Latin Junior salvete discipuli!
Who speaks Latin? The Romans did. The Catholic Church does. French comes from Latin. It s a Romance language. Vache, for example, comes from vacca. Other Romance languages are: Spanish Portuguese Italian Even English gets half its words from Latin!
to love French j aime tu aimes il aime nous aimons vous aimez ils aiment Latin amo amas amat amamus amatis amant
Test I love amo you (s) love amas she loves amat he loves amat we love amamus you (pl) love amatis they love amant
Subjects and Objects Sentences have a subject and often an object. Example: Paul kicks John. Another example: The boy sees the postman. In Latin, many subjects end in a In Latin, many objects end in am The word for pope is papa I love the Pope = amo papam the Pope loves the Mass = papa amat missam
Translate amamus amant amat amo amas amatis amat reginam (queen) amamus papam (pope) amat vaccam (cow) amo puellam (girl) amat nautam (sailor) amant Mariam (Mary) amas gloriam (glory) amatis reginam
Translate amant papam amas reginam amant vaccam amat nautam amamus Mariam amatis gloriam amo ecclesiam (church) amas missam (Mass) amat vaccam (cow) amo puellam (girl) amat nautam (sailor) amant Mariam (Mary) amas gloriam (glory) amatis reginam
Translate amant cenam (supper) amamus vitam (life) amat aquam (water) amatis terram (land, earth) amas puellam (girl) papa amat missam nauta amat aquam vacca amat terram puella amat cenam nauta amat puellam amo puellam amas vitam regina amat gloriam Maria amat ecclesiam amant Mariam
Verbs (1 st Conjugation) stem-ending am-o am-as am-at am-amus am-atis am-ant laudo I praise he praises laudat we praise laudamus they praise laudant
Verbs (1 st Conjugation) aedifico I build edifice do I give donation laudo I praise lauds oro I beg, pray (for) oratory porto I carry porter voco I call vocation
Verbs (1 st Conjugation) he gives dat you (s) beg oras they carry portant you (pl) praise laudatis we build aedificamus she calls vocat they give dant we carry portamus you (s) praise laudas we pray oramus
Nouns (1 st Declension) vita terra regina puella nauta aqua vacca papa missa ecclesia gloria Maria cena incola = native herba = grass gratia = grace mensa = table villa = country house agricola = farmer
Nouns (1 st Declension) reginam laudamus regina nautam laudat reginam nauta laudat puella nautam orat puellam nauta orat vacca herbam amat vacca puellam portat incola villam aedificat puella cenam orat Maria gratiam dat regina cenam parat* papa aquam orat Maria ecclesiam vocat cenam paramus missam incola amat nauta terram orat puella mensam aedificat * paro = I prepare
Nominative & Accusative Cases Example: puella nautam amat puella is in the nominative case nautam is in the accusative case the subject goes in the nominative case the direct object goes in the accusative case ecclesiam amo: what case is ecclesiam? missam puella amat: what case is puella in? the nominative case is the naming case; it names the subject of the sentence the accusative case really means the [ac]causative case, causing the action by simply being there!
Vocative Case Remember: nouns have cases; verbs don t! Latin has six cases (plus one very minor case) the first three cases are: nominative vocative accusative the vocative is the calling case (voco) in all declensions (apart from 2 nd ) it looks the same as the nominative O regina, te amo. (te = the accusative of tu, you) O nauta, te laudo.
Homework - Translate They love the Mass. The cow loves water. The sailor praises the queen. You (pl.) beg the Pope. The native builds a church. The girl prepares supper. We praise the farmer. You (s) build a country house. I love you, girl! The sailor begs for water. The Pope loves Mary. I call the farmer. The cow chews the grass. (manduco = chew) The queen praises glory. O Mary, I beg thee! We carry water.
Homework - Answers Missam amant. Vacca aquam amat. Nauta reginam laudat. Papam oratis. Incola ecclesiam aedificat. Puella cenam parat. Agricolam laudamus. Villam aedificas. Te amo, o puella! Nauta aquam orat. Papa Mariam amat. Agricolam voco. Vacca herbam manducat. Regina gloriam laudat. O Maria, te oro! Aquam portamus.
Review Questions How many cases are there in Latin? Name the first three cases: n v a What kind of words take cases? verbs nouns both The nouns we ve studied belong to the 1 st The verbs we ve studied belong to the 1 st
Plural singular plural nominative mensa mensae vocative mensa mensae accusative mensam mensas Examples: Regina puellas amat. Nautae agricolam laudant. O vaccae, cur herbam manducatis?
