Hajj Made Simple By Shaykh Muhammad S. Adly, Director of the Islamic Center of Columbia 5th Edition, 1436 AH/2015 CE Copyright 2007 by Muhammad S. Adly All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. In the event that someone would like to reprint this publication for free distribution, permission must be sought first from Shaykh Muhammad S. Adly. However, no additions or deletions may be made to the original text. Published and Distributed by: Adly Publications P.O. Box 11371 Columbia, SC 29211 USA Telephone (803) 254-7242 Fax (803) 254-7242 www.adlyonline.com www.almasjid.com Email: islamiccenterofcolumbia@yahoo.com
Verily all praise is for Allah, we praise Him, seek His help and guidance and His forgiveness; and we seek refuge in Allah from the evil of ourselves and from the sinfulness of our actions. Whosoever Allah guides, then none can misguide him, and whosoever Allah misguides, there can be no guide for him. I testify that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and messenger. Surah 3:102; Surah 4:1; and Surah 33:70-71 To Proceed: Certainly the best of speech is the Book of and the best guidance is the guidance of Muhammad. The most evil affair is a newly invented matter in Deen and every newly invented matter is innovation, and every innovation is straying, and every straying is in the Fire.
Hajj in the Qur an "Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah, those who can afford the journey; but if any deny faith, Allah stands not in need of any of His creatures." (Qur an 3:97) And proclaim the Pilgrimage among men; they will come to thee on foot and (mounted) on every kind of camel, lean on account of journeys through deep and distant mountain highways. (Qur an 22:27) For Hajj are the months well known. If anyone undertakes that duty therein, let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good ye do, (be sure) Allah knoweth it. And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the best of provisions is right conduct. So fear Me, O ye that are wise! (Qur an 2:197) 1
Virtues of Hajj Narrated Ibn Umar : Allah's Messenger said: Islam is based on (the following) five (pillars): 1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Messenger. 2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly. 3. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan. 4. To pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity). 5. To perform Hajj (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca). Allah's Messenger was asked, What is the best deed? He replied, To believe in Allah and His Messenger (Muhammad). The questioner then asked, What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, To participate in Jihad (fighting in the Cause of Allah) in Allah's Cause. The questioner again asked, What is the next (in goodness)? He replied, To perform Hajj Mabrur 1. (Pilgrimage to Makkah) Narrated Aisha (The mother of the faithful believers): O Allah's Messenger! We consider Jihad as the best deed. The Prophet said, The best Jihad (for women) is Hajj Mabrur. (Bukhâri) Narrated Abu Hurayrah The Prophet said, "Whoever performs Hajj for Allah's pleasure and does not have sexual relations with his wife, and 1 Hajj Mabrur is the Hajj that is accepted by Allah and is performed with the intention of seeking Allah's pleasure only, with no boasting or committing of sins, in accordance with the traditions of the Prophet. 2
does not do evil or sins then he will return (after Hajj, free from all sins) as if he were born anew." Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud : Allah's Messenger said, Make the hajj and the Umrah follow each other closely, for they remove poverty and sins as a blacksmith's bellows remove impurities from iron, gold and silver; and hajj which is accepted gets no less a reward than Paradise. [Tirmidhi] Abu Hurayrah heard Allah's Messenger say, Those who visit Allah are of three classes: the warrior, the one who performs the hajj, and the one who performs the umrah. [Nasaa'i] Ibn Umar, narrated: I was sitting with the Messenger of Allah, in the Mina Masjid, and two men came to him, one from Al-Ansaar and the other from Thaqeef; they greeted him and said: O' Messenger of Allah, we came to ask you a question. He then said, If you both wish, I shall inform you of what you came to ask me about; and if you both wish I will wait for you to ask me. They said: Tell us O' Messenger of.allah. Then the Thaqafi said to the Ansaari, Ask him to tell us. He (the Ansaari) said, Tell me O' Messenger of - what we intend to ask you He said: You came to ask me regarding your embarkation from your house traveling to the sacred house (The Haram in Makkah) and what you will earn in that endeavor; your two rak'ah after the circumambulation (tawaf) around the Ka'bah and what you will earn as a result of performing them; your walking between Safaa and Marwah and what you will earn; your standing on the eve of Arafah and what you will earn; your throwing of pebbles and what you will earn; your slaughtering and what you will earn; your departing from Arafah and what you will earn. The man said, I swear by 3
Him (Allah) who sent you with the truth, I have come to ask you of those. He said: Indeed when you leave your house, intending to travel to the sacred house, you will not put a pad to your camel or remove it, unless Allah writes a good deed for you as a result of that action, and expiate a sin from you. In regards to your two Rak'ah after the circumambulation (tawaf) around the Ka'bah, your reward is emancipating a believing slave among the children of Isma'il. In regards to your walking between Safaa and Marwah, your reward is as emancipating seventy slaves. In regards to your standing on the eve of Arafah, Verily Allah descends down to the lowest heaven and He will be proud of you before the angels, saying: My slaves, they have come to me with unkempt hair, from every deep and distant (wide) mountain highway to perform Hajj; hoping my Jannah. If your sins were to be as much as the sand or drops of the rain or foam of the sea I would have forgiven them. Depart, O' my slaves, you have been forgiven, and for all those whom you have prayed for. In regards to throwing of your pebbles, you earn an expiation of a major sin for each and every one of them. In regards to your slaughtering, it is kept for you with your Lord. In regards to the shaving of your head, you will be rewarded for each and every hair with good deed (hasanah) and expiation of sins. In regards to your circumambulation around the sacred house (Ka'bah) after that, you have no sin. An angel will come till he places his wings between your shoulders and say, Do whatever you want in the future, indeed you have been pardoned of the past. (Tabarani ) 4
