Bentley Chapter 16 Study Guide: The Two Worlds of Christendom The Quest for Political Order (p. 328-329) 1. How did the east and west differ after the fall of the Roman Empire? The Early Byzantine Empire: The City of Constantinople (p. 329) 2. What reasons did Constantine have in moving the capital of the Roman empire to Byzantion (Byzantium)? 3. Describe the city of Constantinople. The Early Byzantine Empire: Caesaropapism (p. 330) 4. Describe the role and view of Byzantine emperors. The Early Byzantine Empire: Justinian and Theodora (p. 330-331) 5. Describe Justinian s most notable construction. What was it? The Early Byzantine Empire: Justinian s Code (p. 331) 6. What is significant about Justinian s political contribution? The Early Byzantine Empire: Byzantine Conquests (p. 331-332) 7. What was Justinian s most ambitious venture, and did he succeed? Muslim Conquests and Byzantine Revival: Muslim Conquests (p. 332) 8. How was the Byzantine empire able to keep control of Anatolia, Greece, and the Balkan region from the expanding Islamic empire? - 1 -
Muslim Conquests and Byzantine Revival: The Theme System (p. 332) 9. Describe how Byzantine rulers responded to the threat of Islam. Be able to explain the theme system. The Rise of the Franks: Germanic Kingdoms and The Franks (p. 332-333) 10. Read the three sections and describe western Europe after the fall of Rome. Include political structure, people, and religion. 11. What was significant about the Battle of Tours/Poitiers? The Rise of the Franks: Charlemagne and Charlemagne s Administration (p. 333-334) 12. Read the next two sections: summarize characteristics of Charlemagne s empire. The Rise of the Franks: Charlemagne as Emperor (p. 334) 13. Describe the significance of the year 800 C.E. The Age of the Vikings: Invasions (p. 335) 14. What three groups cause Charlemagne s empire to fall and where did they invade/threaten? 15. What were the reasons for the Viking conquests? The Age of the Vikings: Vikings (p. 335-336) 16. Describe the technology that the Viking used to successfully raid Northern Europe. The Age of the Vikings: Devolution of Political Authority (p. 336-337) 17. What was the political effect of the invasions? - 2 -
Economy and Society in Early Medieval Europe (p. 337) 18. What were the differences between the two regions of Christendom? The Two Economies of Early Medieval Europe: The Byzantium Peasantry (p. 337) 19. Describe the class of free peasants in the Byzantine empire. The Two Economies of Early Medieval Europe: Manufacturing (p. 337) 20. What products were manufactured by the large class of artisan and craft workers? The Two Economies of Early Medieval Europe: Silk (p. 337) 21. How did manufacturing of silk impact the Byzantine empire? The Two Economies of Early Medieval Europe: Byzantine Trade (p. 337-338) 22. What city sat at the center of trade, who did the Byzantines trade with, and what products did they receive? The Two Economies of Early Medieval Europe: Heavy Plows (p. 338-339) 23. Describe how the heavy plow impacted western Europe s rural economy. The Two Economies of Early Medieval Europe: Trade in Western Christendom and Norse Merchant- Mariners (p. 339) 24. How did western Europe participate in land and maritime trade? - 3 -
Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: Byzantium: An Urban Society (p. 339) 25. What cities flourished in the Byzantine empire? Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: City Life (p. 339) 26. What are examples of a patriarchal society seen in the city? Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: Attractions of Constantinople (p. 339-340) 27. What attractions were in Constantinople? Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: Western Europe: A Rural Society (p. 340) 28. What happened to the cities in Western Europe? Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: The Question of Feudalism (p. 340) 29. Describe the system of feudalism in western Europe. Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: Peasants (p. 340-341) 30. Describe the role of the peasant in western Europe. Social Development in the Two World of Christendom: Population (p. 340) 31. What contributed to the rise in population after the 8 th century?. The Evolution of Christian Societies in Byzantium and Western Europe (p. 343) 32. What were the similarities of Christianity between western Europe and the Byzantine Empire and where did they disagree? - 4 -
Popes and Patriarchs (p. 343) 33. Read the following three sections: The Papacy, Pope Gregory I, and The Patriarch. Summarize the conflict that arose between western Europe and the Byzantine empire in the head of the Christian church. Popes and Patriarchs: Iconoclasm (p. 343) 34. Describe the conflict of iconoclasm. Monks and Missionaries: Monasticism and Society (p. 344-345) 35. Describe the role of monasteries in society and how the helped spread Christianity. Monks and Missionaries: Missionaries (p. 345) 36. Describe the impact of missionaries and where they went in Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. a. Western Europe: b. Byzantine Empire: Two Churches (p. 345-346) 37. Read the following sections Religious Rivalry and Schism. Describe the difference between Western Europe Christianity and Byzantine Christianity that led to schism. - 5 -