Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary CH760: Readings in Revivals and Awakenings in Global Christianity Charlotte Campus: Spring 2018 Course Description: Readings in Revivals and Awakenings in Global Christianity provides the student with a grasp of how the four Great Awakenings of the last 300 years have shaped American and global Christianity from 1720 to the present. This course also helps students interact with movements of renewal that have impacted Christianity over the past 300 years, as well as explore aspects of those movements at a deeper level through their reading and research. Semester beginning and ending dates: Spring 2018 semester begins on Tuesday, January 16, 2018 and ends on Monday, May 7. May 7 is your final due date for all Spring 2018 course work including work for this class. Let me encourage you to begin your course reading on or before January 16. Class Meetings: This is a readings course that will meet three times. Each class meeting will be for two hours from 5:00 to 7:00 p.m. on the following three Saturday evenings: February 3, March 3, and April 7. Textbooks: Richard E. Lovelace, Dynamics of Spiritual Life: An Evangelical Theology of Renewal (Downer s Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1979), 455 pp. ISBN: 978-0-87784-626-0. Robert W. Caldwell III, Theologies of the American Revivalists: From Whitefield to Finney. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2017), ISBN: 978-0-8308-5165-5. Shaw, Mark R. Global Awakening: How 20 th Century Revivals Triggered a Christian Revolution. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2010), 221pp. 978-0-8308-3877-6. Timothy L. Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War. (Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock, 2004), 254 pp. ISBN: 978-1-59244-998-9. Course Requirements: Students who are taking the course for credit are required to attend the three two-hour class sessions, to write two brief research papers, and to complete at least 2,500 pages of reading related to Revivals and Awakenings. (A reading report will be due on the last day that coursework may be submitted for the Spring semester on May 7, 2018.) Students should consult the course bibliography in this syllabus regarding reading choices. In addition, it will be expected that students will focus their reading on their research for their papers. There will be no examinations. For your course reading, approximately 1,200 pages will be from your required textbooks, 450 pages from other readings listed in the course bibliography, and your final 850 pages from works you will read as part of the research for your two course papers. Please note the annotated bibliography assignment described later in the course syllabus. 1
Research Papers: Each student will be asked to write two research papers for the course. Research papers should be prepared according to the standards found in the eighth edition of Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013). Each student should own a copy of Turabian for consultation as you prepare your research paper. 1. The first paper (due by second class meeting on March 3. should focus on one significant leader in a revival or awakening movement. Research should include the reading of at least one major biography of the person and at least one major piece of writing by that person. The paper should consist of a seven-page biographical sketch of the person you have studied, a two-to-three page summary of specific ways (both positive and negative) in which your individual's life and work might be of help to you in your future ministry, and a bibliography listing the research materials you have read and cited as part of your research. Suggestions for biographical papers include but are not limited to Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Charles Finney, Richard Allen, William Miller, Phoebe Palmer, Carl F. H. Henry, Henrietta Mears, Dwight L. Moody, Timothy Dwight, Isaac Backus, and William Seymour. (40 percent of your course grade.) Biographical topic: At our first class meeting on February 3, 2018, the instructor will ask you to identify the individual on whom you choose to write. Students should select an individual for whom there is ample access to primary source material and secondary literature. With the instructor s approval, you are free to choose any individual related to a major revival within evangelical Christianity over the past 300 years. If you wish to write about someone from your Christian or denominational tradition, you are welcome to do that with approval from your instructor. 2. The second paper (due with your reading report on the last day that work can be submitted for the Spring semester, May 7, 2018) should describe one major revival or explore one significant theme in the history of revivals. Length of your paper should be 15-20 pages and research should include the use of both primary and secondary materials. The paper should consist of a description and analysis of the particular revival or theme you have selected and a summary of its implications for ministry in contemporary life. Include a bibliography of resources that you have consulted and cited as part of your research and writing. Suggestions for your research paper include but are not limited to: The Asbury Revival of 1970-71; the Korean Revival of 1907-08, the Prayer Revival of 1857; the social and cultural implications of the First Great Awakening; George Whitefield s preaching weekend in Northampton, MA and his visits with Jonathan Edwards; and the Yale University revival led by Timothy Dwight. (40 percent of your course grade.) Research Paper Topic: At the second class meeting on March 3, 2018, students should bring a one-paragraph description of their research topic. The instructor is available for consultation regarding research topics for both papers and will help provide guidance in terms of potential research topics and materials if needed. 