Practice Agricola mensas aedificat. Incolae reginam non amant. O puellae, cur papam non laudatis? Cenam laudamus. Vaccae puellas portant. Mensas aedificas. Gloriam amo. Papa mensam orat. Nauta aquam dat. O nauta, cur puellam amas? Vitam amamus. Nautae gloriam laudant. Cur incolae papam non laudant?
Some more words filia = daughter cur? = why? non = not fenestra = window manduco = I chew adiuvo = I help sed = but et = and semper = always femina = woman poeta = poet paro = I prepare
More practice Vaccae mensam semper manducant. Puellae mensam non portant. Feminam adiuvo. Cur filia fenestram aedificat? Puellae feminam semper adiuvant. Fenestram porto. Vacca aquam et terram amat. Incola villas sed non mensas aedificat. Agricola papam adiuvat. Cur poetas non amatis? Regina poetam non laudat. O feminae, cur aquam oratis?
Homework The queen praises the land. Cows always chew grass. The sailors and farmers build villas. Why does the girl prepare dinner? The native always carries the water. The daughters love the Mass. The poet does not praise the Pope. The woman begs for life.
Homework - Answers Regina terram laudat. Vaccae herbam semper manducant. Nautae et agricolae villas aedificant. Cur puella cenam parat? Incola aquam semper portat. Filiae missam amant. Poeta papam non laudat. Femina vitam orat.
Some new words ancilla = maid (female servant) insula = island silva = wood, forest familia = family gratia = grace ambulo = I walk festino = I hurry porta = door ad = towards + accusative (ad villam = to the villa) quattuor = four quinque = five
Practice Quattuor puellae ad missam festinant. Incolae portas et fenestras aedificant. Regina ad insulam ambulat. Familia ad silvam ambulat. Aqua vitam dat, sed Maria gratiam dat. Quinque vaccae ad herbam festinant. Agricola ad cenam non festinat. Nauta ancillam amat. Poeta quattuor mensas aedificat.
Genitive case Nominative subject case Vocative calling case Accusative direct object case (also after words like ad) Genitive the of case Singular -ae; plural -arum Examples: vita vaccae villa agricolarum Ancilla reginae papam laudat.
Genitive case (II) singular plural nominative mensa mensae vocative mensa mensae accusative mensam mensas genitive mensae mensarum Notes: mensae appears three times in this table There are two more cases left to learn!
Two ways to translate the genitive ancilla reginae the maid of the queen the queen s maid vaccae agricolarum the cows of the farmers the farmers cows use the apostrophe correctly!
Practice of the girl puellae of the natives incolarum of the pope papae of the tables mensarum of the wood silvae of the queens reginarum of the cows vaccarum of the daughter filiae of the windows fenestrarum of the Church ecclesiae
Practice Mensas poetarum portamus. We carry the tables of the poets. Nautae puellas insulae amant. The sailors love the girls of the island. Ad silvam incolarum ambulas. You (s) walk to the wood of the natives. Puella quinque villas poetae laudat. The girl praises the five country-houses of the poet. Vaccae herbam papae semper manducant. The cows are always chewing the pope s grass. Familiam puellarum laudo. I praise the girls family.
More practice Ancilla reginae ad silvam ambulat. The queen s maid walks to the wood. Insulam vaccarum amamus. We love the island of the cows. Ancilla familiae quattuor cenas parat. The family s maid is preparing four dinners. Quattuor vaccae agricolae ad aquam festinant. The four cows of the farmer hurry to the water. Mensas reginae semper porto. I always carry the queen s tables.
Homework Filiam agricolae amo. Vaccae reginae ad herbam semper festinant. Nautae fenestras villarum aedificant. O filiae, cur ancillam reginae non adiuvatis? Femina ad villam nautarum festinat. Terram incolarum laudamus. Vaccae cenam agricolae manducant. Filia agricolae poetam reginae non amat. Papa ad silvam insulae ambulat. Portas et fenestras poetarum aedificat.
The verb To Be sum es est sumus estis sunt I am you (s) are he/she/it is we are you (pl) are they are
Practice Papa sum. Nautae sumus. Agricola es. Regina est. Incolae estis. Puellae sunt. Regina sum. Vaccae sumus! Filiae sumus. Filia est puella. Fenestra non est porta. Agricolae sunt incolae. Regina non est vacca! Papa es.
Dative case singular plural nominative mensa mensae vocative mensa mensae accusative mensam mensas genitive mensae mensarum dative mensae mensis Notes: mensae now appears four times in this table There is only one more case left to learn!
