Vayakheil. GENESIS Bereishit Noach Lech Lecha Vayeira Chayei Sarah Toldot Vayeitzei Vayishlach Vayeishev Mikeitz Vayigash Vayechi

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GENESIS Bereishit Noach Lech Lecha Vayeira Chayei Sarah Toldot Vayeitzei Vayishlach Vayeishev Mikeitz Vayigash Vayechi EXODUS Shemot Vaeira Bo Beshalach Yitro Mishpatim Terumah Tetzaveh Tisa Vayakheil Pekudei LEVITICUS Vayikra Tzav Shemini Tazria Metzora Acharei Mot Kedoshim Emor Behar Bechukotai NUMBERS Bemidbar Naso Beha alotecha Shelach Korach Chukat Balak Pinchas Matot Masei DEUTERONOMY Devarim Va etchanan Eikev Re eh Shoftim Teitzei Tavo Netzavim Vayeilech Ha azinu Vezot Habrachah 22 להקיו

22 ו י ק ה ל Vayakheil Overview T he last two parashiot of the Book of Exodus, Vayakheil and Pekudei, relate how Moses and the people fulfilled God s instructions to build the Tabernacle, furnish it, and make the garments for the priests who would officiate in it. In most years, these two parashiot are read together. Specifically, parashat Vayakheil opens with Moses informing the people that working on the Tabernacle does not supersede the Sabbath. He then tells them what materials God has asked them to donate and calls for volunteers to do the work. The people bring their donations and the artisans begin their work. The Torah is essentially here repeating parashat Terumah, only changing the predominant verb from you shall make to he made. Similarly, much of parashat Pekudei is a repetition of the first half of parashat Tetzaveh with similar verb changes. Rather than repeating so much of Terumah and Tetzaveh, the Torah could easily have summarized most of the action in Vayakheil and Pekudei in a few sentences. The fact that it does go into all the details means that there is a fundamental difference between the commands to build the Tabernacle and their implementation. As we have seen, Moses was born with an innate, keen spiritual sensitivity. Besides this, he was granted a level of prophecy more sublime than that of any prophet before or after him. Finally, God gave Moses the commands to build the Tabernacle when he was on Mount Sinai and God had elevated him to a uniquely lofty spiritual level of existence. Clearly, then, Moses received and understood these commands in a very abstract, ethereal way. He saw the Tabernacle and its accoutrements in an extremely idealized form, even though he of course understood that they were meant to take on physical form as well. In contrast, the Tabernacle described in these parashiot is consummately physical. The description of how the people donated the materials, tallied them, fashioned them into the various components and furnishings, brought them to Moses, and rested from work every Sabbath, leaves no doubt that a palpable, physical Tabernacle was being constructed notwithstanding any coexistent spiritual dimension it might have possessed. It is in order to highlight the difference between the abstract and the concrete Tabernacles that the Torah details the construction of the Tabernacle in these two parashiot. The difference is important because the lower, physical Tabernacle is the fulfillment of God s will to make this world His home not the abstract, idealized Tabernacle that Mo- 268

ses envisioned on Mount Sinai. Overview of Vayakheil The name of the parashah Vayakheil means and he assembled, referring to how Moses assembled the people when he came down from Mount Sinai to transmit God s commands to build the Tabernacle. Assembling is not merely collecting or gathering ; it signifies bringing together disparate entities to form a collective whole. Moses had to assemble the people when he transmitted these commands since the people had to build the Tabernacle as a collective whole, not as individuals. The Tabernacle s purpose was to enable God s presence to dwell among the entirety of the Jewish people. In order to fulfill this role, the wealth and materials that the people donated had to become community wealth, which meant that the people had to be assembled into a cohesive unit. But as a name for the entire parashah, Vayakheil seems inappropriate, inasmuch as most of the parashah is devoted to detailing the particulars of the Tabernacle, as we said, emphasizing the importance of each detail. The answer to this apparent contradiction is that yes, each component of the Tabernacle possessed a unique holiness and fulfilled a unique function, but only when it became part of the Tabernacle as a whole. The Candelabrum, for example, functioned as the Candelabrum and fulfilled its spiritual functions only when it was placed in the Tabernacle together with all the other furnishings. The lessons in the name Vayakheil, then, are as follows: First, every Jew is part of the collective reality of the Jewish people, whose existence is necessary for God s purposes on earth to be fulfilled. And since all Jews are all part of this collective whole, no Jew is too high or too low on the ladder of spiritual status to work together with every other Jew. Second, every Jew is essential to the community, just as every detail of the Tabernacle was essential to its operation. Third, although we all have our individual, intrinsic worth, this unique identity does not truly assert itself until we identify with the Jewish people as a whole, just as the individual components of the Tabernacle did not begin to function until the entire edifice was erected. Finally, this parashah teaches us that despite our own shortcomings and the imperfect nature of the reality we live in, we should never feel too inadequate to fulfill God s will. It was the real-world Tabernacle that the people built, not Moses abstract, ideal Tabernacle on Mount Sinai, that God chose to dwell in. If we act with warmth, sincerity, and enthusiasm, God crowns our efforts with success, and dwells in the Tabernacle we build Him out of our lives. 1 1. Likutei Sichot, vol. 1, pp. 195-198, pp. 195-198, vol. 21, pp. 250-259; Hitva aduyot 5743, vol. 2, pp. 1120-1121. 269

