MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples MONGOLIAN UNICODE PROJECT Title: Glyph Table With Word Samples Author: Greg Eck Date: 2004-Nov-12 Related: See table of links at the end of the document Document number: MD020 This document attempts to justify the existence of all character variants within the Unicode range by means of real-world example words or phrases Thus far only the section is under full analysis There will need to be experts found in the areas of Todo, Manchu, Sibe, and Ali Gali who can derive examples and full justification of all glyphs used in these languages as well as Hopefully it will generate some good discussion Greg Page 1
Unicode Number 1801 1803 1805 1809 Unicode Character 1800 1802 1804 1806 1807 1808 180A Unicode Name Birga Ellipsis Comma Full Stop Colon Four Dots Todo Soft Hyphen Sibe Syllable Boundary Marker Manchu Comma Manchu Full Stop Nirugu FVS1 Glyph Glyph Name Example Mongol N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/AN/A N/AN/A N/AN/A MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples Glyph Table (Nov 11, 2004) N/A N/A N/AN/A 180B N/A N/A N/A Usage Todo Manchu Sibe AliGali Notes Page 2
180C N/A N/A N/A 180D N/A N/A N/A 180E 180F 1810 1812 1813 1815 1816 1817 181A - 181F 0 11811 2 3 41814 5 6 7 81818 91819 FVS2 FVS3 MVS UNDEFINED Digit Zero Digit One Digit Two Digit Three Digit Four Digit Five Digit Six Digit Seven Digit Eight Digit Nine UNDEFINED N/A N/A N/A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 fa ft MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A First Isolate A Second Isolate A fa " Ah " A ft " O " A- FVS Page 3
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 1820 fa A fe Initial A e Medial A a First Final A feb "father" A-BA-U besa "also" BA-A-SA-A Nera "sun" NA-A-RA-A beg t "small" BA-A-GA- MVS -A tsecond Final A 1821 ft E ft f fe Isolate E First Initial E Second Initial E e Medial E a First Final E ft "Oh!" E fbeso "hay" E-BA-E-SA-UE febeso "hay" E- FVS -BA-E-SA-UE Mesa "dagger" ME-E-SA-E fna "this" E-NA-E Older more traditional form tsecond Final E fi Ne* t "name" NA-E-RA- MVS -E Presentation I N/A fi Initial I firkea "citizen" I-RA-GA-E-NA Deni& "acquaintance" TA-A-NA-I-LA ifirst Medial I Page 4
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 1822 fi I USecond Medial I ligature? I First Final I SiioeBrI "decision" SA-I-I-DA-BA-OE-RA-I CoojI "lock" TSA-O-O-JA-I iasecond Final I bia "I" New glyph? BA-I Presentation O N/A fo 1823 fo O fo o eo O o foa Initial O First Medial O Second Medial O First Final O fodo "now" O-DA-O moehgo& "Mongol" MA-O-ANG-GA-O-LA bildeoreee( "???" BA-I-LA-DA-O-RA-QA-A-GA fodo "now" O-DA-O MwDRo "metro" Second Final O MA-EE-TA-RA-O Presentation U N/A foreign words 1824 foa U fo o eo O Initial U First Medial U Second Medial U First Final U folegea "red" U-LA-A-GA-A-NA LoO "dragon" LA-U-U GeolI "brass" GA-U-LA-I LoO "dragon" LA-U-U Page 5
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples o foi NeseoA "Nasau" Second Final U NA-A-SA-A-U????????? Presentation OE N/A foreign words 1825 foi OE foi o oi O oa Initial OE First Medial OE Second Medial OE First Final OE Second Final OE foiedo* "height" OE-NA-DA-OE-RA foiedo* "height" OE-NA-DA-OE-RA feeheeedoirome& "???????????" A-ANG-QA-A-TA-OE-RA-OE-MA-E-LA DoimosO "potatoe" TA-OE-MA-OE-SA-OE SoA "uneven" SA-OE Verify and determine source foia Presentation UE N/A 1826 foia UE foi o oi O Initial UE First Medial UE Second Medial UE First Final UE Foi% t "price" UE-NA- MVS -E Kicode& "tension" QA-UE-CHA-UE-DA-E-LA feoisdrelii t "Australia" A-UE-SA-TA-RA-A-LA-I-I- MVS -A SoinesO "spirit" SA-UE-NA-E-SA-UE Page 6
