NEO-EUROPEAN COLONIES NEW FRANCE, NEW NETHERLANDS, AND NEW ENGLAND
THINK ABOUT IT How did the prospects differ for Europeans who traveled to tropical plantations like Barbados from those who traveled to neo- European colonies like Massachusetts Bay?
THE SPANISH IN AMERICA Royal Colonies Viceroys Relations with Natives Catholic Conversion and Missions Pueblo Revolt (1680) Labor Encomienda System Asiento System Spanish Caste System
NEW FRANCE 1530s, Jacques Cartier 1608 Samuel de Champlain Fur Trade Hurons Jesuits and Catholic Conversion Native Relations Trade Networks Alliances Intermarriage Royal Colony in 1662
NEW NETHERLANDS 1600, Amsterdam 1609, Henry Hudson 1614, Fort Orange (Albany, NY) 1621, Dutch West India Company founds New Netherlands Fur Trade Relations with Natives
THINK ABOUT IT Why did NEW FRANCE and NEW NETHERLANDS struggle to attract colonists?
THE ENGLISH IN AMERICA Charters and Joint-Stock Companies Population Growth Indentured Servants Native Relations Early Native Assistance Animosity and Exclusion Anglo-Powhatan Wars Pequot Wars (1636-1638) King Philip s War (1675-1678)
ENGLAND Defeat of Spanish Armada (1588) Population increases Joint-stock companies develop Religious conflicts divide the nation Weak monarchs, civil wars, and revolutions
ENGLISH COLONIES Charters Corporate Colony Granted a charter to stockholders Ex. Virginia Proprietary Colony Granted a charter to individual or group Ex. Maryland, Pennsylvania Royal Colony Under direct control of the monarch Ex. New Hampshire Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal colonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts First page of the Carolina charter, authorized by Charles II, 1663
THE FIRST ENGLISH ATTEMPTS Sir Walter Raleigh (1585) Roanoke (1587)
JAMESTOWN Virginia Company of London Established in 1607 on mouth of Chesapeake Bay John Smith he that will not work shall not eat Starving Time (1609-1610) Powhatan John Rolfe Tobacco seeds to plantations
WHO IS THIS?
OH YEAH POCAHONTAS
DISNEY S JOHN SMITH
HOLLYWOOD S JOHN SMITH
THIS IS JOHN SMITH.
PILGRIMS Separatists to Holland then head for Virginia Mayflower takes Separatists and others to Jamestown but weather complicates matters Settlers decide to remain and establish Plymouth (1620)
THE MAYFLOWER (II)
THIRTEEN COLONIES
NEW ENGLAND Massachusetts Bay Colony and Puritans (1630) John Winthrop city upon a hill Rhode Island Providence (1636) Roger Williams Portsmouth (1638) Anne Hutchinson Connecticut Hartford (1637) Thomas Hooker New Haven (1638) New Hampshire (1679)
NEW ENGLAND AND RELIGION Puritanical lifestyle in Massachusetts Religious toleration and dissent Rhode Island Roger Williams and wall of separation Anne Hutchinson and Antinomianism Halfway Covenant (1662) Attempt to increase members Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693) 185 accused 141 women; 44 men 19 executed 14 women; 5 men
NEW ENGLAND POLITICS Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) First written constitution in America Relations with Natives New England Confederation (1643-1684) Defense alliance among Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Haven King Philip s (Metacom) War (1675-1676) New England Confederation defeats Wampanoag alliance
HISTORIOGRAPHY THE PURITANS: ORTHODOXY OR DIVERSITY? Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson The Puritans (1938) Thus Puritanism appears, from the social and economic point of view, to have been a philosophy of social stratification, placing the command in the hands of the properly qualified and demanding implicit obedience from the uneducated; from the religious point of view it was the dogged assertion of the unity of intellect and spirit in the face of a rising tide of democratic sentiment suspicious of the intellect and intoxicated with the spirit. It was autocratic, hierarchical, and authoritarian that in the social realm holy writ were to be the mentors of farmers and merchants. David D. Hall Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment (1989) Let me return to the crucial question of the clergy and their role in shaping popular religion... they had too much in common with the people, and too prominent a part to play in teaching certain structures of belief... I refuse to represent the clergy as so dominating in the churches that their way of thinking always prevailed...the power of the clergy was too mediated to make them really dominant, and "domination" is a word that simply doesn't fit in the pluralistic structure of New England towns and churches.
THINK ABOUT IT What made New England different from New France and New Netherlands?