Survey Instrument Sampling Variables qid Questionnaire ID number: country sample stratum psu wt 1. Algeria 5. Egypt 8. Jordan 10. Lebanon 13. Morocco 15. Palestine 21. Tunisia 22. Yemen 1. National sample 2. Syrian refugee sample Stratum Primary Sampling Unit Weight date Date of Survey a1 Region: 1001. Highlands 1002. North 1003. South 15001. West Bank 15002. Gaza q1 Province/Governorate/State: 1
q2 District: q3 Block: q13 Urban/Rural: 1. Urban 2. Rural 3. Refugee camp (Palestine only) 2
Section I: General Topics q101 q101a q102 q102b q103 How would you evaluate the current economic situation in your country? (Read): How would you evaluate the economic situation in your country five years ago (before the Arab uprisings) compared to the current situation? (Read): What do you think will be the economic situation in your country during the next few years (3-5 years) compared to the current situation? (Read): How would you evaluate your current household economic situation? (Read) Generally speaking, do you think most people are trustworthy or not? (Read): 1. Very good 2. Good 3. Bad 4. Very Bad 1. Much better 2. Somewhat better 3. Almost the same as the current situation 4. Somewhat worse 5. Much worse 1. Much better 2. Somewhat better 3. Almost the same as the current situation 4. Somewhat worse 5. Much worse 1. Very good 2. Good 3. Bad 4. Very Bad 1. Most people are trustworthy. 2. Most people are not trustworthy. 3
q103a Statement 1. Anyone who completely trusts anyone is asking for trouble. 2. Never tell anyone the real reason you did something unless it is useful to do so. 3. It is safest to assume that all people have a vicious streak and it will come out when they are given a chance. 4. The best way to handle people is to tell them what they want to hear. 5. It is wise to flatter important people. 6. There is no excuse for lying to someone else. To what extent you agree or disagree with the following statements? Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree Neither Agree nor Disagree Somewhat Disagree Strongly Disagree I don t know (Do not read) Declined to answer (Do q104 Do you think about emigrating from your country? (Read): 1. Yes 2. No q104a [If q104=1] Why do you want to emigrate? (Read): 1. For economic reasons 2. For political reasons 3. For economic and political reasons 4. Other q104aother [If q104a=4] Other reason for emigrating Specify: 4
q104 Where are you thinking of emigrating? (Open-ended) Statement Not Mentioned Mentioned ksa. Saudi Arabia 0 1 gcc. Gulf Cooperation Council country (other than Saudi Arabia) 0 1 arab. A non-gcc Arab country 0 1 eur. Europe 0 1 us. The United States or Canada 0 1 other. Specify: 0 1 q105 q106 Do you currently feel that your own personal as well as your family s safety and security are ensured or not? (Read) To what extent do you feel you are being treated equally by the government in comparison with other citizens in your country? (Read) 1. Fully ensured 2. Ensured 3. Not ensured 4. Absolutely not ensured 1. To a great extent 2. To a medium extent 3. To a limited extent 4. Not treated equally at all q107 Situation 1. No possibility to give children a good education. 2. A terrorist attack in your country. 4. Being harassed or threatened on the street. To what degree are you worried about the following situations? Very much Much Not Much Not at all Not applicable I don t know (Do not read) Declined to answer (Do 5
Section II: Evaluation of public institutions and political attitudes q201 Institution 1. Government (Council of Ministers) 2. Courts and legal system 3. The elected council of representatives (the parliament) I m going to name a number of institutions. For each one, please tell me how much trust you have in them. I don t Declined to A great deal Quite a lot Not very No trust at know (Do answer (Do of trust of trust much trust all 4. Police 5. Directorate of General Security (Lebanon only) 6. The armed forces (the army) 12. The Muslim Brotherhood (Algeria, Morocco, Palestine and Tunisia) 13. Religious leaders 20. Political parties q201a Institution How much trust do you have in the following? (Read) (Jordan and Lebanon only): A great deal of trust Quite a lot of trust Not very much trust No trust at all I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 1. Arab nationalist parties 2. Socialist / leftist parties 3. Islamist parties 4. Nationalist parties q202 In your opinion, is the state currently undertaking far-reaching and radical reforms and changes in its institutions and agencies? (Read): 1. Yes, definitely 2. Yes 3. No 4. No, definitely not 6
q204a Institution 1. The educational system in our country 2. The healthcare system in our country q204 Institution 1. Managing the economy 2. Creating employment opportunities 3. Narrowing the gap between rich and poor 4. Improving basic health services 20. Keeping prices down 21. Providing security in the country 22. Addressing educational needs How satisfied are you with the following? (Read): Definitely satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied Definitely dissatisfied I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do I am going to ask a number of questions related to the current government s performance in specific areas. How would you evaluate the current government s performance on? (Read): Very good Good Bad Very bad Not the government s responsibility I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do q2061 What are the most two important challenges your country is facing today? (Read): 1. Economic situation (poverty; unemployment, inflation) 2. Financial and administrative corruption 3. Democracy 6. Internal stability and security 7. Foreign interference 8. Religious extremism 9. Other q2061other [If q2061=9] Other challenge Specify: 7
