Religious Studies B GCSE (9 1)

Religious Studies B GCSE (9 1) Paper 1: Area of Study 1 Religion and Ethics Option 1A Catholic Christianity Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the space provided. Use a separate sheet of paper where instructed. Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end. Information The total mark for this paper is 102. The marks for each question are shown in brackets use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care on these questions with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the use of specialist terminology. Question 1 (a) Outline three features of the biblical account of The Fall. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why the resurrection of Jesus is important for Catholic Christians. (4) 30 GCSE Religious Studies

(c) Explain two ways in which the theory of the Big Bang could be seen to undermine the Genesis account of creation. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (5) *(d) If God is able to forgive all sins, human beings have permission to act as they wish. Evaluate this statement, considering more than one viewpoint. You must refer to Catholic Christianity in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (15) (Total for Question 1 = 27 marks) Question 2 (a) Outline three features of the Eucharist. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why many Catholics oppose the use of artificial contraception. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why the Catholic Church should allow remarriage in the 21st century. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (5) (d) The modern day family has changed significantly to that described in the Bible. Evaluate this statement. You must refer to both Catholic Christian and non-religious viewpoints in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (12) (Total for Question 2 = 24 marks) Practice Exam Paper: Specification B 31

Question 3 (a) Outline three reasons why Catholics visit Lourdes. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why Catholics value the sacrament of confession. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why the Catholic Church should seek to work closely with other local churches. (5) *(d) The Catholic Church should focus on the service of those outside of the Church beyond all other things. Evaluate this statement, considering more than one viewpoint. You must refer to Catholic Christianity in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (15) (Total for Question 3 = 27 marks) 32 GCSE Religious Studies

Question 4 (a) Outline three features which contribute to quality of life. (3) (b) Explain two ways in which the equality of people from different races is shown in the Bible. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why Catholics should treat everyone equally. (5) (d) There is no evidence that sins need to be forgiven as this is the only life. Evaluate this statement. You must refer to both Catholic Christian and non-religious viewpoints in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (12) (Total for Question 4 = 24 marks) Practice Exam Paper: Specification B 33

Religious Studies B GCSE (9 1) Paper 1: Area of Study 1 Religion and Ethics Option 1B Christianity Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the space provided. Use a separate sheet of paper where instructed. Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end. Information The total mark for this paper is 102. The marks for each question are shown in brackets use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care on these questions with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the use of specialist terminology. Question 1 (a) Outline three beliefs about sin in Christianity. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why the resurrection of Jesus is important for Christians. (4) 34 GCSE Religious Studies

(c) Explain two ways in which the theory of the Big Bang could be seen to undermine the Genesis account of creation. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (5) *(d) If God is able to forgive all sins, human beings have permission to act as they wish. Evaluate this statement, considering more than one viewpoint. You must refer to Christianity in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (15) (Total for Question 1 = 27 marks) Question 2 (a) Outline three reasons why Jesus resurrection is important to Christians. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why some Christians oppose the use of artificial contraception. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why the Christian Church should allow remarriage in the 21st century. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (5) (d) The modern day family has changed significantly to that described in the Bible. Evaluate this statement. You must refer to both Christian and non-religious viewpoints in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (12) (Total for Question 2 = 24 marks) Practice Exam Paper: Specification B 35

Question 3 (a) Outline three reasons why Christians choose to go on a pilgrimage. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why Christians feel it is important to share The Grace with each other. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why all churches should seek to work closely with other local churches. (5) *(d) The Christian Church should focus on the service of those outside of the Church beyond all other things. Evaluate this statement, considering more than one viewpoint. You must refer to Christianity in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (15) (Total for Question 3 = 27 marks) 36 GCSE Religious Studies

Question 4 (a) Outline three features which contribute to quality of life. (3) (b) Explain two ways in which the equality of people from different races is shown in the Bible. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why Christians should treat everyone equally. (5) (d) There is no evidence that sins need to be forgiven as this is the only life. Evaluate this statement. You must refer to both Christian and non-religious viewpoints in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (12) (Total for Question 4 = 24 marks) Practice Exam Paper: Specification B 37

Religious Studies B GCSE (9 1) Paper 1: Area of Study 1 Religion and Ethics Option 1C Islam Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the space provided. Use a separate sheet of paper where instructed. Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end. Information The total mark for this paper is 102. The marks for each question are shown in brackets use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care on these questions with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the use of specialist terminology. Question 1 (a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about prayer. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why Muslims give money to charity. (4) 38 GCSE Religious Studies