3. Reading annotated bibliography: On the final coursework due date for the Spring semester, May 7, 2018, each student will submit an annotated reading list of all course 2
readings (including the assigned textbook). Each annotation should include a bibliographic entry formatted according to proper Chicago/Turabian format and a four-tofive sentence entry describing the significance of the work. With each bibliographic entry, please include the number of pages that you have read. (20 percent of your course grade.) Personal consultations: The instructor will normally be available both before and after each class session and in his office on Monday, Tuesday, and Friday afternoons of each week. He can be reached by Email at bmayer@gcts.edu, or by phone at (704)940-5821. Please allow 24 to 48 hours for the instructor to respond to you. Content of class meetings: At the first class meeting, we will look at how the First Great Awakening has shaped American evangelicalism. At that meeting, you will be asked to identify the major revival leader you wish to write about for your first paper. That paper will be due at our second class meeting on March 3. At our second class meeting, you will also be asked to prepare and submit a oneparagraph statement of the topic for your second research paper due on Monday, May 7 at the end of the semester. You will describe your research topic to the class at our second class meeting. During that meeting, we will also look at the 19 th century revivals and discuss the work of Timothy Smith and Robert Caldwell in their books assigned to you. At our third class meeting on April 7, we will engage in a discussion of the implications of revival for global Christianity in the 21 st century. By this evening, you should have completed your reading in Lovelace and Shaw as they will form the backdrop for our discussion. I will also ask you to identify readings that you have found especially helpful in thinking about the implications of revival and awakening for congregational life. Academic Standards Cheating and plagiarism are considered serious breaches of personal and academic integrity. Cheating involves, but is not necessarily limited to, the use of unauthorized sources of information during an examination or the submission of the same (or substantially same) work for credit in two or more courses without the knowledge and consent of the instructors. Plagiarism involves the use of another person s distinctive ideas or words, whether published or unpublished, and representing them as one s own instead of giving proper credit to the source. Plagiarism can also involve over dependence on other source material for the scope and substance of one s writing. Such breaches in academic standards often result in a failing grade as well as other corrective measures. For more information, please consult the Student Handbook. 3
ADA Policy The seminary complies with the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. A student with a qualifying and authenticated disability who is in need of accommodations, should petition the seminary in accordance with the stated guidelines in the Student Handbook. In addition, please inform the instructor at our first class meeting. Cancellation of Class In the event the seminary has to cancel a class meeting (impending storm, professor illness, etc.), the Registration Office will send out an email (via the GCTS email account) notification to all students registered in the respective course. If the cancelation occurs the day of the scheduled meeting, the Registration Office will also attempt to contact students via their primary phone contact on record. The professor will contact the students (via GCTS account) regarding make-up. If a weekend class is cancelled, the class will be made up during the scheduled Make-Up weekend (see the academic calendar for the designated dates). For more info, consult your Student Handbook. Extension Policy Arrangements for submission of late work at a date on or before the on or before the last day to submit work for the semester as noted on the seminary s Academic Calendar, are made between the student and professor. Formal petition to the Registration Office is not required at this time. This includes arrangements for the rescheduling of final exams. However, course work (reading and written) to be submitted after the official end date for the semester must be approved by the Registration Office. An extension form, available online, must be submitted to the Registration office after the last day to submit work after the official end of the semester. Requests received after this date will either be denied or incur additional penalty. For a full discussion of this policy, please consult the Student Handbook. Grades Grades are posted on-line within twenty-four hours of receipt from the professor. Students are expected to check their CAMS student portal in order to access posted grades. Those individuals, who need an official grade report issued to a third party, should put their request in writing to the Registration Office. Faculty have six weeks from the course work due date to submit a final grade. 4
