Name: Document Packet Week 13: Middle Ages/Dark Ages/Medieval Times Date: In this packet you will have all the documents for the week. This document packet must be in class with you every day. We will work with these documents every day. WEEK 13 DAY 1 DOCUMENTS: 13.1.1Whole Class Middle Ages Background The Middle Ages were a dark age for Europe. Near constant invasions and scant resources required that Europeans develop a new system for living. This system included all aspects of life, social, political, and economic. It was called Feudalism. Feudalism Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval life. The economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor, and is called manorialism. Manorialism is the economic portion of feudalism where all aspects of life were centered on the lord s manor (big house) including peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house. A lord's manor would include peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house. Manors were self sufficient; all economic activity occurred on the manor. This meant that little to no trade occurred during this time period. Most of the peasants during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were generally farmers who were tied to the land. They were not slaves because they could not be bought or sold, but they could not readily leave the manor either. Serfs were given land to farm in exchange for service to their lord. This service usually involved working the lord's fields, maintaining roads and the manor, and providing military service in times of war. Serfs paid taxes to their lord in the form of crops. This is also how the paid the fee to use the manor's mill or other services. The lords had responsibilities also under this system. In return for the service and fees paid by the peasants, they provided land and protection to them. Lords also had to pay fees and give service to high lords and the king. Feudalism affected all levels of society.
Kings Give large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs Give Protection Receives money, military service, and Upper Lords Give land grants to Lesser Lords Give Protection Receives money, military service Lesser Lords Give land grants to knights Receives money, military service Knights Give land to peasants/serfs Receives crops, labor Peasants/ Serfs Receives land to farm Pays with labor, crops
1) Explain Feudalism and manorialism and how they are different. 2) What is the difference between a serf and a slave? 3) Explain a mutual obligation during the middle ages. 4) Why were the Middle Ages considered a dark age? 5) Create a BLPT cards for the Middle Ages/Dark Ages, Feudalism, and Manorialism
WEEK 13 DAY 1 DOCUMENT 2: 13.1.2 The people in medieval times in Europe were very religious. The Catholic Church firmly believed in labor and in prayer. People were taught that "to labor is to pray". The church also made it very clear that if you wanted to get to heaven, you had to participate in the sacraments. But what were the sacraments? The sacraments were a simple set of steps that, if followed, would open the doors to heaven. This was very comforting to people in medieval times. They did not understand a word of the mass, because the mass was in Latin, a language they did not understand. Most people could not read or write. But they did understand that if they followed the sacraments, they would get to heaven. The life of most people in medieval times was a harsh one. The thought of escaping to heaven was most attractive. The Catholic Church charged people money for some of the sacraments and accepted (required) donations to feed the poor and to build new churches. The Sacraments: 1. Baptism 2. Confirmation 3. Marriage 4. Penance. You had to confess your sins to a priest, and you paid money to do this. Penance also included acts of "good" behavior. For example, you might ask a visiting monk to dine with you. You might enjoy his company, but the invitation was an act of penance, an act of kindness. 5. Communion. This was the most important sacrament. Each mass, those who had confessed all their sins and had not yet committed new ones could participate in communion. During mass, people taking communion would receive a blessed wheat wafer and a sip from a specially blessed cup of wine. If you had not done ample penance in the eyes of the church, you could not participate in communion. If you did not participate in communion frequently, you could not go to heaven. 6.Taking Care of the Sick 7. Holy Orders. You could take holy orders at any time. A woman might have been married several times, yet she could still become a nun, provided she could find a convent to accept her. Once accepted into a monastery (monks) or a convent (nuns), you could not return to your former life. Not everyone took holy orders. But that was allowed as long as you balanced this by acts of penance.
The sacraments controlled daily life. Some like baptism were done once, others - like penance - were done many times. Since there was a charge for each sacrament, the sacraments generated enormous wealth for the church. The local priest and other church officials worked very hard. It's not that the church did not earn their success, but wealth flowed into the church because Christianity was at the core of medieval life. Everything revolved around religion. 1) Why did the people in medieval times want to go to heaven? 2) Why did the people in the middle ages believe the church without question? 3) What did everything in medieval life revolve around? 4) What are sacraments and how did the church benefit from them? 5) Why or why not do you believe the people benefitted from the sacraments? 6) Create a BLPT card for Power of the Catholic Church
WEEK 13 DAY 2 DOCUMENTS: 13.2.1 Whole Class/Partner Work Document 13.2.1 The barbarians have broken through the ramparts. The Saracen [Moors] invasions have spread in successive waves over the South. The Hungarians swarm over the Eastern provinces... they sacked town and village, and laid waste the fields. They burned down the churches and then departed with a crowd of captives... There is no longer any trade, only unceasing terror... The peasant has abandoned his ravaged fields to avoid the violence of anarchy. The people have gone to cower in the depths of the forests or in inaccessible regions, or have taken refuge in the high mountains... Society has no longer any government... Source: Historian Frantz Funck-Bretano s account of Ninth and Tenth Century Europe (Heinemann, 1922, p. 1-3). 1. What were conditions like in Europe during the 800 s? Document 13.2.2 I, John of Toul, make known that I am the liege man of the [count and countess of Champagne]... I will aid the count of Champagne in my own person, and will send to he count and countess of Champagne the knights whose service I owe to them for the fief which I hold of them. Source: Homage Oath taken by John of Toul 1. What are the obligations John is promising to uphold?