Types of Hajj Hajj: Qiraan Qiraan (Qiraan means linguistically to join among two): Religiously it means that the pilgrim enters Makkah anytime after Ramadan and performs Umrah. After concluding the Umrah with the Tawaaf and Saa i, one will NOT CUT/TRIM the hair. He will remain in the "State of Ihram" until he embarks upon the rituals of Hajj. Qurbani 2 in this kind of Hajj is a must (waajib). Hajj: Tamattu Tamattu' (linguistically Tamattu means Benefit): Religiously means that the pilgrim enters Makkah with the intention to perform Umrah, does Umrah and comes out of the "state of Ihram" by shaving the head or trimming. On the 8th of Dhul Hijjah, the pilgrim re-enters the "state of ihram" this time with the intention of Hajj. Qurbani in this kind of Hajj is a must (waajib). Hajj: Ifraad Ifraad (On its own): The pilgrim enters Makkah, performs Tawaaf Al-Quduum (the arriving tawaaf), and stays in Ihram until the Days of Hajj come upon him/her. 2 Qurbani: Animal sacrifice 5
The Most Rewarded Type of Hajj The most rewarded Hajj from the above three is Hajj Tamattu. Although the Prophet had performed Hajj Qiraan, this is due to the fact that he brought the sacrificial animals with him. And he said, Had I known beforehand what I came to know later, I would not have brought my sacrificial animal with me. This means he would have preferred to have made Hajj Tamattu. * = Public Restrooms - The Haram of Mecca. See discussion on page 17 6
Amir As-Safar (The leader of the journey) The Prophet of Allah directed his followers to appoint an Amir over them when travelling in a group by saying: If you are three (or more) in a journey appoint one as an Amir (Abu Dawood) Following the instruction of the Prophet will result in the safety of the group and will avoid confusion and chaos. Among the duties of the Amir during the journey would be the following: Looking after the safety and the affairs of the group Instructing the group concerning the steps of Umrah and Hajj, and the proper visitation of the Mosque of the Prophet. Answering Islamic questions. Providing general advice if needed, or requested. Acting as an arbitrator in case of disputes among some of the members of the group, if such should occur. May Allah forbid. If the Amir cannot fulfill some of these obligations he may appoint someone to assist him. In the mean time, the group has to obey their Amir to the best of their ability, except if something forbidden or beyond their ability occurs. The group members are not supposed to leave and go some place without seeking permission, except if they know that he does not mind. 7
Achieving a Sound Hajj For a Muslim to achieve a sound Hajj he has to do it sincerely for the pleasure of Allah and in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet. In addition to the above, he or she has to avoid all kinds of sins, especially the following: 1. He said she said (gossiping) 2. Unnecessary questions 3. Wasting money and time 4. Shaving the beard 5. Smoking cigarettes 6. Looking at the opposite sex 7. Women displaying their beauty and using perfume or make-up and nail polish 8. Listening to music (any type of music) You are encouraged to have a lot of patience in all situations. You should control yourself. Remember Allah often and do not get angry. Do not get angry. Do not get angry. In your return journey, if you find yourself inclining more towards good and less towards evil, feeling more humble, inclining more towards the Hereafter, this is an indication that you have benefited from your hajj and that your hajj is acceptable inshaa Allah. 8
Important Preparations Before Hajj If you wronged anyone, seek his or her forgiveness before going to Hajj. Abu Hurairah reported: The Messenger of Allah said, "Do you know who is the bankrupt?'' They said: "The bankrupt among us is the one who has neither money with him nor any property." He said, "The real bankrupt of my Ummah would be he who would come on the Day of Resurrection with Salaah, Saum and Sadaqah (charity), but he will find himself bankrupt on that day as he will have exhausted the good deeds because he reviled others, brought calumny against others, unlawfully devoured the wealth of others, shed the blood of others and beat others; so his good deeds would be credited to the account of those (who suffered at his hand). If his good deeds fall short to clear the account, their sins would be entered in his account and he would be thrown in the (Hell) Fire". [Muslim] If you have been trusted with any trust, you must return it to its lawful owner; Allah said: "Verily! Allah commands that you should render back the trusts to those whom they are due.'' (4:58) Abu Hurairah reported: The Messenger of Allah said, "There are three signs of a hypocrite: When he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when he is trusted, he betrays his trust." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim] Write your will and make sure that it is valid. Abdullah bin Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah said, It is the duty of a Muslim who has something which is to be given as a bequest not to have it for two nights without executing a written will. (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) 9
- For Tawaaf, see Tawaaf discussion on page 18 - For Saa i between Safaa and Marwah, see discussion on page 18 10
General Advice 1) Make sure before departing from your house that you have all your documents: airplane ticket, passport, vaccination card, bank draft etc. 2) Make sure that you are at the airport three to four hours before the departure time. 3) Do not carry excessive amounts of cash. 4) Carry an additional identification card with a picture, for example: your driver s license. You may need it while you are in Saudi Arabia. Your passport will be taken away from you while you are at the Jeddah airport. You will receive it on the way back. 5) Make sure that you carry the Ihram clothes with you in your handbag. 6) Do not carry unnecessary stuff with you. A handbag is sufficient for all that you carry. There is no need for suitcases, a lot of clothes or food. Everything you need will be available for you upon your arrival. 7) Make a copy of your passport and keep it in your possession. 11