(c) Explain two ways in which the theory of the Big Bang could be seen to undermine the Qur anic account of creation. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (5) *(d) To remain relevant in the 21st century, the Muslim faith relies upon the ayatollahs. Evaluate this statement, considering more than one viewpoint. You must refer to Islam in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (15) (Total for Question 1 = 27 marks) Question 2 (a) Outline three Muslim beliefs about having to fight for their faith. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why many Muslims are against later stage abortions. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why Muslims may allow the use of contraception. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (5) (d) The nature of family has changed from how it was when the Qur an was written. Evaluate this statement. You must refer to both Muslim and non-religious viewpoints in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (12) (Total for Question 2 = 24 marks) Practice Exam Paper: Specification B 39

Question 3 (a) Outline three reasons why a Muslim will attend Hajj. (3) (b) Explain two reasons why daily prayer is important for a Muslim. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why attending a mosque every Friday does not necessarily make someone a Muslim. (5) *(d) Muslims should not look forward to the celebration of Eid-ul-Fitr as they should focus on their dedication to prayer and fasting during Ramadan. Evaluate this statement, considering more than one viewpoint. You must refer to Islam in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (15) (Total for Question 3 = 27 marks) 40 GCSE Religious Studies

Question 4 (a) Outline three features which contribute to quality of life. (3) (b) Explain two ways in which Islamic views about men and women are different to those of a western, secular society. (4) (c) Explain two reasons why Muslims should treat everyone equally. (5) (d) There is no evidence that sins need to be forgiven as this is the only life. Evaluate this statement. You must refer to both Muslim and non-religious viewpoints in your answer. Write your answer on a separate piece of paper. (12) (Total for Question 4 = 24 marks) Practice Exam Paper: Specification B 41

Answers PRACTICE EXAM PAPERS For questions worth 15 marks, use the following mark scheme to assess your answers: 12 of the marks are for the quality of your evaluation 3 of the marks are for your spelling, punctuation and grammar and use of specialist terminology (SPaG). 1 3 marks for: identifying information/issues and making superficial connections among a limited range of elements in the question, underpinned by isolated elements of understanding of religion and belief. judgements that are supported by generic arguments to produce a conclusion that is not fully justified. 4 6 marks for: making superficial connections among many, but not all, of the elements in the question, underpinned by a limited understanding of religion and belief. making judgements of a limited range of elements in the question. Judgements are supported by an attempt to appraise evidence, much of which may be superficial, leading to a conclusion that is not fully justified. 7 9 marks for: deconstructing religious information/issues, leading to coherent and logical chains of reasoning that consider different viewpoints. These are underpinned by an accurate understanding of religion and belief. Connections are made among many, but not all, of the elements in the question. constructing coherent and reasoned judgements of many, but not all, of the elements in the question. Judgements are supported by the appraisal of evidence, some of which may be superficial, leading to a partially justified conclusion. SPaG 0 marks for: writing nothing. a response that does not relate to the question. errors in spelling, punctuation and grammar that severely hinder meaning. 1 mark for: spelling and punctuating with reasonable accuracy. using rules of grammar with some control of meaning and any errors do not significantly hinder meaning overall. a limited range of specialist terms used as appropriate. 2 marks for: spelling and punctuating with considerable accuracy. using rules of grammar with general control of meaning overall. using a good range of specialist terms as appropriate. 3 marks for: spelling and punctuating with consistent accuracy. using rules of grammar with effective control of meaning overall. using a wide range of specialist terms as appropriate. These answers list sample points that you might include in your responses. You may be able to provide other credit-worthy points not listed here. 10 12 marks for: critically deconstructing religious information/issues, leading to coherent and logical chains of reasoning that consider different viewpoints. These are underpinned by a sustained, accurate and thorough understanding of religion and belief. Connections are made among the full range of elements in the question. constructing coherent and reasoned judgements of the full range of elements in the question. Judgements are fully supported by the comprehensive appraisal of evidence, leading to a fully justified conclusion. GCSE Religious Studies