Dative case (II) Just as the genitive is the of case So the dative is the to/for case. For example: I give a book to the daughter. I speak to the sailors. Christmas is a great time for the girls. The shoes belong to the farmer. Glory and praise to God!
Dative of possession The church has a door. There is to the church a door. Ecclesiae porta est. The farmer has five cows. There are to the farmer five cows. Agricolae quinque vaccae sunt. The villa has four windows. There are to the villa four windows. Villae quattuor fenestrae sunt.
Practice Reginae ancilla est. Villae non est mensa. Feminis vaccae non sunt. Vaccis herba est. Papae gloria est. Insulae silvae non sunt. Puellis cena non est. Vaccae vita non est.
Homework The girl has a cow. The islands have water. Mary has grace. The villa has five doors. The Pope has a church. The poets do not have daughters. The cows do not have water. The land does not have grass.
Homework - Answers The girl has a cow. Puellae est vacca. The islands have water. Insulis est aqua. Mary has grace. Mariae est gratia. The villa has five doors. Villae sunt quinque portae.
Homework - Answers The Pope has a church. Papae est ecclesia. The poets do not have daughters. Poetis non sunt filiae. The cows do not have water. Vaccis non est aqua. The land does not have grass. Terrae non est herba.
Dative Case Exercises Femina vaccam agricolis dat. Incola quattuor mensas ancillae dat. Nautae ecclesiam papae dant. Herbam vaccae non damus. Quattuor portae sunt villae. Quinque fenestrae sunt ecclesiae. Cena non est ancillae. Agricolis non est missa.
New Vocabulary barba = beard casa = cottage dea = goddess hasta = spear sagitta = arrow spelunca = cave tuba = trumpet via = road sex = six septem = seven
Practice New Vocabulary Barbam nautae laudo. Quattuor sagittas incolae das. Nautae casas semper aedificant. Dea sex hastas incolae dat. Incolae ad speluncam festinant. Papa septem tubas non orat. Vaccae sagittas et hastas manducant! Feminae aquam ad casam portant.
Introducing Ablative Case singular plural nominative mensa mensae vocative mensa mensae accusative mensam mensas genitive mensae mensarum dative mensae mensis ablative mensā mensis Notes: mensae now appears four times in this table You ve now learned all the cases!
Ablative case Just as the genitive is the of case And the dative is the to/for case So the ablative is the by/with/from/in case. For example: I was wounded by a spear. I make the table with a hammer. I live in the woods. We went away from the house.
Prepositions Latin prepositions take either the accusative case or the ablative case Ad takes accusative: Ad speluncam festino. Cum takes ablative: Regina cum ancillā ad villam festinat. In takes ablative: Vacca in silvis habitat. (habito = I live)
Practice Agricola in insula habitat. Nautae ad viam festinant. Femina ad reginam cum filia festinat. Agricolae in insula habitant. Nauta ad cenam semper festinat. Feminae ad papam cum filiabus festinant. Agricola ad silvam cum vaccis festinat. Papa in ecclesia non habitat. Vacca est in via.
Practice - Answers The farmer is always in the woods. Agricola in silvis semper est. The sailor gives water to the cows. Nauta aquam vaccis dat. The maid hurries to the cave with the queen. Ancilla ad speluncam cum reginā festinat. The natives live on the island. Incolae in insulā habitant.
Practice - Answers The queen gives six arrows to the girl. Regina sex sagittas puellae dat. I give the queen seven spears. Reginae septem hastas do. We build the villa with the natives. Villam cum incolis aedificamus. The goddess gives a trumpet to the poet. Dea tubam poetae dat. The queen has a spear. Reginae hasta est.
Dea and Filia to avoid confusion with the Latin for god and son, decline as follows: singular plural nom. dea deae voc. dea deae acc. deam deas gen. deae dearum dat. deae deabus abl. deā deabus singular plural nom. filia filiae voc. filia filiae acc. filiam filias gen. filiae filiarum dat. filiae filiabus abl. filiā filiabus
New vocabulary a/ab = from (+ abl) per = through (+ acc.) in = in, on (+ abl.) in = into, onto (+ acc.) pecunia = money celo = I hide iacto = I throw monstro = I show neco = I kill specto = I look at
Practice Feminae per silvas cum filiabus ambulant. Septem hastas in silvis celamus. Regina a silva cum sex ancillis ambulat. Incola hastam ad reginam iactat. Papa gratiam incolis monstrat. Agricola vaccam hastā necat. Poeta pecuniam in casā celat. Agricola vaccam deabus monstrat. Sagittas in papam iactant.
