HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY STUDENT BOOK

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY STUDENT BOOK 5th Grad Unit 3

Unit 3 A TIME OF TESTING HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY 503 A TIME OF TESTING Introduction 3 1. Jffrson...5 Land and Pirats 7 Growing Biggr 11 British Problms 14 Slf Tst 1 18 2. War of 1812... 21 War Bgins 22 Dark Days Turn Brightr 25 How It Endd 28 Slf Tst 2 33 3. Changs Aftr th War... 37 Good Flings 39 Not-So-Good Flings 44 Roads, Stamboats, and Canals 48 Slf Tst 3 53 LIFEPAC Tst Pull-out 1

A TIME OF TESTING Unit 3 Author: Thrsa Busky, J.D. Editor: Alan Christophrson, M.S. Mdia Crdits: Pag 3: Anthony Totah,Hmra,Thinkstock; 5, 39: Stvn Wynn, istock, Thinkstock; 8: Dynamic Graphics 2007, liquidlibrary, Thinkstock; 9: alancrosthwait, istock, Thinkstock; 11: Dorling Kindrsly, Thinkstock; 12: Christophr Paqutt, istock,thinkstock; 14: Christoffr Wilhlm Eckrsbrg, Randrs Art Musum; 15: Gary Tognoni, istock,thinkstock; 16: Photos. com, Thinkstock; 21: AdamParnt, istock, Thinkstock 23: Jan,Marc labal, istock, Thinkstock 25: J. Carl Burk, Jr., Unitd Stats Library of Congrss; 26: Gorg Mungr, Th Whit Hous Historical Association; Zack Frank, istock, Thinkstock; 27: Courtsy of th Navy Art Collction, Washington, D.C.; 28: ClaudinVM, istock, Thinsktock; 29: akova, istock, Thinkstock; Jan Hyacinth d Laclott, Nw Orlans Musum of Art; 30: Eugn Gurvich, Hmra, Thinkstock; Mark Stphnson, istock, Thinkstock; 37: David Biagi, istock, Thinkstock; 40, 46: Dnis Kozlnko, istock, Thinkstock; vanma, istock, Thinkstock; 41: Sharon Day, istock, Thinkstock; 44: Sourabh Jain, istock, Thinkstock; 48: alxys, istock, Thinkstock; 49: mchanrfr, istock, Thinkstock; 50: Ans, istock, Thinkstock; All maps in this book Map Rsourcs, unlss othrwis statd. 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759 MM by Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All rights rsrvd. LIFEPAC is a rgistrd tradmark of Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. All tradmarks and/or srvic marks rfrncd in this matrial ar th proprty of thir rspctiv ownrs. Alpha Omga Publications, Inc. maks no claim of ownrship to any tradmarks and/or srvic marks othr than thir own and thir affiliats, and maks no claim of affiliation to any companis whos tradmarks may b listd in this matrial, othr than thir own. 2

Unit 3 A TIME OF TESTING A TIME OF TESTING Franc was at war with Britain and othr countris for many of th yars btwn 1792 and 1815. Ths wars provd to b a larg hadach for th Unitd Stats. Amrica trid to stay nutral. Howvr, th British and th Frnch wantd to stop th Amricans from trading with thir nmy. Both sids stoppd Amrican ships that wr trying to bring goods to on sid or th othr for sal. Thy oftn sizd th cargo and took it for thir own nation! Howvr, th British wr th worst. Thy took Amrican citizns! Th British navy ndd samn for th war and thy oftn took thm off any Amrican ships thy stoppd. This staling of popl angrd Amrica so much that w wnt to war again with Britain in 1812. This was a tim of tsting for th young Unitd Stats. Th problms lading up th war tstd th nation as much as th war itslf. Th stats and popl had to kp working togthr, obying th govrnmnt during som hard tims. Thy had to rbuild aftrward. Thn, th country had to fac th issu of slavry which was alrady thratning to divid th north from th south. 3

A TIME OF TESTING Unit 3 Objctivs Rad ths objctivs. Th objctivs tll you what you will b abl to do whn you hav succssfully compltd this LIFEPAC. Each sction will list according to th numbrs blow what objctivs will b mt in that sction. Whn you hav finishd this LIFEPAC, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib th blifs and actions of Thomas Jffrson as prsidnt. 2. Dscrib th continuing battls btwn th Unitd Stats and th Nativ Amricans. 3. Explain why th war in Europ causd problms for th Unitd Stats and how Jffrson trid to solv thos problms. 4. List th rasons why th U.S. wnt to war with Britain in 1812. 5. Dscrib th major battls and nam th important hros of th War of 1812. 6. Dscrib th way th War of 1812 ndd and its rsults. 7. Dscrib th changs and important vnts of th yars aftr th War of 1812. 8. Dscrib th important changs in transportation in Amrica in th arly 1800s. 4

