THE LIVING THEOLOGICAL HERITAGE OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST Barbara Brown Zikmund Series Editor L T H VOLUME FOUR Consolidation and Expansion Edited by Elizabeth C. Nordbeck and Lowell //. Zuck The Pilgrim Press Cleveland, Ohio
Contents The Living Theological Heritage of the United Church of Christ xiii Part I. The Christians 1 Frontier Roots 1. Protest against Hierarchy: " The Author's Apology..." (1798) 14 JAMES O'KELLY 2. The Christian Name: " The Sacred Import of the Christian Name" 19 (1804) RICE HAGGARD 3. New England Christians: The Christian's Magazine (1805 and 1807) 28 ELIAS SMITH 4. Nature of God: "God Is Love God Is Light" (1840) 38 ABNER JONES 5. Presbyterian Protest: " The Last Will and Testament of the 42 Springfield Presbytery" (1803) 6. Western Christians: "History of the Christian Church in the West" 46 (1827 and 1838) BARTON W. STONE Unity and Structure 7. Hymnody: "... for the Use of Christians" (1815) 59 ELIAS SMITH AND ABNER JONES 8. Female Preachers: "A Letter to the Christian Herald " (1818) 67 JOSEPH Y. BURGIN 9. Controversy over Women: "... in the Gospel Luminary" (1827) 72 10. In Defense of Women: "Bigotry and Intolerance" (1826) 78 SIMON CLOUGH 11. One Woman's Perspective: "Duty of Females" (1841) 82 REBECCA MILLER
VI CONTENTS 12. The Second Great Awakening: "Revival in Peacham" (1819) 86 13. Itinerancy: "Good News from Eastport" (1834) 90 14. Herald of Gospel Liberty: "Address to the Public" (1808) 93 ELIAS SMITH 15. Christian Herald: " To Our Christian Brethren" (1818) 97 ROBERT FOSTER 16. Christian Palladium: "Address" (1834) 100 JOSEPH BADGER 17. Unity: "Union on the Right Ground" (1841) 104 18. Frontier Reform: "Declaration and Address..." (1809) 109 THOMAS CAMPBELL 19. Disciples or Christians: "Our Name" (1839) 117 ALEXANDER CAMPBELL 20. Union with Disciples: "Correspondence" (1841) 120 BARTON W. STONE AND JOSEPH MARSH 21. Unity among Christians: "Manifesto of the General Convention" 126 and "Basis of Union" (1874) 22. Ministry: "Support of the Ministry" (1836) 130 ABNER JONES 23. African American Christians: "Correspondence" (1880) 137 GEORGE W. DUNN Six Principles and the Evolution of a Denomination 24. Beliefs: Christian Palladium (1834) 140 DAVID MILLARD 25. An Outside Critic: "Dr. Channing's Letter" (1837) 148 WILLIAM ELLERY CHANNING 26. No Creed but the Bible: "Auto da Fe Act of Faith" (1836) 161 JOSEPH H. SMITH 27. Anti-Creedalism: " Creeds Rejected" (1838) 166 SIMON CLOUGH 28. Dissent: "The Christian Name" (1841) 169 Apolles 29. Communion: "Close Communion Inconsistency" (1841) 172 L. PERRY 30. The Case for Union: "Principles of Union" (1840) 175 IRA ALLEN 31. Church Membership: "Response" (1840) 178 JOSEPH MARSH 32. Ecumenical Unity: "Is This Disunion to Be Perpetuated?" (1844) 181 THOMAS DICK 33. North-South Union: "Plan of Union of the General 185 Convention" (1890)