Practice Pecuniam puellis datis. Filiabus pecuniam reginae non datis. Vaccae ab insula ad aquam festinant. Regina pecuniam sex ancillis semper dat. Poeta speluncam nautis non monstrat. Incolae in speluncis habitant. Incolae hastas in vaccas iactant. Papa casas ab insulā spectat. Poeta vaccas in insulā celat.
More practice We hide the money in the island. Pecuniam in insulā celamus. We look at the Pope with our daughters. Papam cum filiabus spectamus. The seven natives kill the queen. Septem incolae reginam necant. He throws grass towards the cows. Herbam ad vaccas iactat. We give water to the woman. Aquam feminae damus.
New vocabulary a/ab = from (+ abl.) e/ex = out of (+ abl.) cum = with (+ abl.) sine = without (+ abl.) in = in/on (+ abl.) in = into (+ acc.) ara = altar hodie = today canto = I sing corono = I crown sto = I stand
Practice new vocabulary Papa e villā festinat. Puellae cantant. Papa reginam coronat. Hodie femina est in ecclesiā. Incola in mensā stat. Agricola in silvam festinat. Sine feminā cantas. Nauta ex insulā festinat. Puella mensam sine ancillis portat.
Practice Pecuniam papae damus. Vaccae in silvis hodie cantant. Casam quattuor fenestris aedificatis. Sex tubas deabus damus. Papa statuam Mariae coronat. Agricolae vaccam sine sagittis necant. Sunt septem vaccae in casā. Quinque familiae ad ecclesiam festinant. Aquam et herbam ad villam porto.
Test quinque fenestra ancilla sine hodie quattuor tubae portamus aedificas Regina cantat. Agricolae orant. five window maid without today four trumpets we carry you (s) build The queen sings. The farmers pray.
Practice Vaccae in viā stant. Agricolae in silvā semper cantant. Quattuor aras aedificas. Septem arae sunt deae. Sex tubas reginae hodie datis. Incolae in insulā stant et cantant. Ancilla aram ex ecclesiā portat. Vaccae aram deae manducant. Regina cum filiā sed sine ancillā festinat.
New vocabulary copia = plenty inopia = shortage pirata = pirate laboro = I work navigo = I sail vexo = I annoy pro = in front of / on behalf of (+ abl) diu = for a long time octo = eight
Practice new vocabulary Octo piratae ad insulam navigant. Agricolae pro reginā laborant. Puella copiam aquae nautis dat. Vaccis est inopia herbae. Feminae papam vexant. Papa pro arā stat. Papa pro incolis orat. Puellae cenam diu parant. Filia reginae poetam hodie vexat.
Practice 1. The girls are walking to the cottage. 2. Today the farmers are working on the island. 3. The Pope prays for a long time on behalf of the queen. 4. The pirates hide the money on the island. 5. The natives build eight cottages. 6. The queen walks to the villa with her daughter. 7. The poet has plenty of money. 8. The cows have a shortage of grass. 9. The girls look for a long time at the four altars. 10.The queen gives plenty of money to the Church.
Answers 1. Puellae ad casam ambulant. 2. Agricolae in insulā hodie laborant. 3. Papa pro reginā diu orat. 4. Piratae pecuniam in insulā celant. 5. Incolae octo casas aedificant. 6. Regina ad villam cum filiā ambulat. 7. Poetae est copia pecuniae. 8. Vaccis est inopia herbae. 9. Puellae quattuor aras diu spectant. 10.Regina Ecclesiae copiam pecuniae dat.
Numbers one, two and three decline, so we ll learn these later IV. quattuor V. quinque VI. sex sextuplets and sextets VII. septem September (originally 7 th month) VIII. octo October (originally 8 th month) IX. novem November (originally 9 th month) X. decem December (originally 10 th month)
Practice with numbers Novem sagittas in speluncā celo. Decem vaccae herbam in insulā manducant. Quattuor piratae octo puellas semper vocant. Regina sex villas in silvis aedificat. Octo agricolae poetam diu vexant. Sunt ecclesiae septem arae. Incolae pro quinque poetis non laborant. Quot sunt quattuor et quinque? Quot sunt quattuor et sex?
Can you score 9 or more? mensa gen. s. fenestra acc. pl. sagitta abl. pl. filia abl. s. nom. pl. dat. pl. table mensae window fenestras arrow sagittis daughter filiā filiae filiabus
Some new words fossa ditch pila ball occupo I seize post after, behind (+ acc.) pugno I fight scapha boat sub under (+ abl.) sub up towards (+ acc.)
