CHARLEMAGNE AND THE NEW EUROPE
Rise of the Carolingians 7 th century CE = Frankish leaders were symbolic dukes were in charge Charles the Hammer Martel (688-741) = first Carolingian Held important office Early 700s = everyone knows he is in charge Pepin III (ca. 714-768) = Martel s son/heir 751 = Pope Zachary (r. 741-752) declared Pepin King First partnership of the Church and a monarchy
Charlemagne and the New West Charlemagne (743-814) = Pepin s son/heir Incredible military leader
Charlemagne and the New West Charlemagne (743-814) = Pippin s son/heir Incredible military leader Use of the Danube River The Carolingian Renaissance Infrastructural improvements Recruited intellectuals/clergy Alcuin of York (ca. 732-804) John Scotus Erigena (ca. 810-ca. 877) Reform was expensive Forced tithes
Charlemagne and the New West Carolingian Government Unity through Christianity Reliance on counts Charlemagne s mobile palace Comparisons between Charlemagne and Constantine?
Charlemagne and the New West Carolingian Government Unity through Christianity Reliance on counts Charlemagne s mobile palace Comparisons between Charlemagne and Constantine? Protected Pope Leo III from Lombards 25 December 800 = Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Anglo-Saxon England King Offa of Mercia (ruled, 757-796) Kingdom of Wessex 865 = Last kingdom standing after Viking raids King Alfred of Wessex (ruled, 870-899) stopped Vikings Popular legal reforms 899 = Alfred dies after uniting southern England
Anglo-Saxon England King Offa of Mercia (ruled, 757-796) Kingdom of Wessex 865 = Last kingdom standing after Viking raids King Alfred of Wessex (ruled, 870-899) stopped Vikings Popular legal reforms 899 = Alfred dies after uniting southern England Vikings settled and were culturally absorbed
Nordic Scandinavia Not just Vikings... Amazing ship-builders Scandinavian society: Three classes: wealthy chiefs, free peasants, and slaves Emphasis on war and personal glory Shockingly emancipated women 8 th century = focus shifts from internal to external enemies Viking = raiding
Nordic Scandinavia Not just Vikings... Amazing ship-builders Scandinavian society: Three classes: wealthy chiefs, free peasants, and slaves Emphasis on war and personal glory Shockingly emancipated women 8 th century = focus shifts from internal to external enemies Viking = raiding More and more organization... Harold Fairhair (860-933) of the Norwegians
The Slavs 6 th century = unique Slavic identity emerged 7 th century = Moravian Empire established
The Slavs 6 th century = unique Slavic identity emerged 7 th century = Moravian Empire established 864 = Louis the German conquered Moravia 895 = Magyars invaded Pannonia
The Slavs 6 th century = unique Slavic identity emerged 7 th century = Moravian Empire established 864 = Louis the German conquered Moravia 895 = Magyars invaded Pannonia, split Slavic world In the north = Slavs of Poland, Russia, Ukraine In the south = Slavs of the Balkan states Magyars terrorized Germans for 50 years
Muslim Spain 756 = Abd al-rahman I (731-788) = last Umayyad caliph After Islamic collapse, established caliphate Repressive ruled diverse territory Military buffer zones against Franks and Vikings Used Islam as a unifying force New trade goods: oranges, rice, sugarcane, cotton 9 th & 10 th centuries = Spain was extremely prosperous
Collapse of the Carolingian Empire By late 9 th century, Carolingians are surrounded
Collapse of the Carolingian Empire By late 9 th century, Carolingians are surrounded Charlemagne had depended heavily on aristocrats Growing wealth depended on expansion, and...... With less expansion, less plunder 814 = Charlemagne died Succeeded by Louis the Pious (ruled, 814-840) 840 = Louis the Pious died Civil war between three sons 843 = Treaty of Verdun Split territory between Lothair, Louis the German, Charles the Bald
Collapse of the Carolingian Empire By late 9 th century, Carolingians are surrounded Charlemagne had depended heavily on aristocrats Growing wealth depended on expansion, and...... With less expansion, less plunder 814 = Charlemagne died Succeeded by Louis the Pious (ruled, 814-840) 840 = Louis the Pious died Civil war between three sons 843 = Treaty of Verdun Split territory between Lothair, Louis the German, Charles the Bald Growing power in local leaders
A New France & Germany New royal families In France... Count of Paris halted the Vikings Alternated throne with Carolingian descendants 987 = Hugh Capet replaced Carolingians In the German territories... Split into five duchies Often elected non-carolingian King 919 = Duke Henry of Saxony (ruled, 919-936) elected King Son, Otto the Great, crowned Emperor in 962 Political culture of the early middle ages: Roman administration + Christianity + Frankish Kingship