Research in Christian History: Bibliographic Resources Christian history is a sub-discipline located within the overall context of historical studies and as such, it uses the research and writing conventions of the academic discipline of history. For presentation of your research papers, you are expected to prepare them according to the standards articulated in: Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers, Eighth edition. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013). Please use the eighth edition of Turabian as it includes the most up-to-date citation formats for electronic and internet resources. Two guides for research and writing are helpful tools for understanding use of sources and methods: James E. Bradley and Richard A. Muller, Church History: An Introduction to Research, Reference Works, and Methods. 2d.ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2016) William Kelleher Storey, Writing History: A Guide for Students. 2d.ed. (New York: Oxford, 2004). For a guide to historical method from a Christian viewpoint, see: David Bebbington, Patterns in History: A Christian Perspective on Historical Thought (Vancouver, BC: Regent College Publishing, 1990). See also: Robert F. Rea, Why Church History Matters: An Invitation to Love and Learn from Our Past (Downer s Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2014). Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America: For this course, you want to become familiar with the most important reference work relating to revivals and awakenings especially in Canada and the United States: Michael L. McClymond, Encyclopedia of Religious Revivals in America 2 vol. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2007). Shelf location: REF. BV3773.E53 2007. Please make use of this important work for help in determining your research subjects and for additional required course reading. 5
Recommended reference works: These works will help you with initial research and can be especially helpful in locating initial bibliography for your research subjects. Stanley M. Burgess, ed. The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements. Revised and expanded edition. (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2001). Donald M. Lewis, ed. Dictionary of Evangelical Biography 1730-1860 2 vol. (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2004). Marvin A. McMickle, An Encyclopedia of African American Christian Heritage (Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 2002). Daniel G. Reid, ed., Dictionary of Christianity in America (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1990). Edwin S. Gaustad, Historical Atlas of Religion in America Rev.ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1976). Nelson R. Burr, A Critical Bibliography of Religion in America, 2 vols. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961). Charles H. Lippy and Peter W. Williams, eds., Encyclopedia of the American Religious Experience: Studies of Traditions and Movements, 3 vols. (New York: Scribners, 1988). Frank S. Mead, Handbook of Denominations in the United States (Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, most recent edition). Collections of Documents: Primary source documents that include many of the most important materials related to Christianity in America. Edwin S. Gaustad, ed., A Documentary History of Religion in America, 2 vols. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1982-1983). H.S. Smith, R.T. Handy and L.A. Loetscher, eds., American Christianity: An Historical Interpretation with Representative Documents, 2 vols. (New York: Scribner's, 1960). David A. Hollinger and Charles Capper, eds., The American Intellectual Tradition, 2 vols. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993). Keith J. Hardman, Issues in American Christianity: Primary Sources with Introductions (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1993). 6
Ronald C. White, Louis B. Weeks and Garth M. Rosell, American Christianity. (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1986). Textbooks in American Religious History: Douglas A. Sweeney, The American Evangelical Story: A History of the Movement (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2005). Gary Dorrien, The Making of American Liberal Theology 3 vol. (Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox, 2001-2006. Mark A. Noll, A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1992).. The Old Religion in the New World: The History of North American Christianity (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2001). Mark A. Noll, Nathan O. Hatch, George M. Marsden, David F. Wells, and John D. Woodbridge, eds., Eerdmans' Handbook to Christianity in America (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1983). Martin E. Marty, Modern American Religion, 3 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986-1996). Nancy Koester, Introduction to the History of Christianity in the United States: Revised and Expanded Edition. (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2015). Sidney E. Mead, The Lively Experiment: The Shaping of Christianity in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1963). Leonard I. Sweet, ed., The Evangelical Tradition in America (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1984). The Puritans Perry Miller, Errand into the Wilderness (New York: Harper Torch Books, 1964). Edmund S. Morgan, Visible Saints (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1965). Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, The Practice of Piety: Puritan Devotional Disciplines in Seventeenth-Century New England (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982). Francis J. Bremer, Puritanism: A Very Short Introduction (New York: Oxford, 2009). Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson, eds., The Puritans: A Sourcebook of Their Writings (Mineola, NY: Dover Publications, 2001). 7
James I. Packer, A Quest for Godliness: The Puritan Vision of the Christian Life (Westchester, IL: Crossway, 2010). Leland Ryken, Worldly Saints: The Puritans as They Really Were (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1990). The First Great Awakening Charles Chauncy, "Enthusiasm Described and Cautioned Against" (1742) and "Seasonable Thoughts on the State of Religion" (1743) in Heimert and Miller, The Great Awakening pp. 228-256 and 291-304. (Background material can be found in Charles H. Lippy, Seasonable Thoughts: The Mind of Charles Chauncy (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1981). Jonathan Edwards, "The Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit" (1741) and "Thoughts on the Revival of Religion" (1742), in Heimert and Miller, pp. 204-213 and 263-290. (Background materials can be found in Iain H. Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1987). Linford D. Fisher, The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cultures in Early America (New York: Oxford, 2012). Thomas S. Kidd, The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America (New Haven, CT: Yale, 2007).. George Whitefield: America s Founding Spiritual Father (New Haven, CT: Yale, 2014). Arnold A. Dallimore, George Whitefield: God's Anointed Servant in the Great Revival of the Eighteenth Century (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1990). George M. Marsden, Jonathan Edwards: A Life (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003). George Marsden, A Shorter Life of Jonathan Edwards (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2008). Iain H. Murray, Jonathan Edwards: A New Biography (Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth Trust, 1987). Stephen J. Stein, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Jonathan Edwards (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007). Lee Gatiss, ed. The Sermons of George Whitefield 2 vol. (Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2012). Thomas S. Kidd, George Whitefield: America s Spiritual Founding Father (New Haven, CT: Yale, 2014). 8
Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996). Alan Heimert and Perry Miller, The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and its Consequences (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967). George Whitefield's Journals (Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth, 1989). Nathan O. Hatch and Harry S. Stout, eds., Jonathan Edwards and the American Experience (New York: Oxford, 1988). Bernard A. Weisberger, They Gathered at the River: The Story of the Great Revivalists and Their Impact Upon Religion in America (Boston: Little, Brown, 1958). Charles H. Maxson, The Great Awakening in the Middle Colonies (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1920). Edwin Scott Gaustad, The Great Awakening in New England (New York: Harper and Row, 1957). Wesley M. Gewehr, The Great Awakening in Virginia (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1930). Robert G. Tuttle, Jr. John Wesley: His Life and Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1978). Kenneth J. Collins, John Wesley: A Theological Journey (Nashville, TN: Abingdon, 2003). John R. Tyson, Assist Me to Proclaim: The Life and Hymns of Charles Wesley (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2007). Leigh Eric Schmidt, Holy Fairs: Scotland and the Making of American Revivalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1989). The Great Awakening and the American Revolution David L. Holmes, The Faiths of the Founding Fathers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006). Alan E. Heimert, Religion and the American Mind from the Great Awakening to the Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1966). Edwin S. Gaustad, Faith of Our Fathers: Religion and the New Nation (New York: Harper & Row, 1987). 9