Homework Puella pilam ad poetam iactat. Nautae ad insulam in scaphā navigant. Sex fossas pro casā aedificatis. Pila non est sub mensā. Piratae insulam hastis occupant. Agricolae cum nautis diu pugnant. Puellae aquam sub villam portant. Filia pilam post portam celat. Papae est barba.
Practice The pirates kill the queen with spears. Piratae reginam hastis necant. We hurry to the island in a boat. Ad insulam in scaphā festinamus. The natives hurry out of the woods. Incolae e silvis festinant. The girl has eight balls. Puellae sunt octo pilae.
Practice The queen hurries out of the villa without her maid. Regina e villā sine ancillā festinat. The farmers build a ditch behind the cottage. Agricolae fossam post casam aedificant. She hides the money under the table. Pecuniam sub mensā celat. Ecclesiam pro Papā aedificamus.
Imperative O regina, festina ad ecclesiam! O agricolae, non vexate vaccam! RULE: add -a when ordering one person. RULE: add -ate when ordering several persons. O vaccae, herbam manducate! O poeta, ama filiam! O incolae, ancillam non necate! O nautae, ad speluncam festinate! O femina, scaphas specta!
New Vocabulary saepe = often numquam = never quod = because luna = moon Roma = Rome via = road, way
Practice O incolae, septem fossas pro reginā aedificate! Puellae nautas saepe amant. O nautae, decem insulas hastis occupate! Incolae vias numquam aedificant. Spectate lunam, o filiae! Romam occupant quod papam non amant. Regina pilam filiae numquam dat. Piratae cum incolis saepe pugnant. Puellae in silvis hodie cantant. Vacca pro casā numquam stat.
Practice Pilam ad insulam iacta, o ancilla! Post portam pecuniam celate, o filiae! Lunam numquam specta, o poeta! Pugnate cum nautis, o puellae! Aedificate novem statuas, o incolae! Non occupa scapham, o filia! Pecuniam piratarum celate, o puellae! Festina ad fossam post ecclesiam, regina! Numquam pugna cum nautis, papa!
Practice Hurry to the island, o maids! The poet builds a road to the cottage. The girls often throw the ball into the ditch. Hide the money under the altar, o pirates. We kill the cow with arrows and spears. I give a dinner to the queen s daughter. The cows often sing to the moon. I love the poet, but the poet loves the maid. Today we are building an altar for the goddess.
Answers Hurry to the island, o maids! Festinate ad insulam, o ancillae! The poet builds a road to the cottage. Poeta viam ad casam aedificat. The girls often throw the ball into the ditch. Puellae pilam in fossam saepe iactant. Hide the money under the altar, o pirates. Celate pecunian sub ara, o piratae!
Answers We kill the cow with arrows and spears. Vaccam sagittis et hastis necamus. I give a dinner to the queen s daughter. Cenam filiae reginae do. The cows often sing to the moon. Vaccae lunae saepe cantant. I love the poet, but the poet loves the maid. Poetam amo, sed poeta ancillam amat. Today we are building an altar for the goddess. Aram deae hodie aedificamus.
Future Tense Reginam laudo. Reginam laudabo. Papam laudas. Papam laudabis. Piratas laudat. Piratas laudabit. Casam laudamus. Casam laudabimus. Agricolam laudatis. Agricolam laudabitis. Ancillam laudant. Ancillam laudabunt.
Practice Ad villam festinabo. Papam saepe laudabis. Puella pilam iactabit. Coronam reginae dabimus. In viā stabitis. Piratae missam numquam laudabunt. Ad lunam saepe spectamus. Ad lunam numquam spectabimus. Pecuniam piratis monstrabo.
Test What is the subject of this sentence? Reginam et filias amamus. Which word is the direct object? Vaccae copiam aquae amant. Which word is the indirect object? Puella agricolae statuam monstrat. Which word is the subject? Aram deae incola aedificat. Which word is in the genitive? Feminae insulam piratarum occupant.
New Vocabulary de = about; down from (+ abl) epistola = a letter fabula = a story narro = I tell, relate sacrifico = I sacrifice supero = I conquer, overcome cras = tomorrow heri = yesterday
Practice Ancilla epistolam reginae dabit. Poeta fabulam filiabus narrat. Piratae insulam occupant et incolas superant. Ad villam cras festinabimus. Incolae epistolam agricolis monstrabunt. Vaccam in arā sacrificabis. Septem tubae pro papā cras cantabunt. Quinque hastis poeta piratam superabit. Sex statuas pro reginā cras aedificabitis.