q2062 What are the most two important challenges your country is facing today? (Read): 1. Economic situation (poverty; unemployment, inflation) 2. Financial and administrative corruption 3. Democracy 6. Internal stability and security 7. Foreign interference 8. Religious extremism 9. Other 97. No second challenge specified q2062other [If q2062 = 9] Other challenge Specify: q210 q211 q213 q214 To what extent do you think that there is corruption within the state agencies and institutions in your country? (Read): [If q210 4; in Egypt if q210 4, 98 or 99] In your opinion, to what extent is the government working to crackdown on corruption and root out bribes? (Read) Some people say that nowadays it is impossible to get a job without connections (wasta) while others say that jobs are only available to qualified candidates. Based on a recent experience (or experiences) you are personally aware of, do you think that? (Read): Have you personally or any of your relatives or anyone you know been demanded to provide a permit or a certificate of good behavior from the security services (police for example) in order to obtain a passport or an identity card or any other document or paper from the government institutions in the region you live in? (Read): 1. To a large extent 2. To a medium extent 3. To a small extent 4. Not at all (Go to q213) 1. To a large extent 2. To a medium extent 3. To a small extent 4. Not at all 1.Obtaining employment through connections is extremely widespread 2. Employment is sometimes obtained through connections 3. Employment is mostly obtained without connections 4. I do not know of any relevant experiences. 5. I do not know examples concerned 1. Yes 2. No 8
q216 q217 To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Citizens must support the government s decisions even if they disagree with them? (Read): Do you think that people nowadays can criticize their government without fear? (Read): 1. I strongly agree 2. I agree 3. I disagree 4. I strongly disagree 1. Yes 2. No q218 Institution 1. Government employees are aware of citizens needs. 2. Political leaders are concerned with the needs of ordinary citizens. 5. Sometimes, politics are so complicated that I cannot understand what is happening. Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (Read): I strongly agree I agree I disagree I strongly disagree I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do q261a I m going to show you a seven-point scale on which the characteristics of citizens and politicians can be rated. A score of 1 means that you think almost all of the people in that group tend to be [insert]. A score of 7 means that you think most people in the group are [insert]. You may choose any number in between. (Read): 1 Where would you rate POLITICIANS on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Unitelligent Intelligent 2 Where would you rate POLITICIANS on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dishonest Honest 96. Not concerned/ not interested 98. I don t know 99. Declined to answer 96. Not concerned/ not interested 98. I don t know 99. Declined to answer 9
q261b I m going to show you a seven-point scale on which the characteristics of citizens and politicians can be rated. A score of 1 means that you think almost all of the people in that group tend to be [insert]. A score of 7 means that you think most people in the group are [insert]. You may choose any number in between. (Read): 1 Where would you rate CITIZENS OF YOUR COUNTRY on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Unitelligent Intelligent 2 Where would you rate CITIZENS OF YOUR COUNTRY on this scale? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dishonest Honest 96. Not concerned/ not interested 98. I don t know 99. Declined to answer 96. Not concerned/ not interested 98. I don t know 99. Declined to answer q263 q264 q265 Which of the following statements best describes you? (Read): [If q263 4 or 5] There are lots of reasons that one might want to help the poor. Of the reasons below, which statement best describes you? (Read): Which of the following statements comes closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. Statement 1: The best way to reduce poverty is to increase your taxes so the government can help the poor through social spending. Statement 2: The best way to reduce poverty is to encourage people like yourself to pay more sadaqa for charitable distribution. (Read): 1. I prefer helping the poor, even at a large personal cost 2. I prefer helping the poor, even at a small personal cost 3. I prefer helping the poor, but if this costs nothing to me 4. I prefer not helping the poor (Go to q265) 1. I want to help the poor because it makes me sad to see people suffer. 2. I want to help the poor because I want to make my country and my community better. 3. I want to help the poor because I enjoy making those more unfortunate happy. 4. I want to help the poor because I know God will reward me for it in the hereafter. 1. Agree with Statement 1 2. Agree with statement 2 3. Agree with neither statement (Do not read) 4. Agree with both statements (Do not read) 10
Section III: Elections and the House of Representatives q301 q302 q303 Did you vote in the last parliamentary elections election that took place on (day, month, year of last parliamentary election in each country)? (Read): During the last parliamentary elections that were held on (day, month, year of last parliamentary election in each country) in your country, did you attend a campaign meeting or rally? (Read): In general, how would you evaluate the last parliamentary elections that were held on held in (day, month, year of last parliamentary election in each country) in your country? Was it: (Read): 1. Yes 2. No 1. Yes 2. No 1. Completely free and fair 2. Free and fair, but with minor problems 3. Free and fair, with major problems 4. Not free or fair 11
Section IV: Media q403 q404 When you want to get newspapers, magazines, foreign books, or view sites on the internet, do you sometimes find it is forbidden by the government and/or its agencies? (Read): In general, to what extent are you interested in politics? (Read): 1. Yes 2. No 3. Have not tried (Do 1. Very interested 2. Interested 3. Somewhat interested 4. Not interested at all q406 Medium In general, do you follow political news through? (Read): Daily A number of times a week A number of times a month Rarely I don t follow it ever I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 1. The television 2. Daily newspaper q409 On average, how often do you use the internet? (Read): 1. I am online almost all day 2. Daily 3. Several times a week 4. Once a week 5. Less than once a week 6. I do not use the internet (Go to q501b) (Go to q501b) (Go to q501b) q410 Medium 1. Find out about political activities taking place in your country 2. Express your opinion about political issues [If q409 6, 7 or 8] Do you use the internet in order to? (Read): Yes No I don t know (Do not read) Declined to answer (Do 1 2 98 99 1 2 98 99 12