CONTENTS Vll 34. Young Women: "Our Girls" (1900) 187 NICHOLAS SUMMERBELL 35. Belief and Practice: The Christian Pulpit (1869) 195 NICHOLAS SUMMERBELL Part II. The German Evangelicals 205 European Origins 36. Lutheran-Reformed Merger: "King's Uniting Cabinet Order" (1817) 212 37. On Church Union: "A Letter..." (1818) 215 FRIEDRICH SCHLEIERMACHER 38. Mission to German Immigrants: "Diary" (1836-44) 217 JOSEPH RIEGER 39. Pietism: "Six Proposals" (1675) 230 PHILIPP JAKOB SPENER 40. Basel Mission Society: "Announcement..." (1815) 240 41. Christian Education: "Some Great Objectives" (1919) 243 HULDA NlEBUHR 42. The Role of the Pastor: " Call Your Pastor When..." (1950s) 246 North American Experience 43. Seminary Education: " The Preacher's Seminary" (1850 and 1890) 248 44. Prussian Book of Worship: "Agende" (1822) 253 45. Evangelical Confessional Statements: "Confessional Statement" 255 (1840,1841, and 1848) 46. Opposition from Rationalists: "Concerns" and "Program of 257 the Friends of Light" (1841 and 1844) FRIEDRICH MUENCH AND PAUL FOLLENIUS 47. Opposition from Confessional Lutherans: "Letter" and 259 " Der Lutheraner" (1840 and 1844) GEORGE WALL AND CARL FERDINAND WILHELM WALTHER Mission and Outreach 48. Global Mission: "What Right and Duty Does Our Synod Have 261 to Support an Independent Mission?" (1880) CONRAD BECHTOLD 49. Deaconess Work: "Rules for Admission" and 265 "Order for Consecration" (1889) 50. Parish Deaconesses: "Principles in Parish Deaconess Work" (1916) 272 ADELE E. HOSTO 51. Attitudes toward Slavery: "Letters and Reports to 277 Mission Societies" (1853,1856,1863, and 1864)
Vlll CONTENTS Confessional Identity 52. Messenger Platform: "Der Friedensbote" (1850) 281 53. A Union Catechism: Evangelical Catechism (1867) 283 54. Commentary on the Catechism: Evangelical Fundamentals (1897) 303 DANIEL IRION 55. Catechism Updated: Evangelical Catechism (Revised Edition) (1929) 317 56. Evangelical Hymnal: "Preface" (1862) 336 57. Piety Preached: "Weeds in the Wheat" (1865) 338 ANDREAS IRION 58. Becoming a Denomination: "Sermon" and "Report on 344 the Churches" (1868) ADOLPH BALTZER 59. Biblical Scholarship: "Exposition of Romans for Educated 349 Congregational Members" (1883) KARL EMIL OTTO 60. Being Evangelical Men: "Our Educational Institutions" (1916) 352 SAMUEL PRESS In Essentials, Unity 61. Unity as a Calling: "Where Shall We Go?" (1919) 357 REINHOLD NIEBUHR 62. Identity: "Why Go at All?" (1919) 363 W. F. HENNINGER 63. Ecumenism: "In Essentials, Unity" (1929) 371 WERNER PETERSMANN 64. Freedom: "In Non-essentials, Liberty" (1929) 383 CARL E. SCHNEIDER 65. Reflections on Ministry: Leaves from the Notebook 390 of a Tamed Cynic (1929) REINHOLD NIEBUHR 66. Ministry and the World: " The Spirit of Jesus and 398 Industrial Ethics" (1930) ELMER ARNDT 67. The Evangelical Catechism Revisited: "The Theology of the 407 Catechism" (1972) WALTER A. BRUEGGEMANN Part III. The Congregationalists 413 Strains within Congregationalism 68. Unitarianism: A Statement of Reasons for Not Believing 420 the Doctrines of Trinitarians (1819) ANDREWS NORTON
