) and thee colleges of Maste of Education (M.Ed.) wee selected. Thee ae 292 students fom 107

Bachelo of Education (B.Ed.) and 78 students fom Maste of Education (M.Ed.), which total to 370 students. Thee ae 105 male students fom uban aea; 102 male students fom ual aea; 103 female students fom uban aea and 60 female students fom ual aea wee selected. Total 207 male students and 163 female students wee selected. Befoe, administeing the scale to the students, all the instuctions wee ead befoe them and Spiitual Intelligence Scale was given fo Pilot Ty out. Afte students completed thei wok and gave thei esponses on Spiitual Intelligence Scale, all the scales wee collected back. Afte that item analysis was caied out. 5.3.5 Item Analysis Total 370 scales wee checked based on the scoing of the scale; they wee shoted in descending ode of the scoes of the students. Afte that, the top 27%, i.e. 100 students wee selected as Uppe Goup of the students and the bottom 27% students i.e. 100 students wee selected as a Lowe Goup of the students. Fo each statement keeping in the view the choice as Stongly Agee, Agee, Neutal, Disagee, Stongly Disagee, the t-value and coelation was calculated fo the Uppe Goup and Lowe Goup. The fequency distibution of the esponses of the sentences in tems of the goup achieving highe 27% scoe and lowe 27% scoe is shown in Table- 5.5. The t-value was calculated using the following fomula. Whee, Xu = Mean of the uppe goup Xl = Mean of the lowe goup SDu = Standad Deviation of the uppe goup SDl = Standad Deviation of the Lowe goup N = Numbe of students u = Uppe Goup l = Lowe Goup 108

S. 1 I Table-5.5 Numbe of Responses of the goup achieving highe 27% scoe and lowe 27% scoe to Each Statements in Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Level Mean S.D. S Ed celebate evey eligious festival enthusiastically. U 4.49 0.67 L 3.43 1.07 Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.08 1.06 13.5 0.54 Accepted 2 3 Doing the Bhajan Kitan (Holy woship/hymns of God) is a wastage of time. I believe that the diseases can be cued with the help of Yoga. U 4.33 0.83 L 2.51 0.94 U 4.47 0.54 L 3.47 1.07 0.09 1.82 19.8 0.71 Accepted 0.07 1.00 15.3 0.57 Accepted 4 The done sevice without any expectation is the eal sevice. U 4.64 0.58 L 3.43 1.12 0.07 1.21 17.2 0.63 Accepted 5 6 I can have the ealization of God by woshiping o paying Him. I don t like the hypocisy displayed in the maiages o eligious occasions. U 4.25 0.68 L 3.24 1.11 U 3.46 1.2 L 3.09 1.05 0.08 1.01 12.5 0.48 Accepted 0.13 0.37 2.82 0.22 Rejected 109

S. No 7 Statements Level Mean S.D. S Ed Accepted Mean t- / Diffeence value Rejected I believe that the God cannot U 3.46 1.2 be made glad by the 0.13 0.37 2.82 0.22 Rejected celebation of eligious L 3.09 1.05 festivals. 8 I believe that the God is only one. U 3.25 1.25 L 2.79 1.13 0.14 0.46 3.34 0.24 Rejected 9 I pefe such woks as can offe financial gains. U 4.45 1 L 3.39 1.06 0.11 1.06 9.57 0.5 Rejected 10 I cannot easily mix up with the people in society. U 2.56 1.17 L 2.72 1.09 0.13 0.16 1.24-0.1 Accepted 11 I don t accept the impotance of the othe eligion. U 4.18 0.8 L 2.78 1.19 0.09 1.4 14.9 0.57 Accepted 12 I feel being close to the God. U 3.91 0.88 L 3.08 1.11 0.1 0.83 8.28 0.45 Accepted 13 I feel the existence of the God in evey U 4.27 0.75 0.09 1.05 12.1 0.53 Accepted element of the natue. L 3.22 1.09 110