q411 [If q409 6, 7 or 8] Are you a member of or participant in? (Read): I don t know (Do not Declined to answer Yes No Medium read) (Do 3. A Facebook page 1 2 98 99 4. A Twitter account 1 2 98 99 6. An Instagram account 1 2 98 99 13
Section V: Democracy q501 Are you a member of any organization or formal groups? (Living cooperatives or local societies, religious organizations, sport and entertainment clubs, cultural organizations, associations or workers unions, farmer unions, professional associations, entrepreneurial organizations, parent-teacher associations, or other voluntary organizations.)? (Read): 1. Yes 2. No 3. Have not tried (Do q501b Are you a member of a political party? (Read): 1. Yes 2. No 3. Have not tried (Do q501c [If q501b = 1] Name of political party: Specify: 99999. Declined to answer (Do not read) q502 Activity 1. Attend a meeting to discuss a subject or sign a petition. 2. Participate in a protest, march or sit-in. Here is a set of activities that citizens usually take part in. During the past three years, did you...? (Read): More than I have never I don t know (Do Declined to answer Once once participated (Do 1 2 3 98 99 1 2 3 98 99 q503 q503sy Which of the existing parties is closest to representing your political, social and economic aspirations? Which of the existing Syrian parties is closest to representing your political, social and economic aspirations? Specify: 0. No party 99997. Are not allowed to vote by regime 99998. Don t know (Do 99999. Declined to answer (Do not read) Specify: 0. No party 99998. Don t know (Do 99999. Declined to answer (Do not read) 14
q511 In your opinion, to what extent is your country democratic? (Read) (Not asked in Lebanon) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Democratic to No democracy whatsoever the greatest extent possible 96. Not concerned/ not interested 98. I don t know 99. Declined to answer q511leb In your opinion, to what extent is your country democratic? (Read) (Lebanon only) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Democratic to No democracy whatsoever the greatest extent possible 96. Not concerned/ not interested 98. I don t know 99. Declined to answer q512 Suppose there was a scale from 0-10 measuring the extent to which democracy is suitable for your country, with 0 meaning that democracy is absolutely inappropriate for your country and 10 meaning that democracy is completely appropriate for your country. To what extent do you think democracy is appropriate for your country? (Read) (Not asked in Lebanon) 96. Not concerned/ not interested 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 98. I don t know Completely Absolutely 99. Declined to answer appropriate inappropriate q512leb Suppose there was a scale from 0-10 measuring the extent to which democracy is suitable for your country, with 0 meaning that democracy is absolutely inappropriate for your country and 10 meaning that democracy is completely appropriate for your country. To what extent do you think democracy is appropriate for your country? (Read) (Lebanon only) 96. Not concerned/ not interested 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 98. I don t know Completely Absolutely 99. Declined to answer appropriate inappropriate q513 Suppose that there was a scale from 0-10 to measure the extent of your satisfaction with the government, in which 1 means that you were absolutely unsatisfied with its performance and 10 means that you were very satisfied. To what extent are you satisfied with the government s performance? (Read) (Not asked in Lebanon) 96. Not concerned/ not interested 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 98. I don t know Completely Absolutely 99. Declined to answer satisfied unsatisfied 15
q513leb Suppose that there was a scale from 0-10 to measure the extent of your satisfaction with the government, in which 1 means that you were absolutely unsatisfied with its performance and 10 means that you were very satisfied. To what extent are you satisfied with the government s performance? (Read) (Lebanon only) 96. Not concerned/ not interested 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 98. I don t know Completely Absolutely 99. Declined to answer satisfied unsatisfied q514 q515a1 q515a2 q515a3 Do you agree or disagree with this statement: Political reform should be introduced little by little instead of all at once? (Read): Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one from each four sets of statements that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristics of a democracy? (Read): Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one from each four sets of statements that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristics of a democracy? (Read): Many things may be desirable, but not all of them are essential characteristics of democracy. If you have to choose only one from each four sets of statements that I am going to read, which one would you choose as the most essential characteristics of a democracy? (Read): 1. I strongly agree 2. I agree 3. I disagree 4. I strongly disagree 1. Government narrows the gap between the rich and the poor. 2. People choose the government leaders in free and fair election. 3. Government does not waste any public money. 4. People are free to express their political views openly. 1. Government ensures law and order. 2. Media is free to criticize the things government does. 3. Government ensures job opportunities for all. 4. Multiple parties compete fairly in the election. 1. The legislature has oversight over the government. 2. Basic necessities, like food, clothes and shelter, are provided for all. 3. People are free to organize political groups. 4. Government provides people with quality public services. 16