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples oa fwa Second Final UE SoA "milk" SA-UE Presentation EE N/A 1827 fwa N1828 EE fw Initial EE wmedial EE wa N Final EE fwoiropt "Europe" EE-UE-RA-O-PA-A bwdoa "concrete" BA-EE-TA-O-NA bwrnwa "Berne" BA-EE-RA-NA-EE Presentation NA N/A foreign words N F First Initial NA Second Initial NA Neda "me" NA-A-DA-A f) "Mr Ng" NA-GA???????? foreign words NA fna "this" E-NA-E n First Medial NA foiedo* "height" OE-NA-DA-OE-RA e Second Medial NA Pre- Vowel Pre- Conson sonant 1829 eh % a eh eh First Final NA Second Final NA Foi% t "price" UE-NA- MVS -E foirkea "width" OE-RA-GA-E-NA Presentation ANG N/A moehgo& "Mongol" Medial ANG MA-O-ANG-GA-O-LA Page 7
b182a p182b MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples ANG eit b Final ANG bekejieit "Beijng" BA-E-GA-E-JA-I-ANG Presentation BA N/A BA b b $ ot p Initial BA Medial BA First Final BA Second Final BA bia "I" BA-I feb "father" A-BA-U Joi$ "correct" JA-OE-BA Joiot "correct" JA-OE-BA- FVS Presentation PA N/A Older more traditional form PA p p # H Initial PA Medial PA Final PA pereda "parade" PA-A-RA-A-DA Soprea "soprano" SA-O-PA-RA-A-NA Lem# "lamp" LA-A-MA-PA Presentation QA N/A foreign words H k First Initial QA (masculine) Second Initial QA (feminine) HeB* "Spring" QA-A-BA-O-RA kt "pattern" QA-E hthird Initial QA hesi* "experienced" QA-A-SA-I-RA Verify no fem Verify no masc Both fem and masc Page 8
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 182C H QA k ee Fourth Initial QA (dotted) First Medial QA kt "pattern" QA- FVS -E (dotted QA) GeeeeI "pig" GA-A-QA-A-I Older more traditional form Find fem also k g Second Medial QA Third Medial QA feehkii t "smell" A-ANG-QA-I-I- MVS -A GegeI "pig" GA-A-QA- FVS -A-I Older more traditional form ( ) G First Final QA Second Final QA fe( t "big brother" A-QA- MVS -A fe) t "big brother" A-QA- MVS-FVS -A Presentation GA N/A Find fem also Older more traditional form G First Initial GA (masculine) Ge& "fire" GA-A-LA Verify no fem k Second Initial GA (feminine) kisika "member" GA-I-SA-I-QA-UE-NA Verify no masc hthird Initial GA hre^ "gram" GA-RA-A-MA H Fourth Initial GA He& "fire" GA- FVS -A-LA No fem found only foreign Older more traditional form g First Medial GA Degosoa "during" DA-A-GA-O-SA-O-NA Find fem also Page 9
G182D M182E MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples GA k Second Medial GA Third Medial GA (Feminine) feehkia "Classroom" A-ANG-GA-I DehdeK* "balloon" DA-E-GA-DA-E-GA-UE-RA h 5000 items inspected for masc - бараагнах булагнах чагнал?? ee Fourth Medial GA Beeda "holy" BA-O-GA-DA-A Find fem also ) First Final GA He) t "into pieces" QA-A-GA- MVS -A Find fem also ( Second Final GA Dogos( t "brick" TA-O-GA-O-SA-GA- MVS -A Find fem also it M Third Final GA Soisoit "devotion" (Feminine) SA-UE-SA-UE-GA Presentation MA N/A Verify no masc MA M Initial MA m Medial MA ^ L Final MA me& "cattle" MA-A-LA fema "mouth" A-MA-A be^ "mildew" BA-A-MA Presentation LA N/A L Initial LA La "candle" LA-A Page 10
L182F S1830 Z1831 LA MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples lmedial LA MelcI "herder" MA-A-LA-CHA-I &Final LA Mede& "knowledge" MA-E-DA-E-LA Presentation SA N/A S SA S s _ a Z Initial SA Medial SA First Final SA Second Final SA SomO "small town" SA-O-MA-O beeesi "teacher" BA-A-GA-SA-I ber_ "tiger" BA-A-RA-SA bera "tiger" BA-A-RA-SA- FVS Presentation SHA N/A Older more traditional form SHA Z z D Initial SHA Medial SHA ZoilO "soup" SHA-OE-LA-OE Doza "horse hobs" TA-U-SHA-A +Final SHA mer+ "to march" Very rare MA-A-RA-SHA Presentation TA N/A D d Initial TA First Medial TA Deni& "acquaintance" TA-A-NA-I-LA bedo "strong" BA-A-TA-O Page 11
D1832 d1833 MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples TA D Second Medial TA f~rido_ "Christ" HAA-RA-I-SA-TA-O-SA foreign words oe DA d Third Medial TA Final TA Fioeeee& "argument" I-TA-GA-A-LA qroeda "front" FA-RA-O-NA-TA Presentation DA N/A foreign words DA D d oe d First Initial DA Second Initial DA First Medial DA Second Medial DA Do( "deep sleep" DA-U-GA- FVS do( "put in check" DA-U-GA SiioeBrI "decision" SA-I-I-DA-BA-OE-RA-I Derkeda "at/near" DA-E-RA-GA-E-DA-E Pre- Conson sonant Pre- Vowel oa da C First Final DA Second Final DA fereoa "people" A-RA-A-DA pereda "parade" PA-A-RA-A-DA Presentation CHA N/A Mostly for foreign words 1834 C CHA C c Initial CHA Medial CHA ce( "time" CHA-A-QA melcia "herder" MA-A-LA-CHA-I-NA N/A Final CHA not possible Page 12