S. No 14 Statements Level Mean S.D. S Ed Accepted Mean t- / Diffeence value Rejected The God does not give the U 4.09 1.04 appopiate 0.12 1.26 10.8 0.52 Accepted ewad of my L 2.83 1.13 wok. 15 16 17 I am always given the U 3.15 1.04 esponsibility of oganizing the social L 3.16 1.05 pogammes. By attending the Satsang (Spiitual U 4.23 0.84 Discouse), the vitues like compassion, mecy and honesty ae L 3.14 1.17 developed in me. I poceed on the basis of the U 4.42 0.6 honesty. L 3.44 1.1 0.11 0.01 0.09 00.00 Rejected 0.1 1.09 11.2 0.52 Accepted 0.07 0.98 13.5 0.54 Rejected 18 I help as much as I can duing U 4.2 0.79 0.09 0.86 9.48 0.42 Rejected natual disaste. L 3.34 1.09 19 I believe that each peson has unique U 4.59 0.62 0.07 1.23 16.5 0.61 Accepted impotance the society. in L 3.36 1.11 111

S. No 20 Statements Level Mean S.D. S Ed My eligion is the best one among all the eligions. U 3.15 1.37 L 3.13 1.22 Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.15 0.02 0.13 0.04 Rejected 21 I don t believe in the diffeences of eligion and U 4.06 1.19 L 3.14 1.24 0.13 0.92 6.83 0.37 Accepted ace. 22 My inne abilities ae developed by meditation and yoga. U 4.32 0.9 L 3.23 1.15 0.1 1.09 10.6 0.52 Accepted 23 I believe that The sevice of the People is the sevice to the God U 4.08 1.17 L 3.26 1.15 0.13 0.82 6.31 0.37 Accepted 24 25 I expeience the U 3.86 1.17 miacles. L 3.37 1.18 I don t believe U 4.48 0.92 in God. L 2.87 1.23 0.13 0.49 3.73 0.24 Rejected 0.11 1.61 15 0.63 Accepted 26 I can make new fiends quickly. U 4.03 1.01 L 3.38 1.14 0.11 0.65 5.7 0.35 Rejected 27 I get what I think. U 3.73 1.24 L 3.14 1.2 0.14 0.59 4.26 0.31 Rejected 112

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 28 29 I don t do such things as ceate U 4.11 1.01 diffeences in the society. L 3.2 1.13 I don t keep the pomises given U 4.11 1.01 to othes. L 2.75 1.17 0.11 0.91 8.04 0.47 Rejected 0.11 1.36 11.9 0.57 Accepted 30 My eligion suggests the way of non U 4.34 1.13 L 3.37 1.28 0.13 0.97 7.47 0.4 Accepted violence. 31 I believe that the soul is needed fo the existence of the body. U 3.05 1.30 L 3.17 1.26 0.13 0.12 0.92 0.21 Rejected 32 I cannot contol U 3.59 1.33 my feelings. L 2.57 0.9 0.14 1.02 7.23 0.40 Accepted 33 34 I exploit othes fo gaining money. I believe that the salvation can be achieved by the puification of the soul. U 4.34 1.08 L 2.85 1.03 U 4.56 0.61 L 3.1 1.16 0.12 1.49 12.5 0.57 Accepted 0.07 1.46 19.7 0.68 Accepted 113

S. 35 Statements Level Mean I believe that the paye is the food fo the Standad Deviation U 4.67 0.57 soul. L 3.32 1.22 S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.07 1.35 18.8 0.63 Accepted 36 I believe that helping in the difficult time is humanity. U 4.78 0.51 L 3.2 1.11 0.06 1.58 25 0.7 Accepted I keep on tying fo emoving U 4.19 0.78 the 37 supestitions and igid 0.09 1.03 11.3 0.54 Accepted customs L 3.16 1.13 pevalent in the society. I believe that to make the God U 4.64 0.96 38 glad, the 0.11 1.85 16.8 0.64 Accepted animals should be sacificed. L 2.79 1.18 39 40 I always speak U 3.48 0.93 the tuth. L 3.18 1.14 I envy my U 4.12 1.07 fiends. L 2.89 1.13 0.11 0.3 2.82 0.19 Rejected 0.12 1.23 10.3 0.5 Accepted 41 I believe that by doing meditation we U 2.92 1.6 0.17 0.11 0.63 0.04 Rejected can go close to the God. L 3.03 1.17 114