q516 Statement 1. Under a democratic system, the country s economic performance is weak. 2. Democratic regimes are indecisive and full of problems. 3. Democratic systems are not effective at maintaining order and stability. 4. A democratic system may have problems, yet it is better than other systems. 5. The citizens in your country are not prepared for a democratic system. To what extent to you agree or disagree with the following statements? (Read): (Not asked in Egypt) I don t Declined to I strongly I strongly I agree I disagree know (Do answer (Do agree disagree q516a Which of these three statements is closest to your own opinion: (Read): 1. Democracy is always preferable to any other kind of government. 2. Under some circumstances, a nondemocratic government can be preferable. 3. For people like me, it does not matter what kind of government we have. 17
q518 Political System 1. A parliamentary system in which nationalist, left wing, right wing, and Islamist parties compete in parliamentary elections. 2. A parliamentary system in which only Islamist parties compete in parliamentary elections. 3. A political system governed by a strong authority which makes decisions without considering electoral results or the opinions of the opposition. 4. A system governed by Islamic law in which there are no political parties or elections. 5. A parliamentary system in which only non-religious parties compete in parliamentary elections 6. A government that provides for the needs of its citizens without giving them the right to participate in the political process I will mention some of the political systems currently in place in various Middle Eastern and North African countries. I would like to know to what extent you think these systems would be appropriate for your country? (Read): Completely Suitable Suitable Somewhat Suitable Not suitable at all I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 18
q521 Political Right 1. Freedom to express opinions. 2. Freedom of the press. 3. Freedom to join political parties. 4. Freedom to participate in peaceful protests and demonstrations. 5. Freedom to join civil associations and organizations. To what extent do you think that is guaranteed in your country? (Read): (Not all items asked in all countries) I don t Guaranteed Guaranteed Guaranteed Declined to Not know to a great to a medium to a limited answer (Do guaranteed (Do not extent extent extent read) q523a q523 Do think there is any type of human right violations committed by the government taking place in our country? (Read): To what degree would you agree that the violation of human rights committed by the government in your country is justifiable in the name of promoting security and stability? (Read): 1. Yes 2. No 1. Completely justified 2. Somewhat justified 3. Not very justified 4. Not justifiable at all 19
Section VI: Social, Cultural and Religious Topics q601 Statement 1. A woman can become President or Prime Minister of a Muslim country. 2. A married woman can work outside the home if she wishes. 3. In general, men are better at political leadership than women. 4. University education for males is more important than university education for females. 8. Women and men should have equal rights to their inheritance (Women should not be denied their right). 18. Husbands should have final say in all decisions concerning the family. The following questions are your personal opinions about the principles that should determine the behavior and situation of women in our society. For each of the statements listed below, please indicate whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly with it. (Read): I strongly agree I agree I disagree I strongly disagree I don t know (Do not read) Declined to answer (Do 20
q602 Groups 1. People of a different religion 2. People of a different race or color 3. Immigrants or foreign workers 4. People of a different sect of Islam q604 Statement 1. One who does not pray 3. One who comes from a family with a lower social status For each of the following types of people, please tell me whether you would like having people from this group as neighbors, dislike it, or not care? (Read): (Not all items asked in all countries) Strongly dislike Somewhat dislike Would not care Somewhat like Strongly like I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do To what degree would each of the following factors be an obstacle to accepting the marriage of your son / daughter / sister / brother...? (Read): Constitute Constitute an Does not I don t Declined Constitute an an obstacle obstacle to a constitute an know to answer obstacle to a to a large moderate obstacle at (Do not (Do not small degree degree degree all read) read) q605 Which of the following statements is the closest to your point of view? (Read): 1. Laws of our country should be based entirely on the sharia. 2. Laws of our country should be based mostly on the sharia. 3. Laws of our country should be based equally on sharia and the will of the people. 4. Laws of our country should be based mostly on the will of the people. 5. Laws of our country should be based entirely on the will of the people. 21
q605a Which of the following sentences is the closest to your point of view? Choose sentence 1 or sentence 2 [Note to researcher: Confirm the strength of the respondent s view: Do you agree or strongly agree?] (Read): First sentence: I prefer a religious political party over a non-religious political party. Second sentence: I prefer a non-religious political party over a religious political party. 1. I strongly agree with the 1 st sentence 2. I agree with the 1 st sentence 3. I agree with the 2 nd sentence 4. I strongly agree with the 2 nd sentence q606 Groups 1. Religious leaders (imams, preachers, priests) should not interfere in voters decisions in elections. 2. Your country is better off if religious people hold public positions in the state. 3. Religious clerics should have influence over the decisions of government. 4. Religious practice is a private matter and should be separated from socio-economic life. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements? (Read): I strongly agree I agree I disagree I strongly disagree I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 22
