Medieval Art Or, the Hold of the Church St. Lawrence, 9/21/2017 Medieval Art Or, the Hold of the Church St. Lawrence, 9/21/2017 Key Notions -Apse -Contrapposto -Flat tint -Flying buttress -Illumination -Nave -Transept -Vault 1
313 Edict of Milan legalizes Christianity 320-327 St. Peter s Basilica 527-565 Justinian rule 547 Church of San Vitale 1000 Viking settlement in America 1000-1200 Romanesque art c. 1000-1100 St. Sernin 1095-1099 First Crusade 1122-1151 Suger, Abbot of St. Denis 1147-1149 Second Crusade 1150-1400 Gothic art c. 1100-1200 Chartres 1337-1453 100 Year s War 1378-1417 The Great Schism 22/09/2017 Timeline Early Christian (100-500) and Byzantine Art (500-1453) Source: 4 The Emperor Constantine Capitoline Museum, Rome Constantine with Sol Source: 9 2
Early Christian/Byzantine Roman basilica to church Christ as the Good Shepherd Meeting of 2 worlds Mosaics Old Basilica of St. Peter Rome, 324-354, 63 x 108 x 32 m St. Paul Outside the Walls Detail of nave, Rome, 386; view of façade Source: 3 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic 3
The Good Shepherd, Catacombs of Saints Pietro and Marcellino, Rome, 4th century Source: 2 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic Versions of The Good Shepherd Source: 2 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus St. Peter, Rome, c. 359, Marble, 118 x 244 cm Source: 3 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic 4
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus Detail, Christ with Peter and Paul Source: 10 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic San Vitale Ravenna, 526-547; View of the apse Source: 3 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic San Vitale: plan and capital Nave Apse Source: 3 & 7 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic 5
Jesus Calling the First Apostles Sant Appollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, VI, detail of mosaic of north wall, Scala, Florence Source: 3 Early Christian/Byzantine Romanesque Gothic Romanesque Art Or, Pilgrimages to Holy Sites St. Sernin, Toulouse, XI-XII Source: 4 6
St. Sernin: nave and plan Source: 3 Apocalyptic Christ Moissac, XII, 47,8 cm Source: 4 St. Peter Receiving the Keys Book of Periscopes of Henry II, 26 x 19 cm, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich Illumination Mainly manuscript drawing Flat tint (especially background) Fish eyes/flappy feet Little regard for space/depth Sculptural for fixed drama Emphasis over realism Source: 2 7
Gothic Art Or, Reaching for the Heavens Chartres, Amiens, and Reims Source: 1 Robert de Luzarches, Amiens Cathedral XIII-XVI Source: 4 8
Amiens Cathedral: vaulted ceiling Rib vault Source: 4 The Last Judgment Central portal of west façade of Amiens, c. 1220-30 Source: 2 Anonymous, Chartres Cathedral, XII-XIII Source: 9 & 12 9
Chartres Cathedral: North Portal Source: 13 Chartres Cathedral: section Source: 4 & 11 Chartres Cathedral, Three tiers wall Source: 9 10
Chartres Vs. Vézelay Source: 9 Gothic Romanesque The Good Samaritan Window Chartes, XIII, Stained Glass Source: 2 North Rose Window The Glorification of the Virgin Chartes, XIII, Stained Glass Source: 9 11
Review Early Christian art blended the formal aspects of classical art with Christian content, then evolved into symbolic representation, dropping the classical form Romanesque art returned to Roman aesthetics, namely the rounded arch, which involved buttressing, giving the works a massive and heavy presence Gothic art lightened the structures by first relying on the pointed arch, which permitted higher vaults, then on stainedglass windows that gave the whole experience an otherworldly touch Conclusion The art of this long period was concerned with establishing the iconography of the Church, focusing on Christ s teachings, redemption, and the afterlife Art, especially architecture, was seen as the essential means to reach the uneducated churchgoer, and ensure that the ecclesiastical buildings dominated both the spiritual and physical landscapes 12