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected I expeience the 42 God s gace behind the success of my each wok. U 4.41 0.75 L 3.31 1.11 0.09 1.1 12.6 0.54 Accepted 43 I give equal espect to each U 4.31 0.73 eligion. L 4.59 0.75 0.08 0.28 3.55-0.1 Rejected 44 The eading of eligious books leads a peson on the coect path. U 4.7 0.5 L 3.41 1.09 0.06 1.29 20.8 0.64 Accepted 45 Paye is the way towads the ealization of the God. U 4.63 0.6 L 3.23 1.29 0.08 1.4 18.4 0.62 Accepted 46 I am awae of my abilities and weaknesses. U 4.2 0.75 L 3.34 1.2 0.09 0.86 9.59 0.47 Accepted I have U 4.51 0.72 47 compassion fo 0.08 1.27 15.2 0.65 Accepted the poo people. L 3.24 1.08 48 Thee is no impact of the eligious U 4.07 1.07 0.12 1.31 10.8 0.49 Accepted thoughts on my pesonality. L 2.76 1.19 115

S. 49 Statements Level Mean I don t spae any time fo meditation yoga. o Standad Deviation U 3.66 1.19 L 2.75 1.14 S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.13 0.91 6.87 0.36 Accepted 50 I attain powe fo doing any wok by doing paye. U 4.33 0.68 L 3.27 1.12 0.08 1.06 13.1 0.54 Accepted 51 I espect the eligion and cultue of the county. U 4.63 0.74 L 3.07 1.32 0.09 1.56 17 0.65 Rejected 52 53 I believe that God exists in eveything. Wheneve commit misdeed, God I any the punishes U 4.16 1.14 L 3.23 1.29 U 2.4 1.18 L 2.64 1.09 0.13 0.93 7.14 0.41 Rejected 0.13 0.24 1.85-0.1 Rejected me. 54 I always ty to associate myself with the God. U 3.73 1.3 L 3.31 0.99 0.14 0.42 3.00 0.25 Rejected I believe that 55 philanthopy and woshiping the God ae the necessity fo U 4.19 0.88 0.1 0.75 7.52 0.39 Accepted achieving L 3.44 1.09 salvation. 116

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 56 I use my money and things fo helping the othes. U 3.84 0.97 L 3.2 1.02 0.11 0.64 5.93 0.37 Rejected I do not like to U 3.95 1.04 57 be pesent in the social L 2.68 1.15 0.12 1.27 10.8 0.48 Accepted occasions. 58 I am poud of my county s cultue. U 4.56 0.89 L 3.3 1.08 0.1 1.26 12.5 0.54 Accepted 59 I keep fasts fo making the God glad. U 3.64 1.41 L 2.69 1.28 0.16 0.95 6.06 0.3 Accepted I do not waste my time in U 4.15 1.04 60 listening to and emoving the 0.12 1.4 11.7 0.54 Accepted suffeings of L 2.75 1.23 the people. 61 I copy in the U 4.13 1.07 exams. L 1.72 1.17 0.12 2.41 19.9 0.74 Accepted 62 I believe that the meditation is the connection with U 4.36 0.8 L 3.69 0.94 0.09 0.67 7.57 0.44 Accepted the God. 117

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected A peson becomes U 3.84 1.18 63 eligious attending eligious by the L 3.32 1.15 0.13 0.52 3.97 0.27 Rejected gatheings. I believe that it is necessay to U 4.07 1.00 64 do the eligious ceemony at the time of maiage and L 3.14 1.14 0.11 0.93 8.26 0.48 Rejected death. 65 I cannot decide U 3.84 1.11 my goal. L 2.92 1.15 0.12 0.92 7.38 0.39 Accepted 66 My inne self becomes pue by doing hymns of God. U 4.17 0.9 L 3.01 1.08 0.1 1.16 11.5 0.54 Accepted 67 68 My beliefs egading vaious eligions get changed by visiting vaious eligious places. I believe that the chaacte is the eal U 3.85 1.05 L 3.17 1.16 U 4.4 0.75 L 3.29 1.07 0.12 0.68 5.73 0.34 Accepted 0.09 1.11 12.8 0.56 Accepted stength. 118