Leaving Home Say the following Du aa: Bismillah Tawakaltu Ala Allah Wa La Hawla Wa La Quwwata Illa Billah This means: In the name of Allah, I place my trust in Allah, and there is no might or power except with Allah. Upon getting in your vehicle say the following Du aa: Bismillaah, Alhamdulillah, subhaana Alladhee sakhara lanaa haadhaa wa maa kunnaa lahu muqrineen, wa innaa ilaa rabbinaa lamun qaliboon. Alhamdulillah, Alhamdulillah, Alhamdulillah. Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Subhanaka Allahumma innee dhalamtu nafsee faghfirlee fa innahu laa yaghfiru adhunooba illa anta. This means: In the name of Allah and All praise is for Allah. How perfect He is, the one who has placed this (transport) at our service, and we ourselves would not have been capable of that, and to our Lord is our final destiny. All praise is for Allah. Allah is the greatest. How perfect You are, O Allah. Verily I have wronged my soul, so forgive me, for surely none can forgive sins except you. (Repeat this Du aa at any time when you get in your vehicle.) 12
After this say your Du aa for traveling which is the following: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar. Subhaana Alladhee sakhara lanaa haadhaa wa maa kunnaa lahu muqrineen, wa innaa ilaa rabbinaa lamun qaliboon. Allahumma inna nas aluka fee safarinaa haadhaa Al birra wa ttaqwaa wa minal amalee maa tardaa. Allahumma hawwin alainaa safarinaa haadhaa watwi lana bu dahu. Allahumma anta Asaahibu fee ssafar wal khalifatu feel ahlee. Allahumma innee a oodhu bika min wa athaai Assafar wa ka aabatil mandhar. Wa sooi al muqalab feel maali wal ahli. Which means: Allah is the Greatest, how Perfect He is; the One Who has placed this (transport) at our service. And we ourselves would not have been capable of that, and to our Lord is our final destiny. Oh Allah, we ask you for good action and obedience in this journey of ours, and we ask you for deeds which please you. O Allah, facilitate our journey and let us cover its distance quickly. O Allah, you are the companion on the journey and the successor over the family. O Allah, I take refuge with you from the difficulties of travel and from witnessing terrible scenes, and I take refuge in you from an ill-fated outcome with wealth and family. 13
Al-Miiqaat Al-Miiqaat are the stations or landmarks, which have been designated by Prophet Muhammad for starting the Hajj or Umrah. No one is supposed to cross it without being in a state of Ihram, whether he or she is attending Hajj or Umrah. Ibn Abbas reported: the Messenger of Allah fixed Dul Hulaifa for the inhabitants of Medina, Juhfa for the Syrians and Qarn Al-Manazil for the people of Najd, and Yalamlam for the people of Yemen. So these are for them and for those who come through them without being their inhabitants, for those who wish to make pilgrimage and Umrah; whoever lives near (Mecca), his Ihram is for his residence. (The case is) such and such and such; even the people of Mecca shall make Ihram from it (Mecca). [Agreed] Miiqaat (Boundary) Dul Hulaifa: approx. 6 miles from Madinah (along the Madinah- Makkah Rd.) Juhfa: 130 miles to the west of Makkah. (For people coming from Syria/N. Africa) Datirq: 50 miles north of Makkah. (For people coming from Iraq) Yalamlam: 30 miles south east of Makkah. (For people coming from Yemen) It is very important for all Muslims who are coming out of 14
Saudi Arabia to understand that Jeddah is not a Miiqaat for them. Therefore, we advise you to change your regular clothing, which you travel with to the Ihraam clothes from your closer stopping place to Jeddah airport. If you happen to be in a direct (non-stop) flight you may change your clothes to the Ihraam clothing in the flight twenty minutes before arriving to Jeddah airport. Approximately ten minutes before arriving at Jeddah Airport, you will hear the announcement that we are about to approach the station for Ihraam. At this moment, start your Umrah, by making your intention, which is in your heart, and say aloud, Labayka Allahumma Umrah. (Here I am O Allah, in response to Your call, making Umrah.) If a person anticipates some obstacles that may prevent him/her from completing his/her Umrah, it is recommended for them to say: Allahumma ma hillee haytho habistani. (O Allah, if I am prevented by an obstacle, then indeed my Umrah ends where You prevent me). Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Messenger of Allah came to Zuba ah, daughter of Zabair and said to her daughter: Perhaps you intend to make pilgrimage. She said: By Allah, I don't find myself except in pain. He said to her: Make pilgrimage and make condition and say: O Allah! The place of my coming out free from Ihram will be where thou dost prevent me (from making Hajj). [Agreed] Then say: Allahumma haadhihee Umrah Laa riya a feehaa walaa sum a. 15
(O Allah, there is no showing off, nor seeking repute in this Umrah.) Labbayka Allahumma labbayk. Labbayka laa shareeka laka labbayk. Innal hamda wa ni mata, laka wal mulk. Laa shareeka lak. 3 (Here I am O Allah in response to Your call, here I am, here I am. You have no partner, here I am, Indeed all the Praise, Grace and Sovereignty belong to You. You have no partner.) You should say this Talbiyyah loudly (women should not say it in a loud voice) and repeat it as much as possible. Occupy the rest of your time with the remembrance of Allah. It is not Sunnah to say it in unison with others. At Jeddah airport, the necessary procedure and documents to complete your Hajj visa will be taking place. Please be very patient. The possibility is that this process may take three to five hours. It is normal procedure for the authorities to withhold your passport until the day of your departure. There are thousands of Muslims arriving at the same time. Wait until your turn comes, and do not rush or push. You will probably be searched, be patient while the security measures are being taken care of. 3 Sahl bin Sa ad reported that the Apostle of Allah said: No Muslim utters Labbayk, except that those who are on his right and on his left utter Labbayk from stones; trees and clouds of earth, till the earth is resounded from both sides. [Ibn Majah] 16
