WAR WITH CARTHAGE THE PUNIC WAR

WAR WITH CARTHAGE THE PUNIC WAR

CAUSES TRADE DISPUTE DISPUTE IN SICILY

ACTUAL START 1. PIRATES ATTACK MESSINA WHICH APPEALS TO ROME, CARTHAGE AND SYRACUS. 2. BY THE TIME THE ROMAN ARMY ARRIVES THE PIRATES HAVE WON AND ARE BEING ATTACKED BY CARTHAGE 3. PIRATES ASK FOR ROMAN HELP WHO DECIDE TO ASSIST BECAUSE THEY DON T WANT CARTHAGE TO CONTROL MESSINA

EARLY ADVANTAGES CARTHAGE TOP NAVAL POWER WITH ROME HAVING 0 SHIPS ROME SUPERIOR ON LAND

NAVAL WAR

FIRST PUNIC WAR 264 B.C.E.-241 B.C.E

BATTLES 260BCE BATTLE MYLAE-ROMAN VICTORY FIRST USE OF CORVUS 256BCE BATTLE ECNOMUS, ROMAN VICTORY WHICH ALLOWED THE ROMAN ARMY TO LAND IN AFRICA CARTHAGE SUED FOR PEACE BUT ROMAN TERMS WERE TOO HARSH

BATTLES 255 BCE BATTLE OF TUNIS, MERCENARY GENERAL XANTHIPPUS DEFEATS THE ROMANS 250BCE BATTLE PANORMUS A ROMAN VICTORY 249BCE BATTLE DREPANUM A ROMAN DEFEAT FINAL VICTORY BATTLE OF AEGADIAN ISLES 241 BCE

PEACE TREATY ROME RECEIVES SICILY 3,200 TALENTS OF GOLD OVER 10 YEARS STOP RECRUITING MERCENARIES IN ITALY AGREE NOT TO ATTACK EACH OTHERS ALLIES KEEP THEIR SHIPS OUT OF ITALIAN WATER

BETWEEN THE WARS

MERCENARY WAR IN CARTHAGE WON BY HAMLICAR BARCA CARTHAGE TAKES OVER SPAIN BARCA SONS; MAGO, HASDRUBAL, AND HANNIBAL RAISED AND DEDICATED TO ROME S DESTRUCTION 226 BCE EBRO TREATY BETWEEN ROME AND CARTHAGE.EBRO RIVER IS THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ROMAN AND CARTHAGINIAN AREAS

SECOND PUNIC WAR 218 B.C.E-201 B.C.E

HANNIBAL S ARMY

CELTIBERIANS

NUMIDIANS

MERCENARY TROOPS

CAUSE:REVENGE STARTED BY HANNIBAL CROSSING EBRO RIVER

HANNIBAL S ARMY 50,000 MEN 9,000 CAVAKRY 37 WAR ELEPHANTS AFTER EARLY BATTLES ARMY REDUCED TO 26,000

PHASE 1

HANNIBAL S ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES SUPERIOR GENERAL SUPERIOR CAVALRY BUT UNABLE TO RECEIVE REINFORCEMENTS

ROME S ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES VAST MANPOWER RESERVES CONTROL OF THE SEA CAN TAKE THE WAR TO SPAIN OR AFRICA WEAK GENERALS EARLY IN THE WAR WEAK CAVALRY

PHASE 2

BATTLE OF TREBIA HANNIBAL ARMY 56,000 VS PUBLIUS SCIPIO AND SEMPRONIUS 40,000 ROMANS DEFEATED RETREATING WITH ONLY 10,000 TROOPS ALL NORTHERN ITALY NOW IN HANNIBAL S HANDS

TREBIA TODAY

BATTLE LAKE TRASIMENE 217BCE HANNIBAL 40,000 TROOPS FLAMINIUS 36,000 TROOPS FLAMINIUS LURED INTO A TRAP AND AMBUSHED

FABIAN TACTICS SENATE SELECTS QUINTAS FABIUS AS DICTATOR HE INSTITUTES FABIAN TACTICS WHICH ARE HARASS HANNIBAL CUT HIS SUPPLIES BUT DON T FIGHT HIM, WEAR HIM OUT