q607 Groups 1. Democracy is a Western form of government that is not compatible with Islam. 3. Banks in Muslim countries must be forbidden from charging interest because this is forbidden by Islam. 4. It is acceptable in Islam for male and female university students to attend classes together. 6. A woman should dress modestly, but Islam does not require that she wear a hijab. 7. In order to meet the demands of the modern economy, banks should be allowed to charge interest. Today as in the past, Muslim scholars and jurists sometimes disagree about the proper interpretation of Islam in response to present-day issues. For each of the statements listed below, please indicate whether you agree strongly, agree, disagree, or disagree strongly with the interpretation of Islam that is presented. (Read): I strongly agree I agree I disagree I strongly disagree I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 23
Education Section aid1a Over the past 5 years, have you or someone in your family (members of the same household) participated in a youth educational program (for youth aged 12-18 years) outside of the formal national educational curriculum? (Read): 1. Yes 2. No aid1a1 Participant participated in the program: (Read): 1. Yes 2. No aid1a2 Family member participated in the program: (Read): 1. Yes 2. No aid1b1 Please indicate which of the following type of program(s) you participated in: (Read) Program Did not participate Participated num. Numeracy 0 1 sci. Sciences 0 1 comp. Computer 0 1 lang. Languages 0 1 life. Life skills 0 1 soc. Social skills 0 1 lit. Literacy 0 1 other. Specify: 0 1 dk. Don t know 0 1 aid1b2 Please indicate which of the following type of program(s) your family member participated in: (Read) Program Did not participate Participated num. Numeracy 0 1 sci. Sciences 0 1 comp. Computer 0 1 lang. Languages 0 1 life. Life skills 0 1 soc. Social skills 0 1 lit. Literacy 0 1 other. Specify: 0 1 dk. Don t know 0 1 24
aid1c Who has organized the education program that you or someone from your family member have participated in? (Enumerator: please ask about the last attended program/last experience) (Read): 1. Organizations or agencies (NGOs, etc.) 2. A private institution 3. Other aid1cother [If aid1c = 3] Other organizer of program Specify: aid2 aid31 In general, how satisfied are you with youth educational programs outside the formal educational curriculum? (Read): Which of these things would be the most important reason for a person to attend a program outside the formal educational system? (Open-ended): 1. Very satisfied 2. Satisfied 3. Not satisfied 4. Not satisfied at all 1. Working for a degree/ a certificate 2. Working for other qualification 3. To acquire a new skill for a job 4. To acquire a new skill for a personal interest 5. To further an interest 6. To meet people 7. To make a better person 8. Other aid31other [If aid31 = 8] Other reason Specify: aid32 Which of these things would be the second most important reason for a person to attend a program outside the formal educational system? (Openended): 1. Working for a degree/ a certificate 2. Working for other qualification 3. To acquire a new skill for a job 4. To acquire a new skill for a personal interest 5. To further an interest 6. To meet people 7. To make a better person 8. Other 95. No further reply aid32other [If aid32 = 8] Other reason Specify: 25
aid41 Which of these things would be the biggest problem / barrier preventing a person attending a program? (Open-ended): 1. Cost 2. Transportation 3. Time 4. Information 5. Access (admission, qualification, regulation, etc.) 6. Family disapproval 7. Physical access 8. Cultural barriers 9. Governance/ organization 10. Content 11. Resources 12. Safety 13. Environment 14. Previous negative experience 15. Other aid41other [If aid31 = 15] Other reason Specify: aid42 Which of these things would be the second biggest problem / barrier preventing a person attending a program? (Open-ended): 1. Cost 2. Transportation 3. Time 4. Information 5. Access (admission, qualification, regulation, etc.) 6. Family disapproval 7. Physical access 8. Cultural barriers 9. Governance/ organization 10. Content 11. Resources 12. Safety 13. Environment 14. Previous negative experience 15. Other 95. No further reply aid42other [If aid42 = 15] Other reason Specify: 26
aid5a aid5b aid5c Let s talk for a moment about the kind of education system that you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] (Read) Statement 1: The education system should focus primarily on developing the scientific skills of pupils and students. Statement 2: Just as there are courses to teach scientific skills there must be courses to teach students how to recognize and express their own emotions and respond to others emotions. Let s talk for a moment about the kind of education system that you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] (Read) Statement 1: Giving the correct answer to a question remains the most important goal for pupils and students. Statement 2: It is not important for pupils and students to always reach the correct answer. What is most important is that they learn to think about how to answer the question. Let s talk for a moment about the kind of education system that you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] (Read) Statement 1: A good education system is one that encourages the student to accept the answer offered by the teacher because it is the best answer; there is no need for alternatives. Statement 2: A good education system is one that encourages students to think for themselves even when it goes against what the teacher is saying. 1. Agree very strongly with statement 1 2. Agree with statement 1 3. Agree with statement 2 4. Agree very strongly with statement 2 5. Agree with neither (Do 1. Agree very strongly with statement 1 2. Agree with statement 1 3. Agree with statement 2 4. Agree very strongly with statement 2 5. Agree with neither (Do 1. Agree very strongly with statement 1 2. Agree with statement 1 3. Agree with statement 2 4. Agree very strongly with statement 2 5. Agree with neither (Do 27