Arriving at the Holy City of Makkah 1) You will be dropped at your hotel. Make sure you leave your belongings in your room. Secure it. Do not carry too much money with you. Take a shower, make wudu, and get ready for going to the Haram, the Holy Masjid, to perform your umrah. Upon leaving your hotel, make sure you know the name of the hotel, the street, location, a phone number, and a major sign or landmark to make it easy for you to recognize your hotel, and to be able to locate it after your umrah. 2) Try to stay close to your group as much as possible, in order to avoid getting lost. 3) When you arrive at the Haram 4, enter with your right foot, and say: Allahumma salli alaa Muhammad wa sallim, Allahumma iftahlee abwaaba rahmatik. (O Allah, send praise and peace upon Muhammad. O Allah, open the doors of your mercy for me). Upon seeing the Ka bah you should end your talbiyyah Put the upper part of your ihraam under your right armpit, covering your left shoulder and exposing your right shoulder. Go close to the Ka bah and directly in front of the Black stone which is in the corner of the Ka bah. Raise your right hand and say: Allahu Akbar Start your Tawaaf going around the Ka bah for seven rounds (this is called Tawaaf Al-Quduum) 5. 4 See illustration on page 6 17
Each time you reach the Black stone you raise your right hand and say, Allahu Akbar 6. The first three rounds you should make at a faster speed than walking, without harming anyone or pushing anybody. Say whatever you would like to say from words of remembrance of Allah while going around the Ka bah. You may recite Qur an or you may supplicate. There is no special saying during Tawaaf, except between the two corners: The Yamani, and the one with the black stone. You should say: Rabbanaa aatinaa fee d-dunyaa hasanaa, wa feel aakhiraati hasanaa, waqinaa adhaaba n-naar. (Our Lord, give us in this life that which is good and in the hereafter which is good and save us from the torment of the fire). After you finish your Tawaaf cover your right shoulder and go to the station of Ibrahim and make two raka aat if you find an empty spot; otherwise, make your two raka aat anywhere in the Haram. 4) After you finish, drink from the water of Zam-Zam as much as you can and make Du aa. After this go towards as-safaa mountain to perform the second part of your umrah, which is As-saa i between Safaa and Marwah 7. When you get closer to As-Safaa, Say: 5 Tawaaf: Refer to illustration on page 10 6 Ibn Abbas narrated that the Prophet said, concerning the (Black) Stone, By Allah, Allah will cause it (the Black Stone) to resurrect on the day of judgment with two watching eyes and an articulating tongue to bear witness to those who have truthfully faced (kissed, touched or pointed at) it. Compiled by At-Tirmidhy. Ibn Abbas also narrated that the Prophet said, the Black Stone has been brought down from Paradise while being whiter than milk, but the sins of the children of Adam have blackened it. Compiled by At-Tirmidhi. 7 Saa i between Safaa and Marwah: see illustration on page 10 18
Innas Safa wal marwaata min sha aa-irillaa. Faman Hajja al baita awwi tamra. Falaa junaaha alaihi anyattawafa bihimaa wa man tatawwa a khayran fa inna llaaha shaakirun aleem. Which means: Verily Safaa and Marwah are among the Symbols of Allah. So those who visit the House in the Season or at other times, should compass them round, it is no sin in them. If anyone obeys his own impulse to Good, be sure that Allah is He Who recognizes and knows. (Qur an 2:158) 5) After this say: nabda-u bimaabada Allahubih. This means, We shall start with what Allah started with. When you climb over the Safaa, direct your face and body to the Ka bah and say: Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Laa ilaaha illa llaah, wahdahu, laa shareeka lah, Lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu yuhyee wa yumeet, Wa huwa alaa kulli shay-in qadir, Laa ilaaha illa llaah, Wahdahu laa shareeka lah, Anjaza wa ada, wa nasara abdah wa hazama lahzaaba wahda. Repeat the Du aa above three times. Then supplicate with whatever Du aa you want 19
Which means: Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest, Allah is the greatest, there is no deity but Allah alone having no partner, Sovereignty is His, and all praise is His, He gives life and death, and He has ability over all things, there is no deity but Allah alone. He has no partner. He fulfilled His promise and made his Slave (Muhammad) victorious and defeated the confederates alone. After this go down walking from Safaa and towards Marwah, and when you see the green light, you should run without pushing, or causing hardship to others until you reach the second green light. Now continue walking until you reach al Marwah. (This is for men, women continue walking normally) There is no special Du aa or Dhikr. You may say what you feel is easier or you are more comfortable with. One Du aa recommended during Saa i: Rabbighfir, warham innaka antal a azzu al akram. (Our Lord forgive me and have mercy, verily You are the Mightiest and Noblest) When you reach the Marwah, climb over it and turn facing the Ka bah again, and say the same thing you said on the Safaa (i.e. the Takbirs, laa ilaaha illa llaah until the end and the Du aa) three times. Now go down towards the Safaa again. This will be the second round. When you reach the green light, rush until you come to the end of the green light, you will continue 20