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected I believe that U 4.56 0.71 69 the govens God the L 3.33 1.12 0.08 1.23 14.7 0.56 Accepted whole wold. 70 I do not help anyone who has met with the accident on the oad. U 4.51 0.89 L 2.71 1.23 0.1 1.8 17.3 0.66 Accepted 71 The social gatheings ae the waste of time. U 3.93 1 L 2.68 1.1 0.11 1.25 11.1 0.54 Accepted 72 I am least inteested in eading the eligious books. U 4.38 0.82 L 2.83 1.05 0.09 1.55 16.7 0.64 Accepted 73 74 75 I pay at home U 4.12 1.03 evey day. L 3.05 1.1 My faith in the God gets U 3.98 1.02 stonge by going to the temple evey L 3.32 1.14 day. My changed emotions get U 4.09 0.84 expessed by my behaviou. L 3.36 1.03 119 0.12 1.07 9.27 0.49 Rejected 0.12 0.66 5.71 0.33 Accepted 0.09 0.73 7.69 0.44 Rejected

S. 76 Statements Level Mean I am feaed of committing the misdeed attending eligious pogammes. by the Standad Deviation U 3.91 1.07 L 3.45 1.06 S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.12 0.46 3.88 0.28 Rejected 77 Thee ae moe disadvantages of doing yoga than its U 4.35 1.03 L 2.77 1.1 0.11 1.58 13.7 0.6 Accepted advantages. The eligious 78 ceemonies ae necessay fo woshiping the God. U 3.14 1.32 L 3.18 1.27 0.15 0.04 0.27 0.03 Rejected 79 I have too much love fo my life. U 4.45 0.92 L 3.15 1.17 0.11 1.3 12.3 0.58 Accepted 80 My pesonality has become eligious by the contact with the eligious Guus. U 3.78 1.12 L 3.16 1.05 0.12 0.62 5.04 0.34 Rejected 81 I do not do such deed fo which my inne self gets distubed. U 4.37 0.97 L 3.19 1.15 0.11 1.18 10.7 0.55 Accepted 82 I give my time fo the social woks. U 4.16 0.85 L 3.27 1.15 0.1 0.89 9.03 0.43 Accepted 120

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 83 I get self satisfaction by helping the people. U 4.57 0.57 L 3.23 1.2 0.07 1.34 18.7 0.62 Accepted 84 I live with self espect. U L 4.52 0.81 3.25 1.18 0.09 1.27 13.4 0.57 Accepted 85 I believe that the salvation is the ultimate U 4.00 0.97 0.11 0.71 6.48 0.36 Accepted aim of the peson. L 3.29 1.10 I believe that a peson cannot U 3.43 1.29 86 be eligious made with 0.14 0.85 6.01 0.33 Rejected the help of the eligious books. L 2.58 1.11 87 I do not get self satisfaction by doing the payes o woship. U 4.20 0.88 L 2.56 1.21 0.10 1.64 16 0.58 Accepted 88 I can get espect fom the othes. U 4.11 0.89 L 3.34 1.19 0.10 0.77 7.44 0.43 Rejected 89 I get ceative thoughts by U 4.3 0.63 0.07 0.05 0.68 0.12 Rejected meditation. L 4.25 1.05 121

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 90 I feel happy by associating myself with the sevice to the mankind. U 4.35 0.66 L 3.57 0.97 0.08 0.78 10.4 0.51 Accepted 91 I am satisfied as U 4.53 0.78 I am. L 3.48 1.1 0.09 1.05 11.6 0.54 Accepted Thee is no impact of the U 3.98 0.89 92 peaching of the eligious 0.1 1.15 11.3 0.47 Accepted Guus (Mastes) on L 2.83 1.14 me. 93 When I go to a temple I don t ealize the U 4.16 0.84 0.1 1.49 15.4 0.58 Accepted pesence of the L 2.67 1.13 God thee. 94 I emain happy in any kind of the situation. U 3.77 1.01 L 3.27 1.02 0.11 0.5 4.48 0.28 Rejected 95 I am inteested in the social ituals and customs. U 3.85 0.96 L 2.92 1.11 0.11 0.93 8.62 0.48 Accepted 96 I do any wok with self confidence. U 4.35 0.79 L 3.1 1.01 0.09 1.25 14 0.63 Accepted 122