HANNIBAL S COUNTER PLAN DICTATOR HAS TO BE RENEWED EVERY 6 MONTHS BEGAN ATTACKING THE ESTATES OF THE MEMBERS OF THE SENATE RUINING THEIR LAND AND WEALTH FORCING THE SENATE TO BECOME MORE AGRESSIVE

BATTLE OF CANNAE 216BCE HANNIBAL 50,000 TROOPS ROME 86,000 A. CONSUL AEMILIUS PAULUS B. CONSUL TERENTIUS VARRO

AFTERMATH HANNIBAL S LOSSES 5,700 ROME 70,000 KILLED A. PAULUS KILLED B. 25 MAJOR OFFICIERS C. 80 SENATORS(28%) CITY OF ROME DEFENSELESS

HANNIBAL S FATAL ERROR DID NOT ATTACK ROME WANTED TO HAVE ALL HER ALLIES DESERT ROME AND THEN FINISH ROME OFF LATER FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH MACEDONIA

ROME S RESPONSE BACK TO FABIAN TACTICS ATTACK ANY ALLY THAT SWITCHED SIDES AS AN EXAMPLE TO OTHERS MOVE THE WAR TO SPAIN

PHASE 3

PHASE 4

BATTLE METAURUS RIVER 207BCE HASDRUBAL WITH A. 14,000 SPANISH VETERANS B. 8,000 LIGURIANS C. 10,000 GAULS D. 1,000 NUMIDIANS E. 10 ELEPHANTS ROME GAIUS NERO & MARCUS LIVIUS 40,000 INFANTRY 2,500 CAVALRY

ROMAN VICTORY

ROME ON THE ATTACK ROME LANDS AN ARMY IN NORTH AFRICA CARTHAGE ORDERS HANNIBAL HOME ROME ALLOWS HANNIBAL TO LEAVE ROME BUYS OFF HANNIBAL S AFRICAN ALLIES

BATTLE OF ZAMA 202BCE HANNIBAL 24,000 VETERANS, 4,000 CAVALRY,10,000 LIGURIANS, 10,000 CITIZENS OF CARTHAGE, 80 ELEPHANTS ROME P. CORNELIUS SCIPIO 36,000 INFANTRY AND 8,000 CAVALRY

P.C. SCIPIO HANNIBAL

AFTERMATH ZAMA HANNIBAL DEFEATED BUT ALLOWED TO ESCAPE BY SCIPIO CARTHAGE SUES FOR PEACE HANNIBAL SPENDS THE REST OF HIS LIFE FIGHTING ROME UNTIL HE COMMITS SUICIDE IN 182 BCE TO KEEP FROM BEING CAPTURED(64YEARS OLD

TREATY CARTHAGE LOSES ALL TERRITORY OUTSIDE OF AFRICA NUMIDIA INDEPENDENT AND AN ALLY OF ROME CARTHAGE NAVY REDUCED TO 10 SHIPS 10,000 TALENT INDEMNITY TO BE PAID IN 50 YEARS CARTHAGE CANNOT MAKE WAR WITHOUT ROME S PERMISSION

THIRD PUNIC WAR 149 B.C.E.-146 B.C.E

149-146 BCE END OF CARTHAGE CARTHAGE ATTACKED NUMIDIA IN SELF DEFENSE ROME DECLARES WAR THREE YEARS OF FIGHTING AND CARTHAGE IS WIPED OUT NO TREATY FOR THIS WAR

CONSEQUENCES OF THE PUNIC WARS ON ROME ITALY DEVASTATED SMALL FARMERS WIPED OUT LARGE FARMS, LATFUNDIA COME IN CONSTANT WAR NOW THAT ROME IS SO LARGE AND THREATENS NEIGHBORS GOVERNMENT NOT DESIGNED FOR CONTROL OF AN EMPIRE