J1835 Y1836 R1837 W1838 MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples J Presentation JA N/A JA J j ja Y Initial JA Medial JA Final JA Je^ "road" JA-A-MA CoojI "lock" TSA-O-O-JA-I not found (should be able to find one) Presentation YA N/A foreign words YA yerieeo "to speak" Initial YA YA-A-RA-I-QA-U ymedial YA fiyoa "ion" I-YA-O-NA N/A Final YA not possible Presentation RA N/A Y R RA R r * W Initial RA Medial RA Final RA Redio "radio" RA-A-DA-I-O SoreEEO "to study" SA-U-RA-A-QA-U HeB* "Spring" XA-A-BA-O-RA Presentation WA N/A Initial used only in foreign words W Initial WA Wegoa "wagon" WA-A-GA-O-NA wmedial WA Dewa "Monday" DA-A-WA-A foreign Page 13
W1838 \183B WA wa O q MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples First Final WA Second Final WA NwgeDiWA "negative" NA-EE-GA-A-TA-I-WA Dw& FEWib "Tel Aviv" TA-EE-LA A-WA-I-WA??????????? Presentation FA N/A foreign words 183A q1839 CMS UB font cannot produce FA KA q q @ Cannot produce Cannot produce Cannot produce Initial FA Medial FA Final FA Presentation KA N/A Initial KA Medial KA QDo "photo" FA-O-TA-O DwlwQa "telephone" TA-EE-LA-EE-FA-O-NA Deri@ "tariff" TA-A-RA-I-FA \ino "theater" KHA-I-NA-O do\do* "doctor" DA-O-KHA-TA-O-RA foreign words KHA is used here in place of KA CMS font will not render KA Cannot produce Final KA \Medial KHA ]ir! "circus" TSA-I-RA_KHA! Final KHA Is KHA identical to KA? Page 14
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples } Presentation TSA N/A 183C } TSA } ] ]A { Initial TSA Medial TSA Final TSA ]wmwnda "cement" TSA-EE-MA-EE-NA-TA SDee]I "station" SA-TA-A-NA-TSA-I Drepw]A "trapeze" TA-RA-A-PA-EE-TSA Presentation ZA N/A foreign words 183D { ZA { [ [A f~ Initial ZA Medial ZA Final ZA {oolokia "zoology" ZA-O-O-LA-O-GA-I bwe[ia "benzine" BA-EE-NA-ZA-I-NA broe[a "bronze" BA-RA-O-NA-ZA Presentation HAA N/A foreign words 183E 183F f~ Cannot produce HAA ZRA f~ ~ ~A Cannot produce Initial HAA Medial HAA Final HAA not found Presentation ZRA N/A Initial ZRA Medial ZRA f~ro^ "chrome" HAA-RA-O-MA S~wmleK "to scheme" SA-HAA-EE-MA-LA-A-QA-O foreign words foreign words Page 15
;~1840 ~1841 MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples LHA ;~ ;~ ;~A Final ZRA Presentation LHA N/A L~eeebet "Lhxagva" Initial LHA LHA-A-GA-BA-A-A Medial LHA not found foreign words ZHI ~ N/A???????? How is this used? 1842 oo CHI oo N/A Gecoo* "tree twigs" GA-A-TSA-U-U-RA????????????? How is this used? 1820 fa fe1821 ei1822 A EE1820 A f1820 A E I ft fe Unsubstantiated Glyphs under Research Second isolate (crown, leash) Second medial (two teeth) Third medial (crown only) Second initial (crown, tooth) FOUND???? Listed in TR170 FOUND (Used only in meta-language contexts) FOUND (Actually just an alternative and older form) Third Medial ei???? Listed in TR170 (tooth, shin) Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Page 16
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 1823 1824 1825 1825 1826 1826 1826 182A 1830 eo eoa eoi foia ot I182D S O U OE OE UE UE UE BA GA SA eo eo oi eoi fo oi eoi ot FOUND FOUND FOUND???? Listed in TR170???? Listed in TR170 FOUND IThird InitialFOUND a Second Medial (tooth, stomach) Second Medial (tooth, stomach) Second Medial (stomach, shin) Third Medial (tooth, stomach, shin) Second Isolate (crown, final O/U/OE/UE) Second Medial (stomach, shin) Third Medial (tooth, stomach, shin) Alternate Final (stomach, leash going straight down) Second Final (leash)???? Listed in TR170 FOUND (Actually just an alternative and older form) FOUND (Actually just an alternative and older form) Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Page 17