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected I believe that all the eligions U 4.67 0.68 97 teach to live with love, compassion, mecy and non L 3.42 1.2 0.08 1.25 15.1 0.6 Accepted violence. 98 I get mixed up with the people easily. U 4.44 0.7 L 3.24 0.98 0.08 1.2 15.1 0.64 Accepted 99 I cannot eceive sympathy and love easily fom othes. U 3.94 1.09 L 2.64 1.15 0.12 1.3 10.6 0.47 Accepted The God shows U 4.21 0.9 100 me a way in the woks that I do in my life. L 3.28 1.15 0.1 0.93 9.01 0.46 Rejected 101 I believe that eading of the eligious books U 3.82 1.44 0.16 1.07 6.8 0.35 Accepted is a waste of time. L 2.75 1.17 102 I am willing to be associated with the welfae centes U 3.94 0.78 L 3.16 1.09 0.09 0.78 8.69 0.41 Rejected 123

S. 103 104 105 Statements Level Mean I do not like to watch the pogammes of yoga and meditation that ae telecast on TV. I have attained the eal meaning of the eligion attending vaious eligious gatheings. by I do not behave in such a manne that ceates poblem fo othes. Standad Deviation U 3.93 0.92 L 2.72 1.26 U 3.91 0.88 L 3.25 1.24 U 4.24 0.92 L 3.45 1.1 S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.11 1.21 11.2 0.47 Accepted 0.10 0.66 6.35 0.33 Accepted 0.1 0.79 7.62 0.43 Rejected 106 I do not conside wong things of the tainted eligious mastes. U 3.28 1.28 L 3.03 1.27 0.14 0.25 1.73 0.20 Rejected 107 I like to attend the yoga U 2.91 1.61 0.16 0.11 0.69 0.04 Rejected wokshops. L 3.02 1.17 108 I get inspied to visit the temples by watching the eligious films. U 3.87 1.00 L 3.26 1.24 0.11 0.61 5.31 0.31 Accepted 124

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected I get inspiation U 4.31 0.68 109 fom the God fo doing each L 3.22 1.19 0.08 1.09 13.3 0.54 Accepted wok. 110 I help the weake sections of the society. U 4.01 0.81 L 3.21 1.15 0.09 0.8 8.47 0.46 Rejected 111 I behave equally with the pesons of each class and U 4.52 0.61 L 3.29 1.17 0.07 1.23 16.5 0.58 Accepted eligion. 112 My pesonality is not U 4.18 1.01 impessive. L 2.82 1.11 0.11 1.36 12 0.56 Accepted 113 I become sad by watching the suffeings of the othes. U 4.49 0.73 L 3.23 1.15 0.09 1.26 14.6 0.6 Accepted 114 The God shows me the way ahead in all the U 4.38 0.75 0.09 1.03 12.1 0.54 Accepted situations of my life. L 3.35 1.04 115 My concentation U 4.52 0.76 inceases with the help of meditation. L 3.26 1.17 125 0.09 1.26 14.1 0.58 Accepted

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 116 I cannot fogive the peson who U 3.5 1.2 huts me. L 2.79 1.24 0.14 0.71 5.26 0.31 Rejected 117 I do not have any faith in eligious beliefs. U 3.89 1.06 L 1.8 1.09 0.12 2.09 17.7 0.68 Accepted 118 I believe that the sevice of mankind is eal eligion. U 4.47 0.89 L 3.4 1.11 0.1 1.07 10.6 0.45 Rejected I do not like to be associated U 3.79 0.85 119 with the any itual 0.1 1.08 11 0.48 Rejected woshiping L 2.71 1.13 oganization. 120 I do not know the aim of my life. U 4.3 0.78 L 2.87 1.08 0.09 1.43 16 0.58 Accepted 121 I cannot get the wok done fom my fiends. U 3.69 1.01 L 2.77 1.19 0.12 0.92 7.99 0.43 Rejected 122 I help someone only if I get any benefit fom it. U 4.08 1.1 L 2.91 1.15 0.12 1.17 9.48 0.47 Accepted 123 I feel uneasiness fom inside. U 3.51 1.25 L 2.76 1.12 0.14 0.75 5.44 0.28 Accepted 126