Unit 3 A TIME OF TESTING 1. JEFFERSON Thomas Jffrson bcam prsidnt in 1801 with vry strong idas about what th prsidnt should and should not do. H found, howvr, that th nds of th job wr biggr than his idas. H bought a hug chunk of land to add to th country, vn though h blivd h should not. H st th navy into battl with pirats, snt out a famous scintific xpdition, and vn stoppd all Amrican trad. H actd much strongr as prsidnt than his own idas should hav prmittd. H also was unabl to stop th growing problms with Britain. Shortly aftr h lft offic, Amrica dclard war on Britain. Whil Jffrson was prsidnt, Amricans continud to mov onto th frontir. Th land prics wr low, but th work was hard. Popl on th frontir livd in log cabins that thy built with thir own hands, and thr wr fw stors from which to buy things. Yt, th nation grw as mor popl movd wst and mor stats wr addd to th Union. Objctivs Rviw ths objctivs. Whn you hav compltd this sction, you should b abl to: 1. Dscrib th blifs and actions of Thomas Jffrson as prsidnt. 2. Dscrib th continuing battls btwn th Unitd Stats and th Nativ Amricans. 3. Explain why th war in Europ causd problms for th Unitd Stats and how Jffrson trid to solv thos problms. 4. List th rasons why th U.S. wnt to war with Britain in 1812. Sction 1 5

A TIME OF TESTING Unit 3 Vocabulary Study ths nw words. Larning th manings of ths words is a good study habit and will improv your undrstanding of this LIFEPAC. dsrt (di zėr t ). To go away and lav a prson or plac, spcially on that should not b lft; forsak. dictator (dik tā t r). A prson who ruls, using complt authority. xpdition (k sp dish n). A journy for a spcial purpos, such as xploration or scintific study. ransom (ran s m). Th pric paid or dmandd bfor a captiv is st fr. sapling (sap ling). A young tr. shingl (shing g l). A thin pic of wood or othr matrial, usd to covr roofs and walls. Shingls ar laid in ovrlapping rows with th thickr nd showing. subdu (s b dü ). To ovrcom by forc; conqur. Not: All vocabulary words in this LIFEPAC appar in boldfac print th first tim thy ar usd. If you ar unsur of th maning whn you ar rading, study th dfinitions givn. Pronunciation Ky: hat, āg, cãr, fär; lt, ēqual, tėrm; it, īc; hot, ōpn, ôrdr; oil; out; cup, pu t, rül; child; long; thin; / ŦH/ for thn; /zh/ for masur; /u/ or / / rprsnts /a/ in about, // in takn, /i/ in pncil, /o/ in lmon, and /u/ in circus. OREGON COUNTRY (claimd by both th Unitd Stats and Grat Britain) BRITISH TERRITORY ME VT UNORGANIZED TERRITORY MO 1821 IL 1818 IN 1816 KY 1792 OH 1803 VA NY PA NJ MD DE NH MA CT RI TN 1796 NC LA 1812 MS 1817 AL 1819 GA SC ATLANTIC OCEAN GULF OF MEXICO Th Unitd Stats in about 1830 6 Sction 1

Unit 3 A TIME OF TESTING Land and Pirats Jffrson. Our third prsidnt, Thomas Jffrson, was a vry brilliant man. H rad all kinds of books. H was vry intrstd in scinc. H had travld around Europ whn h rplacd Bnjamin Franklin as our rprsntativ in Franc. H lovd to try nw idas and invnt usful itms for his hom, lik swivling chairs. H had bn activ in th govrnmnt sinc his hom stat of Virginia had bn a British colony. H had a talnt for writing that h usd to writ th Dclaration of Indpndnc. Jffrson also had som strong idas about what th Unitd Stats should b and how it should b run. H wantd his country to b a nation of farmrs, not factoris. H wantd a small, wak national govrnmnt. H also firmly blivd that th common popl should rul thmslvs. Rmmbr, th ida in Europ was that th nobls ruld and th popl obyd. Many of th ladrs in Amrica still kpt parts of that ida. Thy distrustd ordinary popl and wantd only popl with walth and powr to rul. Thomas Jffrson was on of th popl who changd this in Amrica. H workd to giv mor popl th right to vot and nd things that limitd thir frdom, lik govrnmnt churchs. Soon, th ida that th popl ruld would b accptd all ovr in th Unitd Stats. Howvr, Jffrson s othr idas about a wak fdral govrnmnt and a nation of farmrs wr not as succssful. Fort Clatsop wintr quartrs 1805-1806 Lwis s rtu rn Cano Camp Travll rs Rst Clark s Thr Forks Camp rturn ton ows Yll r Riv Fort Mandan wintr quart rs 1804-1805 M iss iss r k na Riv S Mis sou ip pi Ri v r ri Ri vr Platt Rivr Louisiana Purchas 1803 St. Louis Dpartur: May 14, 1804 Th Lwis and Clark Expdition / Th Louisiana Purchas Sction 1 7