walking until you reach the Safaa, and repeat this for seven times back and forth. From Safaa to Marwah is one round, from Marwah to Safaa is another round. You do this seven times. You start with the Safaa, and end with the Marwah. After this, you will end at al Marwah, and make Du aa and ask Allah to accept your umrah. Then step outside where you will find a lot of barbershops and shorten your hair all over your head (only if you are in Hajj Tamattu). Umm Al Husain (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that she heard the Prophet during Hijjatul-Wada (the last or farewell pilgrimage performed by Prophet Muhammad ) asking Allah in favor of those who had their hair shaved three times, and in favor of those who had their hair cut short one time only (i.e. having one's hair shaved is better in reward than having it cut short.) [Muslim] The women should cut about ½ inch from the end of their hair. By this, you have finished your umrah. May Allah accept it from you. Get back with your group. Gather in one place and then go to your hotel safely. Now your umrah is over. You may go and change from your Ihraam to your regular clothes, and enjoy your time between remembering Allah, reciting Qur an, going to the Haram, and making Salaah. Avoid carrying a large amount of money with you. Take a little bit at a time to avoid any loss or theft. For more information, consult your Amir or religious guide. Please do not hesitate to ask him about what you may not understand. May Allah accept our good deeds. 21
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Yaumut-Tarwiyyah The Eighth Day of Dhul Hijjah In the morning, take a shower and change your regular clothes to the clothes of al-ihraam, like you did when you performed your umrah. You are going to make your intentions and start the process of Hajj 8. You do not have to go to any special station. You will start your ihraam and your intention from where you are--your hotel room. After putting on Ihraam, make your intention in your heart. Say the following: labbayka Hajjan. (Here I am O Allah (in response to your call) making Hajj) If a person is anticipating some obstacles that may prevent him/her from completing his/her Hajj it is recommended for them to say: Allahumma mahillee haythu habastani. (O Allah, I will end my state of Ihraam wherever You hold me back.) Then say, Allahumma haadhihee Hajjatun laa riya-a feehaa walaa summ a. (O Allah, there is no showing off nor seeking repute in this Hajj) 8 Refer to the Hajj Diagram on page 24. 23
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Then begin saying the Talbiyah: Labbayk Allahumma labbayk. Labbayka laa shareeka laka labayk. Innal hamda wanni mata laka wal mulk. Laa shareeka lak. (Here I am, O Allah, in response to your call, here I am, here I am. You have no partner. Here I am; indeed, all the Praise, Grace and Sovereignty belong to You. You have no partner.) Get on the bus and when you ride say the supplication of riding as you did before. Go to Mina. When you arrive at Mina take your place in the tent. In Mina you will be performing five prayers: Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, Ishaa, and the Fajr for the next day. You will shorten Dhuhr, Asr, and Ishaa. You will be performing each Salaah in its time, without combining. Engage in the recitation of Qur an, remembrance of Allah, Du aa or any other good deed of your choice. There is no special Du aa or Dhikr to say on that day. Repeat the Talbiyyah: Labbayk Allahumma labbayk often. 26
Yaumu Arafah The Ninth of Dhul Hijjah 1) In the morning you will get up to make Fajr. Repeat the Talbiyyah: Labbayk Allahumma labbayk. Later that morning, you will take the bus and you will go to Arafah. If it is possible, pray Dhuhr and Asr shortened and combined before entering Arafah, in a place called Namirah. Otherwise you may enter Arafat, directly by noontime. When you arrive at your tent, perform Dhuhr, and Asr in the time of Dhuhr, shorten your prayer and combine them. 2) Remain in Arafat for the whole day, until sunset. Spend your day in remembrance of Allah, reciting Qur an, Istighfaar, or whatever you may choose from the good deeds and the good sayings. The best thing to be saying that day is, Laa ilaaha illa llaah wahdahu laa shareeka lah lahul mulku wa lahul hamd, wa huwa alaa kulli shay-in qadir. Which means, There is no deity but Allah alone having no partner, Sovereignty is His, and all praise is His, and He has ability over all things 3) Do not forget to make Du aa for your family, your beloved ones, your brothers and sisters in Al-Islam, and those who have asked you to include them in your Du aa. 4) After sunset whenever your bus is ready, you will depart from Arafat going to Muzdalifah, which is another station between Arafat and Mina. In Muzdalifah, when you arrive there, you will do the following: 27
a) Pray Maghrib and Ishaa, combining together in the time of Ishaa, and shorten your Ishaa. b) Go to sleep, do not stay up for Tahajjud, Dhikr, Salaah or anything else. Sleeping is recommended, and the practice of the Prophet c) Get up for Fajr and perform Fajr prayer in Muzdalifah; d) If it is possible leave Muzdalifah after Fajr, and go to the station called Al Mash ar al Haram. Stay there remembering Allah until almost sunrise; otherwise you may go directly to Mina. 28
Yawmul- Eid The 10th of Dhul Hijjah When you arrive at Mina, you will do the following: Go and stone Al-Jamratul-kubraa (the last one). Facing the front of the Jamrah, with seven (7) stones, say Allahu Akbar with each stone that you throw. Go and slaughter your animal by yourself (if you can as this is better), otherwise you may send a representative. If you do not have the means to slaughter an animal (a lamb or a sheep) due to financial difficulty, you will have to fast three days after the day of Eid during Hajj, and seven days when you go back home. Shave your head, or cut it short. Women cut a little bit from the end of their braids. If you can go to Makkah, and make Tawaaf and Saa i, like you did in Umrah, do so. Otherwise, you may do so in the coming days until the end of Dhul Hijjah. There is no rush. Remain in Mina for this night, as well as the next two nights. 29