Test 1. we will hurry 2. you (s) will chew 3. they will show 4. she will pray 5. you (pl) will look 6. I shall build 7. we will sail 8. they will work 9. you (s) will relate 10. he will conquer festinabimus manducabis monstrabunt orabit spectabitis aedificabo navigabimus laborabunt narrabis superabit
Spot the mistakes! Nautae ad insulam navigabint. Nautae ad insulam navigabunt Fabulam de reginam narrabo. Fabulam de reginā narrabo. Novem pilae ancillis dabo. Novem pilas ancillis dabo. Octem vaccas in arā hodei sacrificabit. Octo vaccas in arāhodie sacrificabit.
Practice Poetae fabulas puellis cras narrabunt. Piratae incolas superabunt et insulam occupabunt. Agricolae ad casam feminae cras festinabunt. Incolae vaccam in arā necabunt et sacrificabunt. Puellae cum agricolis cras cantabimus. Poeta feminam amat quod est pecunia in villā feminae.
Practice Build a villa on behalf of the queen, natives! Aedificate villam pro reginā, o incolae. Chew grass, o cow! Manduca herbam, o vacca! Praise the queen, you maids! Laudate reginam, o ancillae! Give the pope money, you pirates! Date pecuniam papae, o piratae!
Practice I will tell a story. Fabulam narrabo. I will tell the girl a story. Fabulam puellae narrabo. I will tell the girl a story about a queen. Fabulam puellae de reginā narrabo. Tomorrow I will tell the girls five stories about the pope. Cras quinque fabulas puellis de papā narrabo.
Imperfect Tense Reginam laudabo. Reginam laudabam. Papam laudabis. Papam laudabas. Piratas laudabit. Piratas laudabat. Casam laudabimus. Casam laudabamus. Agricolam laudabitis. Agricolam laudabatis. Ancillam laudabunt. Ancillam laudabant.
Practice I hurry festino I was hurrying festinabam I will hurry festinabo we carry portamus we were carrying portabamus we will carry portabimus he prays orat he was praying orabat he will pray orabit they were praising laudabant
Practice Ad villam festinabam. Papam saepe laudabas. Puella pilam iactabat. Coronam reginae dabamus. In viā stabatis. Piratae missam numquam laudabant. Ad lunam saepe spectamus. Ad lunam numquam spectabamus. Pecuniam piratis monstrabam.
laudo present imperfect future 1. s. laudo laudabam laudabo 2. s. laudas laudabas laudabis 3. s. laudat laudabat laudabit 1. pl. laudamus laudabamus laudabimus 2. pl. laudatis laudabatis laudabitis 3. pl. laudant laudabant laudabunt
Practice Ancilla epistolam reginae dabat. Poeta fabulam filiabus heri narrabat. Piratae insulam occupabant et incolas superabant. Ad villam heri festinabamus. Incolae epistolam agricolis monstrabant. Vaccam in arā sacrificabas. Septem tubae pro papā heri cantabant. Quinque hastis poeta piratam superabat. Sex statuas pro reginā heri aedificabatis.
Practice O filia, cur non feminam adiuvas? O nautae, cur non papam adiuvabatis? O poeta, cur non reginam adiuvabis? Incolae ad novem speluncas semper festinabant. Puella ad quinque insulas saepe festinabit. Agricola septem vaccas hastā necabat. Regina poetam amat quod poeta reginam amat. Parate quattuor cenas papae, o ancillae. Aedificate sex fenestras in casā, o incolae.
Practice I look at specto I was looking at spectabam I will look at spectabo we pray oramus we were praying orabamus we will pray orabimus he stands stat he was standing stabat he will stand stabit they were killing necabant
Fill in missing parts of laudo present imperfect future 1. s. 2. s. laudas laudabas laudabis 3. s. laudat laudabat laudabit 1. pl. laudamus laudabimus 2. pl. laudabatis laudabitis 3. pl. laudant laudabant
Latin Questions How many verb conjugations? How many have we studied so far? How many noun declensions? How many have we studied so far? What class of word is cras or hodie? What form of the verb is this: festinate! How many tenses have we studied so far? How many tenses are there in Latin? Is Latin your favourite subject?
Latin Questions What is ablative plural of fenestra? What is genitive singular of papa? What is accusative plural of regina? What is genitive plural of spelunca? What is vocative plural of puella? What is 2 nd person singular of festino? What is 3 rd person plural imperfect of amo? What is 1 st person plural future of laudo? Is Latin your favourite subject?