ויקהל FIRST READING 35:1 ו י ק ה ל מ ש ה א ת כ ל ע ד ת ב נ י י ש ר א ל ו י אמ ר א ל ה ם א ל ה ה ד ב ר ים א ש ר צ ו ה י הו ה ל ע ש ת א ת ם: ONKELOS 35:1 ו כ נ ש מ ש ה י ת כ ל כ נ ש ת א ד ב נ י י ש ר א ל ו א מ ר ל הו ן א ל ין פ ת ג מ י א ד י פ ק יד י י ל מ ע ב ד י ת הו ן: nonetheless affords us the opportunity to delve deeper into the Torah than we could have otherwise. As in other contexts, the depths we can reach when we exert ourselves and muster our own hidden potentials are greater than those we can reach when we receive God s revelation as a gift. 11 God both hewed the first tablets and inscribed them. Moses hewed the second tablets himself, but God again inscribed them. Nonetheless, while God s writing on both tablets was miraculous, 12 the miraculous nature of the writing on the second tablets did not affect the rest of the Torah. Because of this difference, the extent of the freedom effected by the two sets of tablets 13 was also different: the first tablets granted all the people absolute freedom from the forces of evil, even rendering them immune to forgetting anything they learned, while the second tablets afforded only relative freedom from evil, and even this not to the whole people, but only to those who actively study the Torah. Furthermore, because the purpose of the Torah is to refine us (as can be seen from how Moses countered the arguments of the angels when they protested God s intention to give the Torah to mortal humans 14 ), the fact that we are no longer in the pristine state to which we were elevated when the Torah was first given means that we need the Torah much more now than we did then. Thus, the sages tell us 15 that were it not for the incident of the Golden Calf, the Torah would have been limited to the Five Books of Moses and the Book of Joshua (which describes the conquest and division of the Land of Israel) and their oral explanation. Together with the second tablets, God gave us the opportunity and obligation to refine ourselves by plumbing the Torah s depths and revealing its implicit meanings. The dialectic and homiletic exegesis of the Written Torah has produced the great corpus of the Oral Torah that has developed since then, which was first recorded in the two Talmuds and the halachic and aggadic Midrashim and has been continuously elaborated upon ever since. 16 RASHI CHASIDIC INSIGHTS 1 ו י ק ה ל מ ש ה. ל מ ח ר ת יו ם ה כ פ ו ר ים כ ש י ר ד מ ן ה ה ר. ו הו א ל ש ו ן ה פ ע יל, ש א ינו או ס ף א נ ש ים ב י ד י ם א ל א ה ן נ א ס פ ים ע ל פ י ד ב ו רו. ו ת ר ג ו מו : "ו א כ נ ש ": These things are what God has commanded to do: Constructing the Tabernacle was a microcosm of life in general: the purpose of the Tabernacle was to provide an earthly dwelling for God s presence; the purpose of life in general is to transform the world into an earthly dwelling for God. Thus, the 39 categories of work required to construct the Tabernacle are the archetypes for all the work we do in the physical world in order to refine and elevate it. Taking this analogy one step further, it follows that the fact that the people were required to stop working on the Tabernacle on the Sabbath means that we, too, are required to stop working on refining the world on the Sabbath. The reason for this is because every week is a repetition of the week of creation; just as God rested on the first Sabbath, so does He rest every Sabbath. In other words, the six workdays are created by and imbued with God s creative energy, while the Sabbath is created by and imbued with God s resting energy. As was explained above, 17 God s resting is His reexperience, so to speak, of the original thought of creation that gave rise to the whole process of creating the world. During the week of creation, God attended to the details of executing His designs; after the master architect completed His masterpiece, He surveyed it and reviewed it as the fulfillment of His plan. Inasmuch as everything is continuously being brought into being by the energy God infuses into the world, on the Sabbath, everything is being brought into being by God s reviewing mentality rather than by His executing mentality. The Sabbath is therefore the time when all the work of the preceding week ascends spiritually to its source. Our task on the Sabbath is not to labor in rectifying creation, but rather to experience creation as the Divine dwelling we have worked to make it during the week. In order to enter into this state of consciousness, it is imperative that we refrain from engaging in the 39 categories of Tabernacle-work that comprise the cre- 11. Or HaTorah, Devarim, pp. 1779 ff; pp. 1786 ff; Yom Tov shel Rosh HaShanah 5766, pp. 86 ff; Sefer HaMa amarim 5706-5707, pp. 35 ff, pp. 46 ff; Likutei Sichot, vol. 14, pp. 160-161. 12. See 32:15, above. 13. See on 32:16, above. 14. See on 19:3, above. 15. Shemot Rabbah 46:1. 16. Yom Tov shel Rosh HaShanah 5766, pp. 86 ff; Sefer HaMa amarim 5706-5707, pp. 35-36. 17. See on Genesis 2:1-3. 270