Ayyaamut Tashriiq 11th and 12th of Dhul Hijjah 1) Now you are in Mina for the second day. You have to know that you have to be in Mina for a minimum of two days and one night. If you wish, you can make it three days and two nights. 2) During these days you will go to all three Jamrah each day to stone them, starting right after Dhuhr. You will stone each Jamrah with seven (7) stones, saying Allahu Akbar with each stone, starting with the first Jamrah (The Small Jamrah) 9 3) Avoid the heat of the sun and the major crowds. Delay the stoning, if necessary, to the latter part of the day or night. 4) It is very important before departing from your tent, that you know the address correctly: the number of the street, the number of the tent and what section in Mina. All these things are to avoid getting lost. Make sure you carry your Hajj ID card with you, which is usually in the form of a bracelet or elastic band 5) Do not make it difficult for yourself by buying too many gifts during your stay in Mina. You will find everything later on in Makkah as well as in Madinah. 9 Ibn Abbas, traced it back to the Prophet that he said, "When Ibrahim (Abraham), Khalilur- Rahman (an intimate friend of the Merciful God) came to perform the rites of pilgrimage, it happened that Satan appeared to him at Jamratul-Aqabah, he (Abraham) threw seven pebbles at him until he sank in the soil. Then it happened that he (Satan) appeared to him at the second Jamrah, he (Abraham) threw seven pebbles at him until he sank in the soil; the he (Satan) appeared to him at the Third Jamrah, he (Abraham) threw seven pebbles at him until he sank in the soil." Ibn Abbas said, at Satan you throw, and the religion of your father Abraham (Islamic Monotheism; to worship none but Allah alone) you follow." Compiled by Al-Hakim 30
6) Remember that you should always try to be with your group when you go to stone the Jamarat. This will make things much easier on you, and you may be of assistance to others. 7) If you feel any sickness, you should get advice from a doctor. Many stations are available in Mina with doctors who will tend to you free of charge. 8) Drink a lot of water and other liquids to avoid dehydration. 9) Occupy your time with the remembrance of Allah and Du aa. 10) Avoid arguments, backbiting and idle talk. 11) It is recommended that you visit and pray in Masjid Al-Khaif which is in Mina close to the Jamarat. 10 10 Anas Ibn Malik narrated that: "The Prophet said, "Seventy prophets performed the prayer in the mosque of Al-Khaif, among them Musa (Moses), I imagine now that I am looking at him while he wears his Ihram (special white unsewn clothes); two qatwani cloaks, and rides on a camel bridled by fiber reins of two plaits." Compiled by At-Tabarani. 31
Wakeel for Stoning of the Jamarat On deputing a religious representative (Wakeel) for Rami (throwing the pebbles at the Jamarat): Given "special" circumstances, the act of Rami may be handed over to another pilgrim to be done on your behalf. Special circumstances means that the pilgrim is physically immobile or extremely sick. One offers proof of this sickness in the fact that he/she is unable to offer salaat in a standing position. If the pilgrim has access to a wheelchair, thereby gaining his/her mobility then he/she is no longer considered as immobile. If the conditions of immobility apply, then the pilgrim will designate a responsible person of sound character to perform the Rami on his/her behalf. This person will now act as His/her Wakeel. Note: Fear of being trampled, or being scared, are not valid excuses for designating a Wakeel. Due to the fact that a person can go a later time to stone. Also, it is permissible to combine the stoning of the second day with the third day. 32
Return to Makkah The 12th or the 13th of Dhul Hijjah On this day, you will depart from Mina and go to Makkah. If you did not make Tawaaf and Saa i for Hajj, then you need to make it as you made it for Umrah. Enjoy being in Makkah making Salaah in the Haram. You may do some shopping if you wish until the time for visiting the Mosque of the Prophet in Madinah. Before leaving Makkah, go to the Haram and make Tawaaf al-wadaa a (farewell Tawaaf) seven times, as any other Tawaaf you did before. Make two raka at behind the Station of Ibrahim if it is possible, otherwise make it at any place in the Haram. Make sure that you perform your Farewell Tawaaf prior to your departure from Makkah. As for women who have their menses, they are exempt from performing the Farewell Tawaaf. 33
Hajj Badal Hajj Badal is a term which applies to acting on the behalf of someone else to perform hajj. This person must have already performed his/her obligatory Hajj before he/she can act on the behalf of someone else. Ibn Abbas reported that the Messenger of Allah heard a man saying Labbaik on behalf of Shubramah. He asked: Who is Shubramah? He replied: A brother of mine or a relative of mine. He asked: Have you not made pilgrimage for yourself? 'No' said he. He said: Make pilgrimage for yourself and then make pilgrimage for Shubramah. In Al-Islam, the person will only be rewarded for whatever He/she carries out by themselves, due to the saying of the Almighty Allah: No one will achieve other than that which he/she has sent forth for themselves. (Surah 53 Ayat 39). Having said the above Islam still takes into consideration certain conditions which might prevent a person from carrying out the act themselves. 1) Elderly person: Ibn Abbas reported that a woman of Khashama (tribe) inquired: O Messenger of Allah! the obligatory injunction of Allah over His servants regarding pilgrimage has come when my father was very old and could not sit firmly over a conveyance, May I make pilgrimage for him? Yes said he. And that was at the farewell pilgrimage. [Agreed upon] 34
2) In case of a Vow: Ibn Abbas reported that a man came to the Prophet and inquired: My sister made a vow to make pilgrimage but she died. The Prophet said: If there had been any debt due from her, would you pay it up? "Yes", said he. He said then pay the debt to Allah, as it has got more right to be paid up. [Agreed upon] 3) Children on behalf of their parents: The Prophet said, The best that person consumes is from what he has earned and his child is from his earnings. [Abu Dawood] 4) Hajj Badal is not acceptable on behalf of somebody who had the means to perform it while they were alive, but did not do so due to negligence or not caring. 35