PRACTICE EXAM PAPERS: SPECIFICATION B Paper 1: Area of Study 1 Religion and Ethics Option 1A Catholic Christianity Page 30 Question 1 (a) The serpent tempted Eve to eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil; after Eve had eaten, Adam was also tempted; God sent them from the Garden of Eden. (b) The Old Testament prophesied who Jesus would be and the sacrifice that would be made; Catholics see forgiveness from sin through Jesus death and resurrection; without resurrection, their faith is futile (1 Corinthians 15:17). (c) There have been lots of scientific and technological advances; scientists believe that the universe pre-dates the age given to it by the Bible; geological evidence points towards the Earth being far older than the creation story would suggest. (d) Catholics can confess sins privately or to their priest; they can perform acts of penance for sins committed; using rosary beads can help Catholics to focus their prayers of penance; a forgiven sin can be seen as though it has never happened; some would argue that their destiny has been decided predestination; therefore, as long as they are moral they have licence to behave how they see fit; many would argue that Catholics should live by the rules of the Bible; they should follow the Ten Commandments; forgiveness does not permit committing the sin in the first place; should sin abound that grace abound (Romans 6:1). Page 31 Question 2 (a) Opportunity is given to confess sins; the bread helps to remember the sacrifice of Jesus body; the wine the shedding of Jesus blood. (b) Artificial contraception is designed to allow sex to happen without pregnancy being the result; Catholics believe that sex was designed by God to create life; anything that stops this goes against the will of God and can also lead to promiscuous sex. (c) Many marriages can break down for valid reasons; many churches recognise these and allow for remarriage; with so many marriages ending in divorce, there may be the need for more opportunity to remarry; marriage has always had its challenges the 21st century is no different. (d) Family are often blood relatives; it can also include extended relatives who may not be closely related; the nuclear family is often seen as being parents and their children; in today s society, there are many single parent families; it is also more common for children to be raised by a same-sex couple; a normal Catholic family will still be seen as parents, their children and then extended family; it is often argued that families can now come in many different forms but it is the love and care shown that are the most important features. Page 32 Question 3 (a) To pray before the statue of the Virgin Mary; to share with other Catholics at the grotto; in the hope of receiving healing. (b) Allows confession of sin penance can then be served; allows freedom from sins committed and forgiveness for them. (c) All other churches originally broke away from the Catholic Church; the Catholic Church may be able to increase congregations; some may seek to grow the Church as a wider community; it could be argued that working together will have a greater influence. (d) The Great Commission in Matthew 28 calls all Christians to make disciples of the nations; Catholics can see this as their calling either locally, nationally or internationally; Christ declared that sharing their faith was the responsibility of every Christian; many Catholic churches ensure that their services focus on the needs of their congregation (regular masses throughout the week and opportunities to take the Eucharist); it could be argued that the Church needs to care for its congregation to help members become disciples, not just attenders; the Church has to look beyond its walls to bring new followers in; it should also seek to help the poor and those in need; it is more likely that those in the Church are already Christians, whereas those outside are less likely to be Christian. Page 33 Question 4 (a) Being able to walk; being able to feed yourself; being able to wash yourself; being able to communicate. (b) Galatians 3:28: all are the same whether Greek or Jew ; Matthew 15:24, Jesus explains how He has come to Earth for more than just the Jewish nation. (c) Galatians 3:28: There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus ; Jesus spent time with the lowest in Jewish society; Mark 2:17: on hearing this, Jesus said to them, It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners ; Jesus set the example of spending time with women, even in a society where they were seen as being second-class citizens. (d) Catholics prioritise sins being forgiven; they are diligent in performing penance; the Bible is clear that sins need to be confessed and forgiveness asked for; there is no way to prove that there is life after human death; near-death experiences suggest the afterlife exists but cannot be verified; religious teaching about the afterlife is clear, with judgement being made by God; if there is no life after death, then there is a greater argument for being selfish; it could be argued that morals would still be present for people to live by; Jesus resurrection is evidence of an afterlife; even if this is the only life, forgiveness is still valuable in helping both parties move forward. Paper 1: Area of Study 1 Religion and Ethics Option 1B Christianity Page 34 Question 1 (a) An action against the will of God; a thought that contradicts the teachings of Jesus; an act that breaks one of the Ten Commandments. (b) The Old Testament prophesied who Jesus would be and the sacrifice that would be made; Christians see forgiveness from sin through Jesus death and resurrection; without the resurrection, their faith is futile (1 Corinthians 15:17). (c) There have been lots of scientific and technological advances; scientists believe that the universe pre-dates the age given to it by the Bible; geological evidence points towards the Earth being far older than the creation story would suggest. (d) Christians can confess sins privately or to their priest; they can perform acts of penance for sins committed; these can take the form of prayer or the need to act in a way to prevent the sin from happening again; a forgiven sin can be seen as though it has never happened; some would argue that their destiny has been decided predestination; therefore, as long as they are moral they have licence to behave how they see fit; many would argue that Christians should live by the rules of the Bible; they should follow the Ten Commandments; forgiveness does not permit committing the sin in the first place; should sin abound that grace abound (Romans 6:1). Page 35 Question 2 (a) Showed victory over death; glorified God; allowed the forgiveness of sins; fulfilled the prophecies of the Bible. (b) Artificial contraception is designed to allow sex to happen without pregnancy being the result; Christians believe that sex was designed by God to create life; anything that stops this goes against the will of God and can also lead to promiscuous sex. Answers