A TIME OF TESTING Unit 3 Thomas Jffrson trid to kp to his idas at first. H ran th govrnmnt as chaply as h could. H ndd th tax on whisky. H paid off as much of th govrnmnt s dbts as h could. H also did not spnd much mony on th navy and th army. As a rsult, th country was not rady to dfnd itslf whn th warring nations in Europ bgan taking Amrican ships, goods, and popl. Louisiana Purchas. Th land ast of th Mississippi Rivr blongd to Amrica. Bfor th Rvolution, th land wst of th Mississippi (up to th Rocky Mountains) had blongd to Spain. Howvr, Spain rturnd it to Franc in about 1800. In 1803, Franc offrd to sll all of this land, calld Louisiana, to th Unitd Stats for $15 million! Thomas Jffrson did not know what to do! Th Constitution did not say anything about buying mor trritory. If h followd his own idas about th Constitution and a wak fdral govrnmnt, h would hav to rfus. Howvr, th land was vry valuabl and that was a good pric for it (about 3 an acr). Th purchas would almost doubl th siz of th country. It would also giv Amrica complt control of th Mississippi Rivr which was ndd as a highway into th trritoris wst of th Appalachians. Jffrson ralizd h could not pass this up. H agrd to buy th land. W call this land th Louisiana Purchas. Lwis and Clark. No on knw what was in th vast, mpty land Amrica had just bought. On writr told tals of a salt mountain on hundrd and ighty mils long and forty-fiv mils wid. Othr popl wr concrnd that dinosaurs might liv thr aftr som of thir bons wr found. Jffrson, th scintist, dcidd to find out. Jffrson snt a spcial xpdition out to xplor th Louisiana Purchas. Jffrson s scrtary, a soldir namd Mriwthr Lwis, was on of th ladrs. Th othr was William Clark, a formr soldir and th youngr brothr of th Rvolutionary hro Gorg Rogrs Clark. Thir trip was calld th Lwis and Clark Expdition. Th Lwis and Clark Expdition lft St. Louis, Missouri, a frontir town, in May of 1804. Thy travld up th Missouri Rivr toward th Rocky Mountains. All along th way thy collctd plants and took carful nots. Thy took nots on th animals, th climat, th wathr, th Indians, and many othr things. Thy stoppd for th wintr in North Dakota. Thr thy mt a Shoshon Indian woman namd Sacagawa. Sh was a big hlp to thm. Sh showd th xpdition a way ovr th Rocky Mountains in th spring, carrying Lwis and Clark 8 Sction 1

Unit 3 A TIME OF TESTING hr baby on hr back as sh wnt. Thy mt hr brothr on th trip. H tradd with th Amricans for food and othr supplis thy ndd. Th xpdition crossd all th way ovr th Rocky Mountains. It travld down th Columbia Rivr in Orgon and rachd th Pacific Ocan. Ths wr th vry first Amricans vr to cross th continnt by land. Thy spnt th wintr by th ocan and startd back in th spring. Thy finally got back to St. Louis in Sptmbr of 1806. Thy had travld about 8,000 mils by cano, horsback, and foot. Thy brought back thousands of sampls and nots. Thr was so much information that it took until 1815 to put it togthr and publish it (and that book did not includ vrything). Th xpdition told Amricans a grat dal about thir nw land and gav th Unitd Stats a claim to Orgon. Barbary Coast. Th north coast of Africa, calld th Barbary Coast, was th hom of many pirats in 1800. Ths popl would captur trading ships that saild into th Mditrranan Sa, holding th ships and sailors for ransom. Th only way a nation could protct its ships was to pay hug bribs Th US Marins first major action was in Tripoli. to th pirats vry yar. Whn Jffrson was prsidnt, th U.S. was paying on of ths nations, Tripoli, $2 million a yar (which was a lot of mony at th tim). In 1801, th Pasha (rulr) of Tripoli dcidd h wantd mor and bgan attacking Amrican ships. By that tim, Jffrson had nough. H ordrd th small Amrican navy to attack Tripoli. Th navy fought vry wll, arning th rspct of not only th pirats but also Europan nations. Finally, th Pasha agrd to a much smallr paymnt. Aftr vn mor fighting latr, th paymnts wr stoppd altogthr. Th officrs and sailors in th U.S. Navy larnd a grat dal in this small war that would hlp thm in 1812 whn Amrica dclard war on Britain. Put an X by th things that ar tru about Thomas Jffrson. 1.1 H hatd to rad. 1.2 H did not think it was constitutional to buy mor trritory, but h did it anyway. Sction 1 9