Innovation The following are some of the innovations done by some Muslims that you must avoid because they are not part of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad : Saying the intention verbally. Saying the Talbiyyah together in congregation. Leading the group in the Du aa and Dhikr or being led. Praying two Raka at upon entering the Haram in Makkah before making the Umrah. Raising the two hands in front of the black stone, similar to the way a person raises his or her hands when entering Salaah, Designating a special Du aa for each circle around the Ka bah or between Safaa and Marwah. Kissing the Yamani corner. Rubbing the body against the Ka bah. Going between Safaa and Marwah without performing Umrah or Hajj. (For purpose of seeking rewards) Repeating Umrah after Umrah in the same journey. An Imam giving the Khutbah on the day of Arafah, similar to Khutbat Al Jumu aa (i.e. Two Khutbah with a sitting between both of them). Gathering the stones from Muzdalifah, and believing they have special virtue or value. Washing the stones before throwing them at the Jamarat. Hitting the Jamarat with shoes, rocks, pieces of wood etc Shaving part of the head after Umrah, or cutting a few hairs from the sides. Giving a special title to the person returning from Hajj. (i.e. calling him Hajji). Departing from the Haram walking backwards. Remaining in Madinah for no less than forty days. Bringing back home, dirt or rocks from Makkah or Madinah. Performing two rakats as a Sunnah upon starting Ihraam. 36
Permissible Acts It is permissible to do any of the following acts during the state of Ihram in Umrah and/or Hajj: Wearing a watch. Wearing a belt. Holding an umbrella over your head. Covering your body with a blanket during Ihraam as long as your head is exposed. Taking a shower during Ihraam. Scratching your skin or your head even if some hair fall out. Changing the clothing of Ihraam to another one if it gets dirty. Taking a nap during the day of Arafat. Combing the hair or brushing the beard even if it results for some hair to fall. Removing a broken nail or pulling a tooth. Using scented soap. 37
Forbidden Acts During the State of Ihraam Upon making your intention for Hajj or Umrah you are prohibited from doing any of the following acts intentionally: Do not wear any clothing or head cover different from the clothing of Ihraam, which are the two towels (men only). Women cannot wear face veils or gloves. Men and women are forbidden from wearing any perfume. Do not clip nails or remove any hair from the body (Men and women). Do not engage in any sexual activity. Avoid any forbidden acts. Do not engage in arguments, debates or fights. Do not propose for marriage. Do not performing a wedding. Do not hunt (Land and Air) Do not eat from any game that has been hunted for by a person in the state of Ihram or prey (a hunt in which that person has participated). Forbidden Acts at All Times in Makkah or Madinah Land and Air Hunting or assisting in the hunt. Disturbing wild animals and birds. Removing trees, plants and thorns except if necessary. Carrying weapons. Picking up lost items of others. 38
As-Sunnan The following are the Sunnan (plural of Sunnah) acts during Hajj. These are optional deeds recommended to be done during Hajj and Umrah. Those who carry out these deeds will be rewarded, and those who do not carry out these acts intentionally or from being lazy, neglectful, or for whatever reason, they are not going to be punished. Nevertheless, each one of us should be eager to follow the footsteps of the Prophet to gain as much blessings as possible. If you miss any of the following acts, your Hajj or Umrah is still acceptable. First: we start with Sunnan al-ihraam: o Before you put your Ihraam on, you should take a complete Ghusl (Take a full bath or shower.). o You should put perfume on. This is only for men. o Your Ihraam clothing should be white. o You should raise your voice with the Talbiyyah, the saying of Labbayka llaahumma labbayk. o You should face the Qiblah when you start your Umrah, or your hajj, and you begin your Talbiyyah by saying: labbayka-llaahumma labbayk. Second: the Sunnan (optional deeds) before entering the city of Makkah: Taking a shower before entering Makkah; Entering the holy Mosque with your right foot and saying the following Du aa: Bismillaah, umma salli Alaa Muhammad, umma iftahlee abwaabaa rahmatik ; 39
The Sunnan Concerning the Tawaaf: Going around the Ka bah in Tawaaf when you come for Umrah, or Hajj, you should put your Ihraam under your armpit. This means exposing the right shoulder during Tawaaf. Before you start your Tawaaf try to kiss the Black Stone, if you can reach it without harm to yourself or the others. If you cannot then raise your right hand and say Allahu Akbar. Prostrating on the Black Stone after kissing it, with your forehead. Circumambulating the Ka bah in the first three rounds, with a faster speed than the circumambulation in the last four rounds. Touching the corner before the corner of the Black stone, with your right hand if you can reach it. It is called ar- Rukn al-yamani. Between Yamani corner and the black stone you say: Rabbanaa aatinaa fid-dunyaa hasan; wa fil aakhirati hasanah, wa qinaa adhaaba-n-naar. -- This means O our Lord, Grant us the goodness of this life, and the good of the hereafter, and protect us from the fire. Saying: Wat takhidhu min maqaami Ibraahima musallaa Which means And take from the station of Abraham a prayer area. You say this when you are approaching the station of Ibrahim. Praying two raka aat after the Tawaaf while the two shoulders are covered behind the Station of Ibrahim, reciting in these two raka at:surah al Kaafirun; and Surah Al Ikhaas..Hugging the Ka bah in the spot which is in-between the Black Stone and the door of the Ka bah, by putting your 40
chest, the right side of your face and your two arms on the Ka bah; Drinking from the water of Zam-Zam and pouring it over your head. The Sunnan of Saa i The optional deeds of going between Safaa and Marwah: Before you go to Safaa and Marwah, after you finish your Tawaaf and your Salaah by the Station of Ibrahim, you go kiss the Black Stone again if you can. Say the verse Inna Safaa wal Marwata min sha aairillaah. Faman hajjah al baitah awwi tammar falaa junaaha alaihi anyattawafa bihimaa, wa man tatawwa a khayran fa inna llaaha shaakirun aleem. Verily Safaa and Marwah are among the Symbols of Allah. So those who visit the House in the Season or at other times, should compass them round, it is no sin in them. If anyone obeys his own impulse to Good, be sure that Allah is He Who recognizes and knows. (Qur an 2:158) When you get closer to as-safaa, you will say: Nabda u bimaa bada Allahubihi. Facing the Ka bah while you are standing on the Safaa mountain and saying three times the following: Laa ilaaha illa llaah, wahdahu, laa shareeka lah, Lahul mulku wa lahul hamdu yuhyee wa yumeet, Wa huwa alaa kulli shay-in qadir, Laa ilaaha illa llaah, Wahdahu laa shareeka lah, Anjaza wa ada, wa nasara abdah wa hazama l-ahzaaba wahda. After this you supplicate and repeat the above Dhikr again, for the second time, making Du aa after this, 41