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 1830 1832 1836 S oe D1833 I1835 Y b1838 SA TA DA JA YA i1836 YA I1836 YA WA sa oe Third Final (medial form, hook) Third Medial (stomach, tooth)???? Listed in TR170 FOUND Second Initial DFOUND (topward flame) Final I???? Listed in TR170 (bow) Second Initial i???? Listed in TR170 (shin) Second Medial (shin) Third Medial (bow) Second Final bfound (BA)???? Listed in TR170???? Listed in TR170 Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Unsubstantiated Glyph Page 18
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples DOCUMENT OBJECTIVE To justify the existence of all character variants within the Unicode range by means of real-world example words or phrases LEGEND Unicode Number - Numeric value associated with the given Unicode character Unicode Character- Presentation character associated with the given Unicode number [Characters U+1800 - U+1819 are rendered using "CODE2000" font under Windows XPSP2 Characters U+1820 - U+1842 are rendered using "CMS Ulaanbaatar" font (ASCII) under Windows XPSP2 This font is not capable of rendering several characters such as KA, ZRA In the case of KA, KHA is subsitituted] Unicode Name - Name assigned to given Unicode character ["Free Variation Selector" has been shortened to "FVS"; " Vowel Separator" has been shortened to "MVS"] Glyph - The various glyphs that may be represented by the one Unicode Number/Name (may be two or more) Glyph Name- Where there are character variants, each variant is given a "glyph name" In cases where there is no variation, there are no "glyph names" needed as you can reference the glyph by the Unicode Name The numbers, punctuation, and control characters have no variants (except the Birga) Example- Sample word or phrase which exemplifies the given glyph in the given class (see Conventions below for listing of "classes") Listing shows the word followed by the English gloss followed by a character-for-character transcription using Unicode shortform names (eg "OE" for MONGOLIAN LETTER OE or "ANG" for MONGOLIAN LETTER ANG, etc) Usage- For a given character a "check" () is placed in each column whose language uses the character Currently only the column has been developed Page 19
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples Notes- Either notes to remind the developer of something temporary in nature OR a permanent note listing a characteristic of the glyph/character Light Grey (20%)- under development - low level of difficulty Medium Grey (40%)- under development - medium level of difficulty TERMINOLOGY TR170- Refers to an early document produced by Myatav Erdenechimeg, Richard Moore and Yumbayar Namsrai [ftp://ftpiistunuedu/pub/techreports/report170atgz] Crown -f Back- - Tooth-e Shin- i Flame- D Stomach/Belly- o Tail- a Leash- t Hook-A Bow- I CONVENTIONS 1) The document steers clear from dealing with ligatures, feeling this is another area of great Page 20
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 1) The document steers clear from dealing with ligatures, feeling this is another area of great importance, but needing to be dealt with separately 2) The definition of isolate and presentation glyphs I use here is a bit different from past documents In other documentation, it has been stated that vowels have isolate characters and consonants do not have isolate characters I have approached the issue from the standpoint that an isolate glyph is the representation of a given character when the given character occurs in isolation (no character before and no character after) Therefore if that character occurs in isolation (vowel or consonant) AND that character has no solitary glyph representation, it might be appropriate to designate an isolate form for that given character I find only two occurances of such - the solitary "A" and the solitary "E" as listed above So, I have listed isolate forms for these two characters I then give every other character (vowel or consonant - which do not have have isolate forms) a presentation form This presentation glyph (or first isolate form) is the glyph used to refer to the