S. 124 Statements Level Mean I begin my day by emembeing the name of the God. Standad Deviation U 4.63 0.62 L 3.06 1.11 S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 0.07 1.57 21.2 0.68 Accepted 125 I enjoy watching the suffeings o difficulties of U 4.6 0.77 L 2.94 1.24 0.09 1.66 18.1 0.58 Accepted the people. 126 I am awae of U 4.28 0.78 my values and beliefs. L 3.35 1.16 0.09 0.93 10.2 0.49 Accepted 127 I do not believe in eincanation. U 3.15 1.37 L 3.13 1.22 0.15 0.02 0.13 0.04 Rejected 128 The God always punishes me. U 3.8 1.21 L 2.89 1.27 0.14 0.91 6.65 0.36 Accepted 129 I believe in the equality of all eligions. U 4.08 1.31 L 2.87 1.2 0.15 1.21 8.3 0.44 Accepted 130 I do not like to do the sevice of the society. U 4.38 1.02 L 2.96 1.21 0.12 1.42 12.1 0.53 Accepted 131 I help the blind o handicap people in cossing the U 4.42 0.72 L 3.14 1.09 0.08 1.28 15.2 0.63 Accepted oad. 127

S. Statements Level Mean Standad Deviation S Ed Mean Diffeence t- value Accepted / Rejected 132 I do not actively paticipate in the assembly paye of the college. U 4.41 0.94 L 2.6 1.19 0.11 1.81 16.80 0.66 Accepted 133 134 I believe that by seving the people one do not get punya of seving the God. I feel that the God is with me while doing each of my U 4.00 1.26 L 2.58 1.19 U 4.36 0.78 L 3.56 1.04 0.14 1.42 10.10 0.47 Rejected 0.09 0.8 9.03 0.44 Rejected wok. 135 Accoding to me the soul of a man is etenal. U 4.48 0.93 L 3.27 1.32 0.11 1.21 10.90 0.48 Accepted Accoding to Table - 5.5 the eseache had calculated t-value and coelation fo each statement. Statistical analysis on Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale was conducted. Then accoding to t-value, coelation and on the basis of acceptance and ejection, the statements wee aanged in highest t-value to lowest value. 5.3.6 Final Fom of the Scale Accoding to Table-5.6 given below, final fom of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale was pepaed by the eseache. Reseache had decided that statements having t-value highe than 2.58 and coelation highe than 0.30 wee selected fo final scale. Total 10 statements fom each dimension (6 positive and 4 Negative statements) wee consideed in the final fom of the scale. Statements selected fo the final fom of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale ae shown in table-5.6 128

Table-5.6 Statements Selected in Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value DIMENSSION- 1 God and Religious 1 124 I begin my day by emembeing the name of the Positive 04 21.20 0.68 God. 2 35 I believe that the paye is the food fo the soul. Positive 23 18.80 0.63 129 3 45 Paye is the way towads the ealization of the God. Positive 08 18.40 0.62 4 69 I believe that the God govens the whole wold. Positive 37 14.70 0.56 5 109 I get inspiation fom the God fo doing each wok. Positive 86 13.30 0.54 6 7 8 66 My inne self becomes pue by doing hymns of God. 02 Doing the Bhajan Kitan (Holy woship/hymns of God) is a wastage of time. 132 I do not actively paticipate in the assembly paye of the college. Positive 77 11.50 0.54 Negative 15 19.80 0.71 Negative 69 16.80 0.66 129

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 9 87 I do not get self satisfaction by doing the payes o woship. Negative 60 16.00 0.58 10 25 I don t believe in God. Negative 49 15.00 0.63 DIMENSSION- 2 Self-Awaeness 1 96 I do any wok with self confidence. Positive 02 14.00 0.63 2 84 I live with self espect. Positive 89 13.40 0.57 3 79 I have too much love fo my life. Positive 11 12.30 0.58 130 4 91 I am satisfied as I am. Positive 03 11.60 0.54 5 81 I do not do such deed fo which my inne self gets Positive 81 10.70 0.55 distubed. 6 46 I am awae of my abilities and weaknesses. Positive 24 09.59 0.47 7 112 My pesonality is not impessive. Negative 21 12.00 0.56 8 99 I cannot eceive sympathy and love easily fom Negative 52 10.60 0.47 othes. 9 65 I cannot decide my goal. Negative 10 07.38 0.39 10 32 I cannot contol my feelings. Negative 45 07.23 0.40 130

