The Renaissance Chapter 15
How did Petrarch influence the Renaissance? He encouraged people to study the philosophy and literature of the past and to speak and write thoughtfully.
What practices of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation? Sale of indulgences and interpretation of the Bible by only the Pope and church officials.
How does the Renaissance affect us today? People are richer for the art, literature, science, and technology that came from the Renaissance. The variety of Protestant religions came from the Reformation.
What helped Florence, Milan, and Venice flourish economically? commerce trade
What did the Renaissance represent? The rebirth of cultures from ancient Greece and Rome.
Summary The Awakening The Renaissance characterized by a renewal of interest in art, science, education, and the culture of ancient Greece and Rome, began in Italy during the 1400s.
Map Skills: Which city-states were islands? Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sicily
Map Skills: Which city-states bordered both the Adriatic Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea? Kingdom of Naples Papal States
What conclusion can you draw about art before the Renaissance? People and nature were not drawn realistically.
What is the art of perspective? The illusion that artists give to a painting that shows depth.
Why might Michelangelo have created a sculpture of David that was so tall? Because he thought that David was important.
Summary Art in the Renaissance During the Renaissance, artists - including Raphael, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci - created beautiful works of art.
How important was art to Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci? Very important Michelangelo - examined and then selected blocks of marble with no flaws. Leonardo da Vinci - dissected human bodies in order to study human anatomy.
What forms did Renaissance artists use to create their works of art? painting sculpture
What art forms characterized the Asian Renaissance? novels poetry architecture theater wood-block prints multicolored wood-block art
How did Renaissance scientists contribute to present day scientific understanding? The realized that Earth moves around the sun
Summarize the impact of Renaissance scientists. They helped spread ideas and other scientists went on to perform experiments and make their ideas known.
Summary Revolution in Science Two significant Renaissance scientists, Copernicus and Galileo, taught that Earth moved around the sun. The Catholic Church criticized Galileo for this theory.
How did Copernicus and Galileo change people s ideas about the world? Copernicus - taught that the Earth was not the center of the universe Galileo - studied the motion of pendulums and the physics of motion
How did the printing press work? It used moveable type - small reusable letters and numbers
Which industries directly benefited from the invention of the printing press? The paper and book industry The manufacturing industry
What other inventions were introduced during the Renaissance? watch single lens microscope optical telescope air thermometer
How did Gutenberg s printing press change conditions in Europe? As a result of the printing press, people read more and the book trade flourished throughout Europe.
Summary Renaissance Inventions A variety of inventions were introduced during the Renaissance, including the printing press, which Johannes Gutenberg worked on during the 1440s.
What were two main objections Luther had to the Roman Catholic Church? The selling of indulgences The dictate that only the pope or other church officials could interpret the bible
How did Martin Luther suggest the church might respond to his objections? He asked for a debate.
What was the main point Luther was trying to make in the quote? He believed his objections were based on the Word of God and taking them back would be going against God.
What were the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation? Reformation - movement to bring reform to the Roman Catholic Church, led to Protestantism. Counter-Reformation - movement to reform the Roman Catholic Church to keep Christians from becoming Protestants
Map Skill: What religions were practiced in Ireland? Protestant Roman Catholic
Map Skill: In which countries did Roman Catholic areas overlap with Protestant areas? Parts of Prussia Poland Lithuania France
Summary The need for Church Reform One of the most vocal critics of the Roman Catholic Church, Martin Luther, was eventually excommunicated from the Church, initiating the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.