particular character in descriptive language settings 3) Classes recognized are: a) Isolate (first/second) b) Presentation (If an isolate exists, then the first isolate is the presentation form) c) Initial (first/second/third/fourth) d) Medial (first/second/third/fourth) e) Final (first/second/third) Note: Gender may or may not be a characteristic of the glyph 4) There is a generalization made - which says that if we can find one example of the glyph in a real-world word/phrase setting, then the existence of the glyph is justified On the converse, we are asking the same question, "If we cannot find an example of a given glyph in a real-world occurance, then why should we include the glyph under the given character? Maybe the glyph does not actually exist in real-world settings?" 5) FVS numbers have not been listed under the example column as it seems secondary to the need to justify all variants first 6) Some glyphs are not able to be represented by the CMS font, therefore are marked as deficient Page 21
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples OPEN ISSUES 1) Light Grey (20%) highlighting shows areas under resolution which are not so difficult in nature These are currently being worked on Comments are welcome 2) Medium Grey (40%) highlighting shows issues that need further discussion at a Unicode Group level Discussion is actively sought here 3) U+182C (QA), U+182D GA) merit a good bit more analysis, checking and discussion 4) Am I right in my understanding of isolate forms? Are there characters other than A/E which have occurances of isolated usage and therefore should have isolate forms listed? 5) I have used different presentation forms for the following 4 characters - O, U, OE, UE It seemed to me that the O and the U presentation forms were too similar in form - that they might be indistinguishable when used in low-resolution settings or on a bad photocopy, etc The only distinction I could see on the Unicode presentation forms was that the U has a bit longer "tail" I have added a "hook" to the end of the U Regarding the OE and the UE, it seemed to me that there was an inconstent patterning on the tail of the presentation characters The Unicode presentation OE has a "tail" and the Unicode presentation UE has no tail and no extension So I tried to match the pattern of the O/U with their "no extension/hook" forms I made the OE with no extension and the UE with a hook In this way, the O and the OE have no extension and both the U and the UE have a hook at the end I feel, given the assumption that this is acceptable to the community (maybe a big assumption), that this patterning shows the relationship between characters better and adds a mnemonic aid in the process 6) Are KA and KHA identical characters? Is there one example showing the need for a distinction between the two characters? 7) Do we need a "second final I" variant as suggested above? If not, how do we write "BA-I"? Is this a ligature issue? 8) There are still 10 glyphs that I cannot find a justification for Can anyone help me with examples that justify the existence of these glyphs (as listed at the bottom of the table)? I still have not had time to go through all of Dr Heijdra's examples and may yet find some there ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Page 22
MD020 - Glyph Tables With Samples 1) Thus far only the section is under full analysis There will need to be experts found in the areas of Todo, Manchu, Sibe, and Ali Gali who can derive examples and full justification of all glyphs used in these languages as well as 2) The Birga variants need to be added ADDITIONAL Helpful links follow: 1) http://wwwunicodeorg/charts/pdf/u1800pdf 2) http://homeattnet/~jameskass/ 3) http://wwwbabelstonecouk/scripts/html 4) http://wwwviahistoriacom/silverhorde/mainhtml?research/uighurscripthtml Greg Eck g@postonenet Errors are recognized to be my own Your kindness in notifying me of the same is very welcome Page 23