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value DIMESSION-3 Religious Concept 131 1 97 I believe that all the eligions teach to live with love, Positive 20 15.10 0.60 compassion, mecy and non violence. 2 01 I celebate evey eligious festival enthusiastically. Positive 14 13.50 0.54 3 129 I believe in the equality of all eligions. Positive 07 08.30 0.44 4 55 I believe that philanthopy and woshiping the God Positive 27 07.52 0.39 ae the necessity fo achieving salvation. 5 30 My eligion suggests the way of non violence. Positive 22 07.47 0.40 6 85 I believe that the salvation is the ultimate aim of the Positive 34 06.48 0.36 peson. 7 117 I do not have any faith in eligious beliefs. Negative 01 17.70 0.68 8 38 I believe that to make the God glad, the animals Negative 74 16.80 0.64 should be sacificed. 9 11 I don t accept the impotance of the othe eligion. Negative 90 14.90 0.57 10 59 I keep fasts fo making the God glad. Negative 70 06.06 0.30 131

132 S. 1 Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement DIMESSION-4 Spiitual Changes 44 The eading of eligious books leads a peson on the coect path. 16 By attending the Satsang (Spiitual Discouse), the 2 vitues like compassion, mecy and honesty ae developed in me. 3 104 I have attained the eal meaning of the eligion by 4 5 6 attending vaious eligious gatheings. 67 My beliefs egading vaious eligions get changed by visiting vaious eligious places. 74 My faith in the God gets stonge by going to the temple evey day. 108 I get inspied to visit the temples by watching the eligious films. Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value Positive 31 20.80 0.64 Positive 46 11.20 0.52 Positive 26 06.35 0.33 Positive 33 05.73 0.34 Positive 83 05.71 0.33 Positive 41 05.31 0.31 7 72 I am least inteested in eading the eligious books. Negative 40 16.70 0.64 8 92 Thee is no impact of the peaching of the eligious Guus (Mastes) on me. Negative 80 11.30 0.47 132

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 133 9 48 Thee is no impact of the eligious thoughts on my Negative 05 10.80 0.49 pesonality. 10 101 I believe that eading of the eligious books is a Negative 13 06.80 0.35 waste of time. DIMESSION-5 Religious Expeience 1 50 I attain powe fo doing any wok by doing paye. Positive 87 13.10 0.54 2 3 4 5 42 I expeience the God s gace behind the success of my each wok. Positive 82 12.60 0.54 05 I can have the ealization of God by woshiping o Positive 25 12.50 0.48 paying Him. 114 The God shows me the way ahead in all the Positive 78 12.10 0.54 situations of my life. 13 I feel the existence of the God in evey element of Positive 88 12.10 0.53 the natue. 6 12 I feel being close to the God. Positive 29 08.28 0.45 133

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 134 7 93 When I go to a temple I don t ealize the pesence of Negative 71 15.40 0.58 the God thee. 8 14 The God does not give the appopiate ewad of my Negative 84 10.80 0.52 wok. 9 128 The God always punishes me. Negative 19 06.65 0.38 10 123 I feel uneasiness fom inside. Negative 38 5.44 0.28 DIMESSION-6 Values 1 47 I have compassion fo the poo people. Positive 43 15.20 0.65 2 113 I become sad by watching the suffeings of the Positive 30 14.60 0.60 othes. 3 68 I believe that the chaacte is the eal stength. Positive 85 12.80 0.56 4 58 I am poud of my county s cultue. Positive 75 12.50 0.54 5 126 I am awae of my values and beliefs. Positive 12 10.20 0.49 6 21 I don t believe in the diffeences of eligion and Positive 09 06.83 0.37 ace. 134

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 7 61 I copy in the exams. Negative 06 19.90 0.74 8 33 I exploit othes fo gaining money. Negative 28 12.50 0.57 9 29 I don t keep the pomises given to othes. Negative 66 11.90 0.57 135 10 40 I envy my fiends. Negative 55 10.30 0.50 1 DIMESSION-7 Helping Natue 36 I believe that helping in the difficult time is Positive 32 25.00 0.70 humanity. 2 83 I get self satisfaction by helping the people. Positive 39 18.70 0.62 3 4 5 6 04 The sevice done without any expectation is the eal sevice. Positive 36 17.20 0.63 131 I help the blind o handicap people in cossing the Positive 67 15.20 0.63 oad. 90 I feel happy by associating myself with the sevice Positive 58 10.40 0.51 to the mankind. 23 I believe that The sevice of the People is the Positive 48 06.31 0.37 sevice to the God 135