CONTENTS IX 69. Revivalism: "What a Revival of Religion Is" (1830s) 425 CHARLES GRANDISON FINNEY 70. Disestablishment: "Downfall of the Standing Order" (1818) 431 LYMAN BEECHER Frontier Congregationalism 11. Ecumenical Cooperation: "Plan of Union" and 435 "Abrogation of Plan" (1801 and 1851) 72. Ohio's Western Reserve: "Confession of Faith and Covenant, 439 Madison, Ohio" (1814) 73. Illinois: "Articles of Faith and Covenant, DuPage, Illinois" (1833) 442 74. Iowa: "Articles of Faith, General Congregational Association" (1845) 446 75. Poems for the Nation: "New Mexico," "The Fair Southwest" 450 and " The Song of the Mountains" (1880-93) 76. California: Hand-book of the Congregational Churches (1887) 454 Congregationalism and Women 77. Women and Scripture: "Exegesis..." (1849) 461 ANTOINETTE BROWN 78. Women and Ordination: "Woman's Right to Preach the Gospel" 469 (1853) LUTHER LEE 79. Women's Leadership: "Women's Rights" (1853) 487 Congregationalism Come of Age 80. Congregational Hymns: Hymns (1800-87) 490 TIMOTHY DWIGHT, WILLIAM B. TAPPAN, LEONARD BACON, WASHINGTON GLADDEN, AND ERNEST W. SHURTLEFF 81. Congregational Pride: "The Vitality of Congregationalism" (1852) 497 82. Congregational Principles: "Burial Hill Declaration" (1865) 501 83. Congregational Doctrine: "The Creed of 1883" (1883) 505 84. Social Gospel: "Kansas City Statement of Faith" (1913) 508 Part IV. The German Reformed Tradition 511 North American Context and European Legacies 85. Frontier Revival Sermon: "The Salvation..." (1780) 517 PHILIP WILLIAM OTTERBEIN 86. First General Synod: "The State of the Church" (1863) 521 87. Heidelberg Catechism at Three Hundred Years: 526 "Historical Introduction" (1863) PHILIP SCHAFF
X CONTENTS The Mercersberg Movement and the Old Reformed 88. Mercersberg Theology: "Letter to Dr. Henry Harbaugh" (1860) 531 JOHN WILLIAMSON NEVIN 89. High Churchism: " The Contest with High-Churchism 535 in the Reformed Church" (1868) H. J. RUETENIK 90. A Defense of Mercersberg Theology: " The Church Movement: 544 Seventh Article" (1868) JOHN WILLIAMSON NEVIN 91. The Arguments over Baptism: "Controversy on Infant Baptism" 550 (1860s) JAMES I. GOOD 92. Old Reformed View of Baptism: " The Children of Believers 554 prior to Baptism" (1860s) G. W. WlLLIARD 93. Objections to the Revised Liturgy: "Report of the Minority 561 of the Committee" (1866) J. H. GOOD, D. WINTERS, EDWARD SWANDER, AND V. C. TIDBALL 94. Old Reformed Concerns: The Myerstown Convention (1867) 565 95. Views of Ministry: "Are Ministers of the Gospel 575 Priests and Kings?" (1868) JEREMIAH H. GOOD Christ-Centered Theology 96. Christology: Christological Theology (1864) 583 HENRY HARBAUGH 97. Christ-Centered Piety: Hymns and Poems (1860 and 1922) 591 HENRY HARBAUGH AND ALICE NEVIN 98. Christology Upheld: "Christ the Revealer and Redeemer" (1891) 595 EMANUEL V. GERHART Immigration and Migration 99. Early Concern for Mission Outreach: Eastern and 601 Western Perspectives (1849) 100. The Story of One Immigrant: " The Grace of God in Human Life 610 and in the Gospel Ministry" (1863) HERMAN RUST 101. Concern over Cooperative Missions: "Letter to 625 H.A.Muehlmeier"(1853) EMANUEL V. GERHART
CONTENTS XI New Challenges 102. Deaconesses: " Report of the Committee on the 628 Office of Deaconesses" (1881) 103. Women and Missions: Women's Missionary Society 635 (1880s and 1890s) 104. Hungarian Martyrs: " Lift Your Head, O Martyrs, Weeping" (1674) 640 KAROLY JESZENSKY Sources 643 Index 651 Scriptural Index 663