Answers (c) Many marriages can break down for valid reasons; many churches recognise these and allow for remarriage; with so many marriages ending in divorce, there may be the need for more opportunity to remarry; marriage has always had its challenges the 21st century is no different. (d) Family are often blood relatives; it can also include extended relatives who may not be closely related; the nuclear family is often seen as being parents and their children; in today s society, there are many single parent families; it is also more common for children to be raised by a same-sex couple; for many, a normal Christianity family will still be seen as parents, their children and then extended family; it is often argued that families can now come in many different forms but it is the love and care shown that are the most important features. Page 36 Question 3 (a) To follow in the footsteps of people in their religion; to share with other Christians; in the hope of receiving healing. (b) Declares the importance of the faith revealing key aspects of the Trinity; it is a blessing said over each other, asking God to support their fellow Christian. (c) All other churches originally broke away from the Catholic Church; churches may be able to increase their congregations; some may seek to grow the Church as a wider community; it could be argued that working together will have a greater influence. (d) The Great Commission in Matthew 28 calls all Christians to make disciples of the nations; Christians can see this as their calling either locally, nationally or internationally; Christ declared that sharing their faith was the responsibility of every Christian; many churches ensure that their services focus on the needs of their congregation (regular services throughout the week and opportunities to take the Eucharist); it could be argued that the Church needs to care for its congregation to help members become disciples, not just attenders; the Church has to look beyond its walls to bring new followers in; it should also seek to help the poor and those in need; it is more likely that those in the Church are already Christians, whereas those outside are less likely to be Christians. Page 37 Question 4 (a) Being able to walk; being able to feed yourself; being able to wash yourself; being able to communicate. (b) Galatians 3:28: all are the same whether Greek or Jew ; Matthew 15:24, Jesus explains how He has come to Earth for more than just the Jewish nation. (c) Galatians 3:28: There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus ; Jesus spent time with the lowest in Jewish society; Mark 2:17: on hearing this, Jesus said to them, It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners ; Jesus set the example of spending time with women, even in a society where they were seen as being second-class citizens. (d) Christians prioritise sins being forgiven; they accept that there may be consequences to their sins; the Bible is clear that sins need to be confessed and forgiveness asked for; there is no way to prove that there is life after human death; near-death experiences suggest the afterlife exists but cannot be verified; religious teaching about the afterlife is clear, with judgement being made by God; if there is no life after death, then there is a greater argument for being selfish; it could be argued that morals would still be present for people to live by; Jesus resurrection is evidence of an afterlife; even if this is the only life, forgiveness is still valuable in helping both parties move forward. Paper 1: Area of Study 1 Religion and Ethics Option 1C Islam Page 38 Question 1 (a) It should glorify Allah; it should happen at least five times a day; it should be focused in the direction of Mecca. (b) Zakah is one of the Five Pillars that they must follow on a daily basis; supporting Muslims who are less well-off can help the nation of Islam grow and can allow more work to take place. (c) There have been lots of scientific and technological advances; scientists believe that the universe pre-dates the age given to it by the Qur an; geological evidence points towards the Earth being far older than the creation story would suggest. (d) Ayatollahs have to spend years learning and studying the Qur an, completing their sat h and kharij studies; this level of study sets them apart from other leaders; the greater the following, the greater authority the ayatollah holds; they respond to the issues in the world around them and aim to guide their followers; a few ayatollahs are given authority to be granted the title of Grand Ayatollah; at this point, their studies and edicts are likely to be published; although ayatollahs are able to respond to modern issues, they cannot add to the Qur an; each edict is considered less than the Qur an and should never be treated in the same way as the Qur an; this is still held even if the Qur an does not directly respond to the issue that the ayatollah is addressing. Page 39 Question 2 (a) They have to fight a daily battle against the world in their own lives (the Greater Jihad); they must also be prepared to support each other in this; the Lesser Jihad can see Muslims fight for their faith collectively against the world; one of the criteria for jihad is if they/others are not allowed to practise their religion freely. (b) Some Muslims believe that ensoulment takes place at 120 days in the pregnancy; they argue that as Allah gives the foetus its soul, life begins; this means that abortions before 120 days are permissible but after they are not, as by then life has begun; some believe ensoulment occurs at 42 days; Muhammad says, Whoever severs the womb-relationship ties, I will sever my ties with him. (c) Islam is divided on the use of contraception within marriage; the Qur an does not specifically refer to contraception; some Muslims then believe that its use within marriage is permitted; it allows a family to grow to the desired size, whilst the husband and wife can still enjoy the union of marriage. (d) Family are often blood relatives; it can also include extended relatives who may not be closely related; the nuclear family is often seen as being parents and their children; in today s society, there are many single parent families; it is also more common for children to be raised by a same-sex couple, however the majority of Muslims would reject such a union; a normal Muslim family will still be seen as parents, their children and then extended family; it is often argued that families can now come in many different forms but it is the love and care shown that are the most important features; the nature of family depends upon where you are in the world (rather than the year). GCSE Religious Studies