Nathan O. Hatch, The Sacred Cause of Liberty: Republican Thought and the Millennium in Revolutionary New England (New Haven, CT: Yale, 1977). Mark Noll, Christians in the American Revolution, 2d.ed. (Vancouver, B.C.: Regent University Press, 2006). Thomas Kidd, God of Liberty: A Religious History of the American Revolution (New York: Basic Books, 2010). The Second Great Awakening and the Democratization of American Christianity Nathan O. Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989). Gordon S. Wood, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic 1789-1815. (New York: Oxford, 2011). Mark A. Noll, America s God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002). Edward S. Gaustad, Neither King nor Prelate: Religion and the New Nation 1776-1826 (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1993). Richard J. Carwardine, Evangelicals and Politics in Antebellum America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993). Gordon S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1998). Charles Hambrick-Stowe, Charles Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996. David Rowe, God s Strange Work: William Miller and the End of the World (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2008). Daniel Walker Howe, What God Hath Wrought: The Transformation of America: 1815-1848 (New York: Oxford, 2009). Rosell, Garth M. Boston s Historic Park Street Church: The Story of an Evangelical Landmark (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 2009). The Second Great Awakening: Slavery, Segregation, and Evangelical efforts toward Reform Mark A. Noll, The Civil War as a Theological Crisis (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006). 10
Mark A. Noll, God, Race, and American Politics: A Short History (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP, 2010). Eugene Genovese, Roll Jordan Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York: Vintage, 1976). Albert Raboteau, Slave Religion: The Invisible Institution in the Antebellum South 2d.ed. (New York: Oxford, 2004). Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, Written by Himself (New York: Signet Books, 1968). John Wigger, American Saint: Francis Asbury and the Methodists (New York: Oxford UP, 2009). Henry H. Mitchell, Black Church Beginnings: The Long-Hidden Realities of the First Years (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2004). Garth M. Rosell and Richard A.G. Dupuis, eds. The Memoirs of Charles G. Finney: The Complete Restored Text (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1989). Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, Charles Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996). Charles Finney, Revivals of Religion (Broadview, IL: Cicero Bible Press, [n.d.]). The Third Great Awakening and the Civil War Era Donald W. Dayton, Discovering an Evangelical Heritage (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1988). Allen C. Guelzo, Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: Oxford UP, 2012). Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Lewis Tappan and the Evangelical War Against Slavery (Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University, 1969). William G. McLoughlin, Revivals, Awakenings and Reform (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978). C. C. Goen, Broken Church, Broken Nation: Denominational Schisms and the Coming of the Civil War (Macon, GA: Mercer, 1985). Lyle W. Dorsett, Billy Sunday and the Redemption of Urban America (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991). 11
Keith J. Hardman, Seasons of Refreshing: Evangelism and Revivals in America (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1994). Lyle W. Dorsett, A Passion for Souls: A Life of D. L. Moody (Chicago: Moody Press, 1997). Collin Hansen and John Woodbridge, A God-Sized Vision: Revival Stories that Stretch and Stir (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010). Garth Rosell, ed. Commending the Faith: The Preaching of D.L. Moody (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1999). The 20 th Century and Evangelical Awakenings Mark A. Noll and Carolyn Nystrom, Clouds of Witnesses: Christian Voices from Africa and Asia (Downer s Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2010). Mark Shaw, Ten Great Ideas from Church History: A Decision-Maker s Guide to Shaping Your Church (Downer s Grove, InterVarsity, 1997). Garth M. Rosell, The Surprising Work of God: Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga and the Rebirth of Evangelicalism. (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008). George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism 1860-1920. (New York: Oxford, 1980). Vinson Synan, The Holiness-Pentecostal Tradition: Charismatic Movements in the Twentieth Century (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1997). Cecil M. Robeck Jr., The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2006). Robert Wuthnow, The Restructuring of American Religion (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988). Arthur H. Matthews, Standing Up, Standing Together: The Emergence of the National Association of Evangelicals (Carol Stream, IL NAE, 1992). Joel Carpenter, ed., The Youth for Christ Movement and its Pioneers (New York: Garland, 1988). Carl F. H. Henry, The Uneasy Conscience of Modern Fundamentalism (New York: Garland Publishing, 1988); Dan D. Crawford, A Thirst for Souls: The Life of the Evangelist Percy B. Crawford (Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 2010); 12
George M. Marsden, Reforming Fundamentalism: Fuller Seminary and the New Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1987); Mark A Noll, The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1994). 13