aid5d aid5e Let s talk for a moment about the kind of education system that you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] (Read) Statement 1: Examinations that allow students to demonstrate how well they have memorized what has been taught in class are the best test of learning. Statement 2: Examinations that allow students to demonstrate how well they have made their own sense of what has been taught in class are the best test of learning. Let s talk for a moment about the kind of education system that you would like to have in this country. Which of the following statements is closest to your view? Choose Statement 1 or Statement 2. [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion: Do you agree or agree very strongly?] (Read) Statement 1: The education system should place primary importance on academic achievement and certificates recognizing completion. Statement 2: The education system should place primary importance on learning social skills such as the ability to understand the perspectives and feelings of others. 1. Agree very strongly with statement 1 2. Agree with statement 1 3. Agree with statement 2 4. Agree very strongly with statement 2 5. Agree with neither (Do 1. Agree very strongly with statement 1 2. Agree with statement 1 3. Agree with statement 2 4. Agree very strongly with statement 2 5. Agree with neither (Do 28
Section VII: The Arab World and International Relations q700 Country Now I would like to ask you questions about the Arab world and international relations. Do you prefer that future economic relations between your country and (country)? (Read): Become stronger than they were in previous years Remain the same as they were in previous years Become weaker than they were in previous years I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do not read) 1. The United States 1 2 3 98 99 2. Saudi Arabia 1 2 3 98 99 3. Iran 1 2 3 98 99 4. Turkey 1 2 3 98 99 7. The European Union 1 2 3 98 99 8. Russia 1 2 3 98 99 q701 Do you think the influence of each of the following on the development of democracy in your country has been? Neither I don t Declined to Very Somewhat positive Somewhat Very know (Do answer (Do Country positive positive nor negative negative negative 1. The United States 2. The European Union 3. Neighboring countries 4. Russia q701sy [If sample = 2] Do you think the influence of each of the following on the conflict in Syria has been? Neither I don t Declined to Very Somewhat positive Somewhat Very know (Do answer (Do Country positive positive nor negative negative negative 1. The United States 2. The European Union 3. Neighboring countries 4. Russia 29
q713 q701b What policy do you think would be the most positive thing that the US could do in your country? (Read) [Only one option may be chosen] People disagree on whether the world becoming more connected is a good thing. Some think it is good because it makes your society more culturally diverse. Others think it is bad because it diminishes traditional values. Do you think the world becoming more connected is good or bad for society? (Read) 1. Promoting democracy 2. Promoting economic development 3. Resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict 4. Promoting women s rights 5. The US should not get involved 1. Very good 2. Somewhat good 3. Neither good nor bad 4. Somewhat bad 5. Very bad q704 Are American demands for reform? (Read) 1. Acceptable 2. Acceptable with conditions 3. Unacceptable on principle 4. Unacceptable because they are harmful to national interests q705 q707 q708 q709a q709aoppose Some people attribute the lack of development in the Arab world compared to other parts of the world to external factors, while others blame internal factors. In your opinion, which is more important in causing the lack of development in the Arab world? (Read) Do you agree with the following statement: Despite negative US foreign policies, most ordinary Americans are good people? (Read) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: American and Western culture have positive aspects? (Read) Do you support or oppose the solution to the Arab- Israeli conflict based on the establishment of a Palestinian State alongside Israel known as the two-state solution? (Read) [If q709a = 2] Reason for opposition (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Palestine and Tunisia only) 1. Internal factors 2. External factors 3. Both are equally important (Do not read) 1. Agree 2. Disagree 1. Strongly agree 2. Agree 3. Disagree 4. Strongly disagree 1. Support 2. Oppose Specify: 30
q711 Groups 4. Western interference is an obstacle to reform in your country. 5. Interference from Arab or Islamic countries within the region is an obstacle to reform in your country. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements...? (Read): I strongly agree I agree I disagree I strongly disagree I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do q714 What country poses the greatest threat to stability in your country? (Open-ended; do not read response options) 1. The United States 2. Israel 3. Iran 4. Turkey 5. The European Union 6. Saudi Arabia 7. Syria 8. Russia 9. Other 10. Libya q714other [If q714 = 9] Other country Specify: q714jo Are you more supportive of the Syrian government or the Syrian opposition? (Read) 1. Syrian government 2. Syrian opposition 96. Not interested 31