Document 13.2.3 842 In this year there was a great slaughter in London and Quentavic and in Rochester. 846 According to their custom the Northmen plundered... and burned down the town of Dordrecht... the Northmen, with their boats filled with immense booty, including both men and goods, returned to their own country... Source: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle tells of invasions of England 1. According to this Chronicle, what is happening at this time (842-846)? Document 13.2.4 1. What mutual obligations did the Vassals and Lords have?
Document 13.2.5... That from the first day of the Advent of our Lord through Epiphany... and throughout the year on every Sunday, Friday, and Saturday, and on the fast days of the four seasons... the decree of peace shall be observed... so that no one may commit murder, arson, robbery, or assault, no one may injure another with a sword, club, or any kind of weapon... On... every day set aside, or to be set aside, for fasts or feasts, arms may be carried, but on this condition, that on injury shall be done in any way to any one... If it shall happen that any castle is besieged during the days which are included within the peace, the besiegers hall cease from attack unless they are set upon by the besieged and compelled to beat the latter back... Source: Truce of God, 1083. 5. 1. According to this document,what is the church trying to accomplish? Document 13.2.6 I hereby renounce my parents, my brother and relatives, my friends, my possessions... and the vain and empty glory and pleasure of this world. I also renounce my own will, for the will of God. I accept all the hardships of the monastic life, and take the vows of purity, chastity, and poverty, in the hope of heaven; and I promise to remain a monk in this monastery all the days of my life. Source: Monastic vows of Brother Gerald 8. 1. What is Gerald promising to do when he becomes a monk?
Document 13.2.7 1. How does this gothic cathedral illustrate the power of the Catholic Church?
WEEK 13 DAY 3 DOCUMENT 13.3.1 We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
DOCUMENT 13.3.2 We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
DOCUMENT 3 PAIR WORK 13.3.3 We are going to. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
Week 13 Day 4: Grouping and Ordering Middle Ages 13.4.1 In your groups arrange the documents into different groups. You should have at least 2 different groups of at least 3 documents EACH. Your groupings can be based on anything that you can support. When you have made your groups list them below. Then answer the questions about your choices. Group 1: Group 3: Group 2: Group 4: 1) What is the main idea that holds each of the groupings together? 2) What did you see that made you combine the documents into each group? 3) Write the main idea for each grouping. 4) Do any of them overlap or fit together in some way? 5) Do they address similar elements or similar points of view?
If you have finished and there is time left create a new order of groups for your documents. List your groups below and then answer the questions. Remember these groups must be different than your previous groups. Group 1: Group 3: Group 2: Group 4: 1) What is the main idea that holds each of the groupings together? 2) What did you see that made you combine the documents into each group? 3) Write the main idea for each grouping. 4) Do any of them overlap or fit together in some way? 5) Do they address similar elements or similar points of view?
Week 13 Day 5: Current Day Connections Middle Ages 13.5.1 This is a new section to our week. In this section you will read a newspaper article FROM TODAY S NEWS and connect it to our topic. There are vocabulary words missing that you need to fill in while we are reading the article. Cuba church calls police to evict protesters Franklin Reyes / Associated Press Saturday, March 17, 2012 Fred Calderon, dissident spokesperson, second from left, stands with other dissidents as they speak to the press outside one of their homes after they and other dissidents were evicted from a church they had been occupying for two days demanding that Pope Benedict XVI air a list of grievances during his upcoming trip, in Old Havana, Cuba, Friday, March 16, 2012. Calderon said his group wanted Benedict to speak with authorities about freeing people imprisoned for political crimes, ending intimidation of dissidents, increasing access to information, expanding private property rights, doing away with travel restrictions and establishing a transitional government to end a half-century of Communist rule under Fidel and Raul Castro. Havana -- A decision by Cuba's Roman Catholic cardinal to call police in to remove dissidents occupying a church has sparked an uncomfortable debate about the institution's role on this Communist-run island at the worst possible moment: just 10 days ahead of a high-profile visit by Pope Benedict XVI. Cuban opposition leaders who had kept their distance from the 13 little-known protesters holed up in the Church of Charity since Tuesday nonetheless denounced the move by Cardinal Jaime Ortega to oust them, saying Friday that it was a black mark for a church that ought to protect human and political rights. The criticism was joined by human rights officials and some exiles, though others acknowledged that the dissidents put church leaders in a tough spot. Religious experts noted that the eviction of the occupiers was not unprecedented, with police called in just last month to remove protesters
from a camp outside St. Paul's cathedral in London, and Occupy Wall Street protesters removed from a church in New York last year. The 13 Cuban dissidents were removed from the church in Central Havana at 9:30 p.m. Thursday by 60 unarmed officers, who took them to a nearby police station, fingerprinted them and issued a formal warning before sending them home. The church said that it had secured a promise from the government not to prosecute the dissidents for their action. The group initially demanded an audience with the pope during his March 26-28 visit, then asked that he mediate a list of demands on their behalf, including establishing a transitional government to end a half century of Communist rule under Fidel and Raul Castro. Blogger Yoani Sanchez tweeted that it was "an embarrassing night" for the church. 1) Write a summary of this article. 2) Disagree with this sentence and explain why: The Catholic church has as much power today as it did during the Middle Ages
WEEK 13 DAY 6: Writing Skills Middle Ages 13.6.1 Independent Work: Write two paragraphs (minimum 8 sentences each) about the Middle Ages. You must use at least 4 documents to support your information. Your paragraphs should include manorialism, feudalism and the power of the Catholic Church. Write a counter argument for the following sentence: The Catholic Church controlled all aspect of daily life in the Middle Ages and still does today. Use your knowledge of the Middle Ages/Dark Ages to write a paragraph (minimum 8 sentences) that proves this statement wrong.