Vocabulary Test girl supper queen pope ball dinghy statue altar arrow window puella cena regina papa pila scapha statua ara sagitta fenestra
present imperfect future 1. s. neco necabam necabo 2. s. necas necabas necabis 3. s. necat necabat necabit 1. pl. necamus necabamus necabimus 2. pl. necatis necabatis necabitis 3. pl. necant necabant necabunt
singular plural nominative mensa mensae vocative mensa mensae accusative mensam mensas genitive mensae mensarum dative mensae mensis ablative mensā mensis Questions: How many times does mensae appear in this table? How many times does mensis appear in this table? How many times does mensā appear in this table?
Second Declension What do you think servus means? What declension do you think it is? What gender do you think it is? Lots of nouns in the second declension end in -us. Almost all are masculine. The vocative singular is serve. The vocative only differs from the nominative in this declension, and even then only in the singular. The accusative singular is servum.
Practice Ancilla et servus ad casam festinant. O serve, cur ad villam festinas? Ancilla servum amat, sed servus ancillam non amat. Servus septem vaccas hastā necat. O serve, ubi (where) regina hodie est? Filiae agricolam et servum semper vexant.
Second Declension (ii) The genitive singular of servus is servi. Every noun with an -i genitive ending belongs to the 2 nd declension. Every noun with an -ae genitive ending belongs to which declension? The dative and ablative are both servo. Careful! In 1 st declension, genitive and dative singular were the same, e.g. terrae. But in 2 nd declension, dative and ablative singular are the same, e.g. servo.
Second Declension (iii) Compare the singular of terra to servus. What do you notice? singular singular nominative terra nominative servus vocative terra vocative serve accusative terram accusative servum genitive terrae genitive servi dative terrae dative servo ablative terrā ablative servo
Practice Ancilla vaccam servo dat. Ancilla cum servo ad ecclesiam festinat. Regina casam ancillae et servo dat. Vaccae herbam servi semper manducant. Servus ecclesiam pro papā aedificat. Incolae servum decem hastis necant. Ancilla ad insulam sine servo ambulat. Tubam servo sed non ancillae do.
singular singular nominative terra nominative servus vocative terra vocative serve servus accusative terram accusative servum genitive terrae genitive servi dative terrā terrae dative servi servo ablative terrā ablative servo
Servus - plural What is the genitive singular of terra? What is the nominative plural of terra? Did you notice anything? What is the genitive singular of servus? Now guess its nominative plural. Its nominative and vocative plural is servi. What is the accusative plural of terra? Now guess the accusative plural of servus. Servi, servi, servos
Let s practice Quattuor servi novem ancillas vexant. Piratae servos et ancillas saepe necant. O servi, cur ad ecclesiam festinatis? Regina tubam servi ancillae dabit. Servi tubam ancillae reginae dabunt. Filiae reginae octo servos papae amabant. O servi, date aquam vaccis sine morā (delay). Quinque servi ecclesiam pro papā aedificant. Puella servos in insulā spectat.
Servus - plural What is the genitive plural of terra? Now guess the genitive plural of servus. Servorum. What is the dative plural of terra? Now guess the dative plural of servus. Servis. What is the ablative plural of terra? Now guess the ablative plural of servus. servorum, servis, servis
Let s practice again Sex mensas servis dabo. Casae servorum non sunt in insulā sed in silvā. Ancillae ad ecclesiam cum servis festinant. Regina octo sagittas servis cras dabit. Vaccae servorum vaccas poetae non amant. Regina ad casam piratae sine servis ambulat. Date tubam servis, ancillae. Piratae casas servorum occupant et servos necant.
Let s decline servus servus serve servum servi servo servo servi servi servos servorum servis servis
Vocabulary copy this down dominus = lord, master deus = god (pagan) Deus = God (voc. = Deus) filius = son amicus = friend Christus = Christ gladius = sword Christianus = Christian Romanus = Roman
Practice Filii et filiae ad villam festinant. Incolae aras pro deis et deabus aedificant. Agricola septem gladios amicis dat. Incolae Christum et Mariam amant. O Domine, adiuva papam. Christiani sunt amici Christi. Romani Christianos gladiis et hastis necant. Domine Deus, adiuva Christianos. Date gladios filiis et filiabus reginae.
Dea and Filia to avoid confusion with the Latin for god and son, decline as follows: singular plural nom. dea deae voc. dea deae acc. deam deas gen. deae dearum dat. deae deabus abl. deā deabus singular plural nom. filia filiae voc. filia filiae acc. filiam filias gen. filiae filiarum dat. filiae filiabus abl. filiā filiabus
Practice God gives grace to Christians. Deus gratiam Christianis dat. The queen gives a cow to (her) sons. Regina vaccam filiis dat. The queen gives a table to (her) daughters. Regina mensam filiabus dat. The Romans kill Christians with swords. Romani Christianos gladiis necant. The gods of the natives do not exist. Dei (dii, di) incolarum non sunt.