Section VIII: Current Affairs q826 Does Daesh pose a threat to our country? (Read) 1. Very grave threat 2. Somewhat of a threat 3. No threat at all q827 q828 q829 q830 q831 Does Daesh pose a threat to the Arab region? (Read) To what extent do you believe Daesh s tactics are compatible with the teachings of Islam? (Read) To what extent do you agree with the goals of Daesh? (Read) To what extent to do you support Daesh s use of violence? (Read) Who or what do you think is responsible for creating Daesh? (Open-ended; do not read responses) 1. Very grave threat 2. Somewhat of a threat 3. No threat at all 1. Certainly represents true Islam 2. Represents true Islam 3. Does not represent true Islam 4. Certainly does not represent true Islam 1. I agree to a large extent 2. I somewhat agree 3. I somewhat disagree 4. I disagree to a large extent 1. I support it to a large extent 2. I somewhat support it 3. I somewhat do not support it 4. I do not support it to a large extent 1. The United States (CIA, etc.) 2. Saudi Arabia 3. Iran 4. Israel (Mossad, etc.) 5. Al-Qaeda 6. Gulf Country (Qatar/UAE/Kuwait/Bahrain/Oman) 7. Russia 8. Social injustice 9. Political Exclusion 10. Sectarian differences 11. Other 32
q831other [If q831 = 11] Other Specify: q832 In your opinion, which of the following potential solutions do you favor to end the civil conflict in Syria? (Open-ended; do not read responses) 1. Reforms led by the current government 2. Holding free and fair elections under international supervision 3. Military intervention by an Arab coalition 4. Military intervention by an international coalition including Arab and Western countries 5. None of the above 6. Other q832other [If q831 = 6] Other Specify: q832a q833 There have been recent discussions about a possible military solution and airstrikes by coalition forces. Which of the following statements is closest to your point of view? (Read) (Egypt and Tunisia only) How concerned are you that sectarian division is growing across the region? (Read) 1. Military operations are the most effective way to resolve the crisis in Libya. 2. A political solution through consultations with neighbouring and other countries is the most effective way to resolve the crisis in Libya. 3. Agree with neither statement (Do not read) 1. Concerned to a great extent 2. Concerned to a medium extent 3. Concerned to a small extent 4. Not concerned at all 33
q834 Groups Now we would like to know something about the feelings you have toward certain groups or actors. Please tell me to what degree you would describe yourself as feeling angry toward each? (Read): I strongly agree I agree I disagree I strongly disagree I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 1. The United States 2. Shias (In countries with a sizable Shia population: Members of another sect of Islam) 3. Secular leaders in the Arab world 4. Islamic parties and movements (Not asked in Palestine) 5. The government in your country (not asked in Egypt, Jordan, or Lebanon) 34
Section IX: Identity q901 If you have been asked to identify yourself, with which of the following do you most closely identify yourself? (Read) 1. Your country of birth 2. Religion 3. Ethnicity 4. Region (GCC, Maghreb, etc.) 5. Local community, city where I live 6. Your tribe or extended family 7. Other q901other [If q901 = 7] Other identity Specify: 35
Section X: Respondents Personal Information (Demographics) q1001 Age 9 q1001a What governorate are you from (where were you raised)? 99999. Declined to answer (Do not read) q1001aother What country are you from? 99999. Declined to answer (Do not read) q1001c How many years have you lived in the area you live now? 9 9 q1002 Gender 1. Male 2. Female q1003 t1003 Level of Education (Read) (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Palestine only) Level of Education (Read) (Jordan, Lebanon and Tunisia only) 1. Illiterate / No formal education 2. Elementary 3. Prepatory / Basic 4. Secondary 5. Mid-level diploma / professional or technical 6. BA 7. MA and above 1. Illiterate / No formal education 2. Elementary 3. Prepatory / Basic 4. Secondary 5. BA 6. MA and above q1004 Do you work? 1. Yes (Go to q1006) 2. No 36
q1005 [If q1004 1] Are you? (Read) 1. Retired (Go to q1010) 2. A housewife (Go to q1010) 3. A student (Go to q1010) 4. Other (specify) (Go to q1010) 5. Unemployed looking for work (Go to q1010) (Go to q1010) (Go to q1010) q1005other [If q1005 = 4] Other employment Specify: q1006 [If q1004 = 1] Do you work full time or part time? (Read) 1. Full time (30 hours or more a week) 2. Part time (Less than 30 hours a week) q1006a [If q1004 = 1] Economic / Work sector (Read) 1. Public (Go to q1007) 2. Private (Go to q1007a) 3. Other (Go to q1010) 99. Declined to answer q1007 [If q1006a = 1] What is your position at the work (If you had more than one job, answer on the primary one)? (Read) 1. Director of an institution or a high ranking governmental employee (Go to question 1010) 6. Working at the armed forces or the police (Go to q1010) 8. A governmental employee (Go to q1010) 94. Other (Do (Go to q1010) (Go to q1010) (Go to q1010) q1007other [If q1007 = 94] Other employment Specify: 37
q1007a [If q1006a = 2] What is your position at the work (If you had more than one job, answer on the primary one)? (Read) 1. Employer/director of an institution with 10 employees or more 2. Employer/director of an institution with less than 10 employees 3. Professional such as a lawyer, accountant, teacher, doctor, etc. 4. Manual laborer 5. Agricultural worker/owner of a farm 7. Owner of a shop/grocery store 9. Private sector employee 11. Craftsperson 94. Other (Do (Go to q1010) (Go to q1010) (Go to q1010) q1007aother [If q1007a = 94] Other employment Specify: q1010 Marital Status (Read) 1. Unmarried or Bachelor (Go to question 1011a) 2. Married 3. Divorced or separated 4. Widowed 5. Engaged (Go to question 1011a) 6. Living with a partner [Some countries] (Do q1010b q1010c [IF q1010 = 2, 3, 4 or 6] How many children live at this household? [IF MALE RESPONDENT IS MARRIED (q1002=1 & q1010=2)] Does your wife wear the hijab? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Niqab (Do 38
