Class 3: Age of the Reformation IV and the Pray for brokenness Anapatists Catabaptists Anti-Padobaptists Credobaptists Widertaufer Heretics Bretheren Beleivers Christians Church History II A history of radicalism Zwickau Prophets in Wittenberg (1521-1525) - Had visions dreams, and talked to God and Gabriel - Rejected the written word, regular ministry, and infant baptism - Preached the overthrow of all in the Millennium - Inspired the Peasants war Munster Rebellion (1532-1536) - stronghold revolted - Became "New Jerusalem" 1534 - The leader died leading a charge of 30 men while declaring he was Gideon - Came under the leadership of "King David" aka Jan Beukelzoon who instituted polygamy - January 1536 the town was lost and the rebels tortured, publicly executed and then displayed Pacifist Anabaptism - Menno Simmons an ex-roman Catholic priest (Mennonites came from these guys) - Joined other under a pacifist teacher - After Munster he allowed many to join the pacifist sect having greatest influence in the Netherlands - He guided and solidified Dutch Anabaptism resulting in them being renamed Mennonites
Swiss or mainstream Anabaptism - Led by Grebel, Menz, Bluarock and Hubmaler - Three main doctrinal points 1. Believers Baptism 2. Separation of Church and State 3. Separation from the world/ungodliness - No specific mode of baptism - Believed in symbolic baptism/communion - Wrote many hymns Persecution of in Switzerland - Debated Zwingli without result Re: infant baptism - Zwingli ordered all infants baptized or they and families would be exiled - responded with a procession through town declaring "Woe, woe until Zurich!" - 6 were executed leading to a nation wide persecution - Swiss persecution emphasized exile and drowning upon return rather than instant execution, they still martyred quite a few German/Austrian Persecution - Much more severe, taking Luther's violent words and putting them to action - Event worse in Catholic controlled areas with thousands of martyred rather than hundreds - Behead those who recant, burn those who refuse A non-radical or extremist reformation Started with a tradition of conservatism and honest reform, than with a radical break from Rome Cardinal Thomas Wolsey was Chancellor of the realm, bishop of Winchester, ran the abbey of St. Albans, and was archbishop of York He loved luxury and wanted to become pope, so had no real interest in breaking with Rome Wolsey championed the "new learning" and criticized the abuses taking place in the monastery Remodeled oxford and funded professorships in theology and classics Obtained papal sanction and suppressed -40 monasteries He declined to allow I's divorce and was deprived of office then arrested as a traitor He died on the way to trial
Wolsey was replaced by Sir Thomas More who was a great example of an English Reformer A good friend of Erasmus, he was well educated and dedicated to reformation of the Catholics Wrote book entitled Utopia After becoming Chancellor he continued to carry out the reforms of Wolsey He assented to Henry's divorce, but unwillingly hoping to gain a break from papal taxes rather than a break from Rome Cambridge scholar William Tyndale requested permission to translate the bible He was rejected then traveled to Hamburg to translate in secret 1526 he first printed the NT, 1530 portions of the OT followed The bible was badly received by scholars due to many inaccuracies, Thomas More wrote thousands of pages of refutation against it. The Bishop of London bought up all of the 15,000 copies he could find and burnt them. This financed many later printings. Tyndall's version provided a basis for all later English translations of the bible A newer version translated by Mike Coverdale used the Vulgate instead of Greek and Hebrew The Coverdale bible was neither officially oppressed or supported 1537 Matthew's Bible a mix of Tyndale and Coverdale was printed 1539 the "Great Bible" was printed It was the officially accepted version that had been carefully translated by bishops With it's release it was ordered that every parish be furnished with a bible and that access to it would be made available to all I was second in line to become king behind his brother Arthur who married Catharine of Aragon His brother died and Henry became Prince of Wals(crown prince) at 11 years old After his fathers death in order to maintain ties with Spain he married Catharine in 1509 He received a special dispensation from pope Julius II allowing him to marry his brothers wife After 7 pregnancies and only one daughter to show for it. Henry became dissatisfied with Catharine as he wanted a male heir He pursued the sister of his mistress named Anne Boleyn who wouldn't have him without first being married
He sought a divorce with the "Spanish Cow" The pope didn't want to grant the divorce due to various political problems Henry in response declared the popes authority non-effective in England This was not a break with the church and Henry was a good Catholic, he just wanted his desires more than he wanted the church Without need for papal consent he was easily divorced and secretly married in 1533 later that year the marriage was made public 1534 parliament passed the act of Supremacy Thomas More pleaded illness and retired as Chancellor after the Act of Supremacy was passed He refused to acknowledge Henry as Supreme head of the church 3 years later he was hanged Henry passed the Six Articles asserting; transubstantiation, cup communion, celibacy of priests, endurance of vows of chastity, utility of private massed and auricular confession(have to go to priest and confess outloud). Henry was roman Catholic to his inner being I The enforcement of the Six Articles and other nets resulted in the death of many protestants and Catholics Henry continued to persecute monasteries and dissolved more than 400 confiscating their property Henry was married 6 times, none seemed particularly happy He died not particularly lamented in 1547 leaving Edward VI to become king Edward VI was only nine when he became king leaving England to be ruled by his Regents Dating his reign England became Protestant The statute of burning heretics was removed, Communion was restored, clerical marriage was allowed and protestants were accepted Cranmer wrote the "Book of common prayer" providing a liturgy for the new English church Edward VI died 2 months after the book was published and his half sister mary took the throne (Bloody) Mary I 1553-1558 Mary I was the daughter of Henry and Catharine of Aragon and held her mothers sympathies with the Roman Catholic faith One of her first acts as queen was to behead the ex-regent who resisted her accession
She married her Spanish Cousin Philip which was not well received by the English people. She enforced Catholicism across England giving a triple test to heretics Heretics were allowed to flee England, but if caught were tested and executed (Bloody) Mary I 1553-1558 1553-1558 was her reign and -300 were executed as heretics during this time, burning was her preferred method Famous among the executed were Bishops Latimer and Ridley, and Archbishop of Cranmer Mary died more than likely of Ovarian cancer, which also explains why she never gave birth to an heir She was succeeded by here younger half sister Elizabeth I Elizabeth I 1558-1603 Elizabeth was Protestant and restored much of the Protestant customs She was a clever and wise ruler so restored Protestantism slowly and with popular opinion Rejected the Popes authority over England and replaced it with her own Modified the 42 articles into the 39 articles still used today Was religiously tolerant and wanted religious peace above freedom A wise ruler the "virgin queen" died the oldest English monarch (70 years old)