Page 40 Question 3 (a) It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam; it can help a Muslim to retrace the steps of Muhammad; it can draw them closer to Allah especially at the Ka ba. (b) By following one of the Five Pillars of Islam and performing the ritual correctly, they can be drawn closer to Allah; the ritual of praying daily can also help a Muslim focus throughout each day and ensure that their faith and beliefs are at the centre of their lives. (c) Islam is often seen as being quite a strict religion; through the following of the Qur an and the Five Pillars, a Muslim can live their lives as they have been instructed; attending the mosque each Friday, when physically able, is a key part of this; however, simply being a Muslim on a Friday is not sufficient; they have to follow all of the rules and rituals throughout the week; attending the mosque is only part of being a Muslim. (d) Every Muslim should complete Ramadan each year, unless they are a child, are elderly, physically unable to or are pregnant; they have to be devoted to not eating during the hours of sunlight; the time normally spent eating is to be devoted to Allah through prayer and service; the 30 days of fasting should draw them closer to Allah and see them work to show the love of Allah to others that they meet; Eid-ul- Fitr is the festival that greets the end of Ramadan; fasting is broken and celebrations are held in the home; during the festival two Eid prayers are shared and sermons are given on forgiveness and on the importance of the Five Pillars of Islam; both Eid and Ramadan could be seen as being of equal value as they serve different purposes; although many enjoy Eid, it should not be valued more highly than Ramadan. Page 41 Question 4 (a) Being able to walk; being able to feed yourself; being able to wash yourself; being able to communicate. (b) Men and women are seen as being equal in Islam but are different, with different roles; the Qur an recognises that they are different physically and have different roles to play in the family the men being expected to earn money to support the family and women expected to look after the daily needs of the family. (c) The Qur an teaches that all were made equal by Allah; diversity in colour and language were part of Allah s plan with division into tribes also part of the design; the importance of equal treatment was shared by Muhammad in his final sermon; He stated that Arabs were not better than non-arabs and no colour skin was superior to another; Muslims recognise that no one can observe this perfectly but they must focus on trying to avoid any form of prejudice; many will act in a political setting to campaign against discrimination and in favour of equality. (d) Muslims believe that sins can be forgiven; they are diligent in performing penance through prayer and study of the Qur an; the Qur an is clear that sins need to be confessed and forgiveness asked for; there is no way to prove that there is life after human death; near-death experiences suggest the afterlife exists but cannot be verified; religious teaching about the afterlife is clear, with judgement being made by Allah; if there is no life after death, then there is a greater argument for being selfish; it could be argued that morals would still be present for people to live by; even if this is the only life, forgiveness is still valuable in helping both parties move forward. Answers