q1011 [IF q1010 = 2] What is your spouse s profession? (Read) 1. Employer/director of an institution with 10 employees or more 2. Employer/director of an institution with less than 10 employees 3. Professional such as a lawyer, accountant, teacher, doctor, etc. 4. Manual laborer 5. Agricultural worker/owner of a farm 6. Member of the armed forces / Public security 7. Owner of a shop/grocery store 8. Government employee 9. Private sector employee 10. Craftsperson 11. Housewife 12. Does not work 13. Retired 14. Student 15. Other q1011other [If q1011 = 15] Other profession Specify: q1011a Do you have one computer at least at your residence? (Read) 1. Yes 2. No q1011b Do you have a car? (Read) 1. Yes 2. No q1011c Do you have a mobile phone or a smartphone with access to internet connection? (Read) 1. Mobile 2. Smartphone 3. No q609 In general, you would describe yourself as? (Read) 1. Religious 2. Somewhat religious 3. Not religious 39
q610 Do you? Activity Always Most of the time Sometimes Rarely Never I don t know (Do Declined to answer (Do 1. Pray daily 6. Listen to or read the Quran/the Bible or other religious programs daily q1012 Religion (Read) 1. Muslim 2. Christian 3. Other 4. Jewish (Do (Go to q1015a) (Go to q1015a) (Go to q1015a) q1012other [If q1012 = 3] Other religion Specify: q1012a q1015aalg q1015aegy Denomination (Read) (In Lebanon based on sample strata for sect) What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 50,000 Algerian Dinars? (Read) What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 2,625 Egyptian Pounds? (Read) 1. Maronite 2. Orthodox 3. Catholic 4. Armenian 5. Sunni 6. Shia 7. Hanbali 8. Shafi i 9. Ja fari 10 Other 11. Just a Muslim (Go to q1015a) (Go to q1015a) 1. Less than DA 50,000 2. DA 50,000 or more 1. Less than LE 2,625 2. LE 2,625 or more 40
q1015ajor q1015aleb q1015amor q1015apal q1015atun q1015balg q1015begy q1015bjor What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 450 Jordanian Dinars? (Read) What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 500 US Dollars? (Read) What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 3,500 Moroccan Dirhams? (Read) What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 3,000 Israeli New Shekels? (Read) What is the total monthly income for all household members? Is it less than or greater than 500 Tunisian Dinars? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is less than 50,000 Algerian Dinars, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is less than 2,625 Egyptian Pounds, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is less than 450 Jordanian Dinars, is it? (Read) 1. Less than JD 450 2. JD 450 or more 1. Less than USD 500 2. USD 500 or more 1. Less than MAD 3,500 2. MAD 3,500 or more 1. Less than ILS 3,000 2. ILS 3,000 or more 1. Less than DT 500 2. DT 500 or more 1. Less than DA 18,000 2. DA 18,000-32,999 3. DA 33,000-37,999 4. DA 38,000-40,999 5. DA 41,000-44,999 6. DA 42,000-49,999 1. Less than LE 500 2. LE 501-1,000 3. LE 1,001-1,500 4. LE 1,501-2,000 5. LE 2,001-2,500 6. LE 2,501-2,625 1. Less than JD 200 2. JD 201-250 3. JD 251-300 4. JD 301-350 5. JD 351-400 6. JD 401-449 41
q1015bleb q1015bmor q1015bpal q1015btun q1015calg You said your total household monthly income is less than 500 US Dollars, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is less than 3,500 Moroccan Dirhams, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is less than 3,000 Israeli New Shekels, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is less than 500 Tunisian Dinars, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is 50,000 Algerian Dinars or more, is it? (Read) 1. Less than USD 250 2. USD 251-300 3. USD 301-350 4. USD 351-400 5. USD 401-450 6. USD 451-500 1. Less than MAD 2,000 2. MAD 2,001-2,300 3. MAD 2,301-2,600 4. MAD 2,601-2,900 5. MAD 2,901-3,200 6. MAD 3,201-3,499 1. Less than ILS 500 2. ILS 501-1,000 3. ILS 1,001-1,500 4. ILS 1,501-2,000 5. ILS 2,001-2,500 6. ILS 2,501-2,999 1. Less than DT 100 2. DT 100-200 3. DT 200-300 4. DT 300-400 5. DT 400-500 1. Less than DA 54,000 2. DA 54,000-59,999 3. DA 60,000-68,999 4. DA 69,000-84,999 5. DA 85,000-123,999 6. DA 124,000 or more 42
q1015cegy q1015cjor q1015cleb q1015cmor q1015cpal You said your total household monthly income is 2,625 Egyptian Pounds or more, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is 450 Jordanian Dinars or more, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is 500 US Dollars or more, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is 3,500 Moroccan Dirhams or more, is it? (Read) You said your total household monthly income is 3,000 Israeli New Shekels or more, is it? (Read) 1. Less than LE 3,000 2. LE 3,001-4,000 3. LE 4,001-5,000 4. LE 5,001-6,000 5. LE 6,001-7,000 6. LE 7,001 or more 1. Less than JD 500 2. JD 501-550 3. JD 551-600 4. JD 601-650 5. JD 651-700 6. JD 701 or more 1. Less than USD 550 2. USD 551-600 3. USD 601-650 4. USD 651-700 5. USD 701-750 6. USD 751 or more 1. Less than MAD 4,500 2. MAD 4,501-5,500 3. MAD 5,501-6,000 4. MAD 6,001-6,500 5. MAD 6,501-7,000 6. MAD 7,001 or more 1. Less than ILS 3,500 2. ILS 3,501-4,000 3. ILS 4,001-4,500 4. ILS 4,501-5,000 5. ILS 5,001-5,500 6. ILS 5,500 or more 43
q1015ctun q1016 q1017 You said your total household monthly income is 500 Tunisian Dinars or more, is it? (Read) I will read you some statements related to your household income. Which of these statements comes closest to describing your household income? (Read) Does your family receive remittances from someone living abroad? (Read) 1. Less than DT 600 2. DT 600-800 3. DT 800-1,000 4. DT 1,000-1,500 5. DT 1,500-2,000 6. DT 2000 or more 1. Our household income covers our expenses well and we are able to save. 2. Our household income covers our expenses without notable difficulties. 3. Our household income does not cover our expenses and we face some difficulties in meeting our needs. 4. Our household income does not cover our expenses and we face significant difficulties in meeting our needs. 1. Yes, monthly 2. Yes, a few times a year 3. Yes, once a year 4. We do not receive anything q1019a What is your first language? Specify: q1019b What is your second language? Specify: 99999. Declined to answer (Do not read) q1020jo Country of origin (Read) (Jordan only) 1. Jordan 2. Palestine 3. Other 4. Syria 44
Enumerator Questions q2008 Enumerator gender 1. Male 2. Female q2008a Enumerator: Please indicate whether you wear the hijab or not. 1. Yes, I wear the hijab 2. No, I do not wear the hijab 45