then repeat it again for the third time and make Du aa after this. To run between the two green lights. When you go to the Marwah, face the Ka bah, and say the same Dhikr and Du aa again as you did on the Safaa. The Sunan of the Eighth of Dhul Hijjah Going to Mina and spending the night. Pray Dhuhr and Asr, Maghrib and Ishaa. Shorten your prayer and do not combine on that day. Leave Mina to "Namirah", and wait there until time of Zuhr, pray Dhuhr and Asr combined and shortened. 42
Some Important Landmarks Hajr Aswad (The Black Stone) A shiny Black Stone that is embedded in one of the corners of the Ka baa, in an oval shape casing made of silver. This will mark the beginning and end of each circuit around the Ka baa. All the minarets of the Grand-Mosque are built in pairs except the one that is in line with the Stone. You will see green lights on the arched wall on the inner walls of the Grand-Mosque. Hateem This is the semicircular five feet high wall adjacent to one of the walls of the Ka bah The area inside this wall is considered to be part of the Ka bah, and salaat offered here is considered to be salaat offered inside the Ka bah. For this reason the custodians of the Grand-Mosque evacuate this area before every Fard congregation because the Imam stands outside the Ka bah. Rukn Yamaani (The corner which is directed towards Yemen) This is the corner that is to the left of the corner housing the Black Stone (As the Black Stone faces you) 43
Going to Madinah Visiting the city of the Prophet (Al Madinah) is not part of Hajj. If you do not visit Madinah due to some excuse or out of negligence there is no sin on you. If you decide to visit Madinah, take into consideration the following points: 1) Let your intention of going to Madinah be for visiting the Mosque of the Prophet. 2) When you reach the Mosque, enter with your right foot and say: Allahumma salli alaa Muhammad wa sallim, Allahumma iftahlee abwaaba rahmatik. This means: (O Allah, send praise and peace upon Muhammad. O Allah, open the gates of your mercy for me). 3) Pray two raka at before you sit. 4) Go to visit the Prophet s grave. Greet him and send peace and blessings upon him. Greet his two companions who are beside him, Abu Bakr and Umar. 5) If you want to make Du aa, turn towards the Qiblah. 6) Do not try to touch the gates of the grave of the Prophet, or any walls of the mosque seeking blessings. 7) When you step out of the mosque, step with your left foot and say: Allahumma salli alaa Muhammad wa sallim, Allahumma inni as aluka min fadlik. 44
This means Oh Allah send your peace and blessings on Muhammad, O Allah, I ask you from your bounty. 8) During your stay in Madinah, be concerned about performing as many Salaah in the Prophet's mosque, especially in Jamaa ah. 9) There is no minimum or maximum time period that one can stay in Madinah. 10) If you get a chance you should visit the Mosque of Quba 11, and the graves of the martyrs of Uhud as well as the Baqii (where many companions of the Prophet are buried). Sahl-bin-Sa ad reported that when the Uhud came to the sight of the Prophet, he said: This is a mountain which loves us and which we also love. O Allah! Abraham sanctified Mecca and I sanctify the land between its two lava plains. [Agreed] 11 The Prophet said, Whosoever purifies himself at his house and then goes to the Mosque of Quba and prays a prayer therein will be rewarded as if he performed Umrah. [Ibn Majah] 45
Hajj and Women The information in the previous chapters applies in general to men and women, unless an exemption is mentioned for women, or there are additional rulings for women. In this chapter we will gather some of the previous information and add a few more details so the Muslim sister will have a quick reference for doing Hajj. 1) The Muslim woman performing hajj must be accompanied by a mahram 12. If she has no mahram, she is not obligated to perform the Hajj. 2) If she performs her hajj without a mahram, her hajj is valid, but she will be committing a sin for travelling without a mahram. 3) A woman can wear clothing of any color during hajj. It does not have to be white. 4) Women are prohibited to wear the niqab on her face as well as gloves on her hands while in the state of ihraam. 5) If her sleeves are long enough to cover her fingers there is no harm. And if she wants to drop something over her head to cover her face without it touching the face, it is acceptable. 6) Women will repeat the talbiyah without raising her voice. It is sufficient for her to hear herself or her sister who is immediately next to her. 7) A Muslim woman does not perform ramal (fast walking) around the Ka bah, nor does she do it between the two green lights between Safaa and Marwah. 8) The Muslim woman is not required to climb the mountain of Safaa or Marwah. It is sufficient for her to reach its beginning. 12 Mahram: A mature male relative whom she cannot marry under any circumstances. 46
9) A Muslim woman is forbidden from shaving her hair. It is sufficient for her to shorten it about half an inch from the end of her braid. 10) A Muslim woman should avoid, as much as possible, being in the midst of men. Particularly when attempting to kiss the Black Stone. 11) A Muslim woman doesn t go to voluntary Hajj or Umrah unless her husband permits her. 12) A Muslim woman is excused from performing the farewell Tawaaf if her menses approaches. 13) A Muslim woman should hasten in performing tawaf al ifaadah (hajj tawaaf) as soon as possible if she is expecting her menses. 14) If a Muslim woman finds that she has begun to menstruate before performing the tawaaf of Hajj and she could not wait until her menses are over, she will make the tawaaf even if she has her menses. 15) It is permissible for the Muslim woman to take some medicine to delay her menses to avoid interrupting her hajj. It is better, however, for her to avoid interrupting her menstrual cycle. 16) It is permissible for a Muslim woman to make Saa i and to stand in Arafah, or to perform any rituals while she has her menses; with the exception of tawaaf. 47