Practice The master of the villa loves (his) family. Dominus villae familiam amat. We love the friends of the pope. Amicos papae amamus. Christ is God, and He loves Mary. Christus est Deus, et Mariam amat. The Church does not have a pope. (There is not to the Church a pope) Non est ecclesiae papa.
New Vocabulary laetifico = I make happy libero = I free, liberate iudico = I judge spero = I hope anima = soul, life cithara = harp misericordia = mercy nunc = now
Practice Libera servos, o regina! Regina servos et ancillas iudicat. Deus Christianos nunc laetificat. Poeta non tubā sed citharā cantat. Sperate in misericordiā Dei, o incolae. Deus animas Christianorum iudicabit. Dominus Deus misericordiam Christianis dabit. Amici Christi non gladios sed gloriam Dei amant. Christus gratiam animae papae dat.
nominative accusative genitive dative ablative singular ego mē mei mihi mē
Practice Iudica mē, Deus! (Psalm 42) Citharam mihi da, o serve! Tubae sunt mihi sed non citharae. Servi ad ecclesiam sine mē ambulant. Ego Dominum Deum semper amabo. Regina statuam deae mihi dabat. Misericordia Dei est mēcum. Incolae mē necant sed Deus mē liberabit. Filii ad casam mēcum festinant.
Fill in the missing parts Iudica m, De! (Psalm 42) Citharam m da, o serv! Tub sunt mei sed non cithar. Servi ad ecclesi sine m ambulant. Eg Dominum Deum semp amabo. Regin statuam deae m dabat. Misericordi Dei est m cum. Incolae m necant sed De mē liberabit. Filii ad cas mēcum festin.
nominative accusative genitive dative ablative plural nos nos nostri/um nobis nobis
Practice Iudica nos, Deus! Citharam nobis date, o servi! Tuba est nobis sed non cithara. Ancillae ad villam sine nobis ambulant. Nos Dominum Deum semper amabimus. Regina statuam dei nobis dabit. Misericordia Dei est nobiscum. Incolae nos necant sed Deus nos liberabit. Filii ad casam nobiscum festinant.
Fill in the missing parts Iudica n, o regina! Cithar nobis da, o servi! Tu est nostri sed non cithar. Ancillae ad vill sine no ambulant. Nos Domin Deum semper amabi. Regina statu dei nobis dab. Misericordia De est no cum. Incolae nos nec sed De nos liberabit. Fili ad casam nobisc festinant.
nominative accusative genitive dative ablative singular tu tē tui tibi tē
Practice Tu, o nauta, nunc es servus reginae. Puella tēcum ad ecclesiam festinat. Gloria tibi, o Domine. Papa mihi et tibi septem tubas dat. Incolae in speluncis tē exspectant (wait for). Cithara tē laetificat sed non tuba. Tibi est anima sed non misericordia! Filiae sine tē ad silvas nunc ambulant. Tu puellam amas sed puella tē non amat.
nominative accusative genitive dative ablative singular vos nos vestri/um vobis vobis
Practice Dominus est vobiscum. Vobis citharam non dabo, o servi! Vos, o agricolae, regina non amat. Sperate in Domino, nam vobis gratiam dat. Vos Dominum Deum semper amabatis. Regina statuam deae vobis dabit. Deus vos sine misericordiā iudicabit. Incolae vos necant sed Deus vos liberabit. Filii ad casam vobiscum festinant.
2 nd Declension - Neuter singular plural nominative bellum bella vocative bellum bella accusative bellum bella genitive belli bellorum dative bello bellis ablative bello bellis Notes: Neuter nouns always have the same ending for the first three cases.
Some 2 nd Declension Neuter Nouns caelum = sky, heaven regnum = kingdom periculum = danger praemium = reward imperium = power, empire oppidum = town templum = temple
Practice Sumus in periculo. Ad bellum festino. Praemium tibi do. Regina regnum amat. Nautae ad oppidum festinant. Deus est in Caelo. Papa nos a [from] periculis liberabit. Regina quattuor praemia vobis dabat. Villas oppidi amamus, sed non casas.
Practice God gives rewards in Heaven. Deus praemia in Caelo dat. There is danger of war to the queen. Est periculum belli reginae. We often give rewards to you (pl). Praemia vobis saepe damus. The moon is in the sky. Luna est in caelo. The slaves never hurry to the town. Servi ad oppidum numquam festinant. The queen loves her kingdom. Regina regnum amat.
Practice The queen builds a temple to the goddess. Regina templum deae aedificat.