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 136 7 125 I enjoy watching the suffeings o difficulties of the people. Negative 79 18.10 0.58 8 70 I do not help anyone who has met with the accident on the oad. Negative 76 17.30 0.66 9 60 I do not waste my time in listening to and emoving Negative 62 11.70 0.54 the suffeings of the people. 10 122 I help someone only if I get any benefit fom it. Negative 47 09.48 0.47 1 2 DIMESSION-8 Social Matuity 19 I believe that each peson has unique impotance in the society. 111 I behave equally with the pesons of each class and eligion. Positive 16 16.50 0.61 Positive 72 16.50 0.58 3 98 I get mixed up with the people easily. Positive 44 15.10 0.64 37 I keep on tying fo emoving the supestitions and Positive 57 11.30 0.54 4 igid customs pevalent in the society. 5 82 I give my time fo the social woks. Positive 65 09.03 0.43 6 95 I am inteested in the social ituals and customs. Positive 73 08.62 0.48 136

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 7 130 I do not like to do the sevice of the society. Negative 35 12.10 0.53 8 71 The social gatheings ae the waste of time. Negative 42 11.10 0.54 9 57 I do not like to be pesent in the social occasions. Negative 68 10.80 0.48 10 10 I cannot easily mix up with the people in society. Negative 18 09.05 0.43 DIMESSION-9 Soul, Meditation and Yoga 137 1 2 3 34 I believe that the salvation can be achieved by the puification of the soul. Positive 54 19.70 0.68 3 I believe that the diseases can be cued with the help Positive 64 15.30 0.57 of Yoga. 115 My concentation inceases with the help of Positive 59 14.10 0.58 meditation. 4 135 Accoding to me the soul of a man is etenal. Positive 50 10.90 0.48 5 22 My inne abilities ae developed by meditation and Positive 56 10.60 0.2 yoga. 137

S. Statements In Pimay Spiitual Intelligence Scale Statements Type of Statement Statement In Final Fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale t-value 6 62 I believe that the meditation is the connection with Positive 61 07.57 0.44 the God. 7 49 I don t spae any time fo meditation o yoga. Negative 63 06.87 0.36 138 8 120 I do not know the aim of my life. Negative 17 16.00 0.58 9 10 77 Thee ae moe disadvantages of doing yoga than its advantages. Negative 51 13.70 0.60 103 Thee ae moe disadvantages of doing yoga than its Negative 53 11.20 0.47 advantages. 138

Accoding to table-5.6 total 90 statements wee selected fo the final fom of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale. Afte discussion with the guide and expets, the eseache had decided to select 10 statements fom each dimension. Out of 10 statements 06 positive statements and 04 negative statements having high t-value and coelation() wee selected and emaining statements wee consideed to be ejected fo final fom of spiitual intelligence scale. Final fom of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale in Gujaati Vesion is attached in Appendix-C and English Vesion is attached in Appendix-C (I). 5.3.7 Scoing Method of the Scale Afte pepaing final fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale the detemination of method of scoing of the scale is vey impotant. So, eseach had finalized the scoing method shown in Table-5. 7. Table-5.7 Method of Scoing of Final fom of Spiitual Intelligence Scale S. Type of Statement SCORES Statement Stongly Agee Agee Neutal Disagee Stongly Disagee 1 Positive 02,03,04,07,08,09,11,12,14, 16,22,23,24,25,26,27,29,30, 31,32, 33,34,36,37,39,41, 43, 44,46,48,50,54,56,57, 5 4 3 2 1 58, 59, 61, 64, 65, 67, 72, 73, 75,77,78,81,82,83,85, 86, 87,88,89 2 Negative 1, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 28, 35, 38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, 55, 60, 62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 70,71,74, 76, 79, 80, 84, 90 1 2 3 4 5 Note : t Statements on which moe than one esponse is given o no esponse given ae scoed zeo maks. t Based on the above, the total scoe fo each student is obtained. 139

5.3.8 Manual fo Spiitual Intelligence Scale Afte final fom of spiitual intelligence scale pepaed investigato had pepaed manual fo this scale. Which consist of Scoing methods, eliability, validity and noms of the scale. Manual is attached in Appendix-D. 5.4.0 Conclusion In the pesent chapte, vaious steps of constuction of the Spiitual Intelligence Scale like dimensions, constuction of statements, eview of the statements by expets, Pe-Piloting of the Scale, Pilot tyout of the Scale, Item Analysis, Final Fom of the Scale, Method of Scoing Scale ae discussed in detail. 140