A TIME OF TESTING Unit 3 1.3 H wantd th rich and powrful to rul. 1.4 H wantd a nation of farmrs. 1.5 H ran th govrnmnt as chaply as possibl. 1.6 H kpt th U.S. Navy strong. 1.7 H wantd a wak national govrnmnt. 1.8 H put th fdral govrnmnt dpr in dbt. 1.9 H likd to invnt usful things. Complt ths sntncs. 1.10 Th Unitd Stats. bought th land wst of th Mississippi Rivr, calld th Purchas, from Franc for dollars. 1.11 Th ladrs of th scintific xpdition snt to xplor Amrica s nw land wr and. This xpdition xplord th Rivr in Orgon and rachd th Ocan ovr land. 1.12 A Shoshon Indian woman namd hlpd th Expdition to find a way across th Rocky Mountains. 1.13 Thomas Jffrson snt th Amrican navy to attack th pirat nation of on th north coast of Africa. 1.14 Pirats on th Barbary Coast would captur ships and sailors to hold for. 10 Sction 1

A TIME OF TESTING Unit 3 SELF TEST 1 Match ths popl. Som answrs will b usd mor than onc (ach answr, 3 points). 1.01 Fourth U.S. prsidnt 1.02 Kpt taxs too low to build a larg navy 1.03 Jffrson s scrtary, xpdition ladr in Louisiana 1.04 Shoshon woman, aidd xpdition xploring Louisiana 1.05 Askd Congrss to dclar war on Britain a. Thomas Jffrson b. Jams Madison c. William Clark d. Mriwthr Lwis. Tcumsh f. Sacagawa g. Mad Anthony Wayn h. William Hnry Harrison 1.06 Indiana trritorial govrnor, dfatd th Indians at Tippcano 1.07 Shawn chif, formd an Indian Confdracy 1.08 Expdition ladr in Louisiana, soldir and brothr of a Rvolutionary war hro 1.09 Rvolutionary war hro, dfatd th Indians at Falln Timbrs 1.010 Bought Louisiana for th U.S. 18 Sction 1

Unit 3 A TIME OF TESTING Fill in th blanks to finish ths sntncs (ach answr, 4 points). 1.011 Th group snt out to xplor Louisiana by Thomas Jffrson was calld th Expdition. 1.012 Jffrson snt th Amrican navy to attack th pirats on th Coast in 1801. 1.013 Popl who movd to th frontir wr calld. 1.014 Amricans wr angry bcaus th wr supplying th Indians in th Northwst Trritory with guns. 1.015 Thomas Jffrson trid to gt th Europans to rspct Amrican ships by stopping all U.S. trad with an in 1807. 1.016 Th young Congrssmn who wantd war wr calld. 1.017 Amrica s scond war with Britain was calld th. 1.018 Most popl who movd to th frontir livd in. 1.019 Amrica bought all of th land wst of th Mississippi Rivr, calld th, from Franc in 1803 for $15 million. 1.020 British officrs took mn off Amrican ships, a practic calld. Writ tru or fals in th blank (ach answr, 3 points). 1.021 Th Rocky Mountain Expdition gav Amrica a claim to Orgon. 1.022 Jffrson blivd Amrica should b ruld by th common popl. 1.023 Amricans could pay $320 in four paymnts to buy a 320 acr frontir farm in 1800. 1.024 Th Pasha of Tripoli was an Amrican ally. 1.025 Th frontir hlpd mak Amricans strong, indpndnt and frdom loving. 1.026 Lif was fair and asy in th British navy. Sction 1 19

HIS GEO Gr3-5 HIS0503 Jan 16 Printing 804 N. 2nd Av. E. Rock Rapids, IA 51246-1759 800-622-3070 www.aop.com ISBN 978-1-58095-163-0 9 781580 951630