Exodus 35:1 VAYAKHEIL The Second Census 35:1 The day Moses descended Mount Sinai for the third and final time, he reported to the people that God had forgiven them and exhorted them to reciprocate by repenting accordingly. He also explained the differences between the first and second tablets and how their relationship to God and the Torah had changed in light of these differences. 1 The following day, Tishrei 11, 2449, Moses counted the people as God had commanded him. 2 In this census, Moses counted the male laymen between the ages of 20 and 60 by collecting a half-shekel from each, as he would do again seven months later, on the 1 st of Iyar. 3 The total number of individuals counted was 603,550. 4 The Sabbath Moses then assembled the entire congregation of the Israelites and said to them, God has agreed to let you build the Tabernacle, so His presence can again dwell among you. 5 You are certainly eager, as you should be, to build it as quickly as possible. Nevertheless, take care that your alacrity not lead you to transgress the prohibition of working on the Sabbath. 6 After all, the Sabbath has the distinction of being one of the Ten Commandments you heard from God Himself, 7 whereas building the Tabernacle does not have this distinction; therefore, building the Tabernacle cannot override the Sabbath. These are the things that God has commanded you concering the Sabbath: Firstly, the things you are to do in order to observe it actively: you must remember it and anticipate it throughout the workweek. 8 1 The differences between the first and second tablets: As was seen above, 9 when the people received the Torah at Mount Sinai, they were cleansed of the effects of any previous wrongdoings and restored to the spiritual status of Adam and Eve before they ate the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. They lost this status when they committed the sin of the Golden Calf. Thus, when God first gave the Torah, He gave the people the opportunity to live life in the way wholly righteous individuals live it; afterwards, their approach to life became that of penitents. There are advantages and disadvantages to both states of being, and, as was noted above, it was because of the opportunities available only to penitents that God orchestrated the sins involving the Tree of Knowledge and the Golden Calf in the first place. Righteous people do not have to contend with the challenges of temptation; they can perform their Divine mission naturally, without impediments. Their lives are an ongoing process of realizing their own God-given potential and transforming the world around them into God s home. CHASIDIC INSIGHTS Penitents, however, have to exert themselves and tap reservoirs of inspiration and self-discipline that the righteous have no need of. Their lives are a process of striving beyond themselves; by rectifying their previous wrongdoings, they transform realms of reality that the righteous never touch. Essentially, then, the difference between righteous people and penitents is that the former work with their God-given gifts and with those aspects of reality that are a priori fit to become God s home, while the latter work with their own powers and with realms of reality that are initially antithetical to Divinity. This difference was reflected in the two sets of tablets. According to the sages, if the first tablets had not been broken, the people would have never forgotten any part of the Torah they learned. 10 The second tablets did not affect reality this way. Thus, the people would now have to exert themselves in order to retain the Torah they learned. Although this clearly puts us at a disadvantage vis-àvis how broad our knowledge of the Torah can be, it 1. Likutei Sichot, vol. 6, p. 216. 2. Above, 30:11-12. 3. Numbers 1:1-47. 4. Below, 38:26. 5. Above, 25:1. 6. Likutei Sichot, vol. 26, pp. 258-259. 7. Above, 20:8. 8. Likutei Sichot, vol. 11, pp. 158-161. 9. On 19:11. 10. Eiruvin 54a. 270

ויקהל FIRST READING ONKELOS 2 ש ש ת י מ ים ת ע ש ה מ ל אכ ה וב י ום ה ש ב יע י י ה י ה ל כ ם ק ד ש ש ב ת ש ב ת ון ל יה ו ה כ ל ה ע ש ה ב ו מ ל אכ ה י ומ ת: 3 ל א ת ב ע ר ו א ש ב כ ל מ ש ב ת יכ ם ב י ום ה ש ב ת: פ 4 ו י אמ ר מ ש ה א ל כ ל ע ד ת ב נ י י ש ר א ל ל אמ ר ז ה ה ד ב ר א ש ר צ ו ה י הו ה ל אמ ר: 5 ק ח ו מ א ת כ ם ת ר ומ ה ל יהו ה כ ל נ ד יב ל ב ו י ב יא ה א ת ת ר ומ ת י הו ה ז ה ב ו כ ס ף ונ ח ש ת: 2 ש ת א יו מ ין ת ת ע ב יד ע ב יד ת א ו ב יו מ א ש ב יע א ה י ה י ל כו ן ק ד ש א ש ב א ש ב ת א ק ד ם י י כ ל ד י ע ב ד ב ה ע ב יד ת א י ת ק ט יל: 3 ל א ת ב ע רו ן א ש ת א ב כ ל מו ת ב נ יכו ן ב יו מ א ד ש ב ת א: 4 ו א מ ר מ ש ה ל כ ל כ נ ש ת א ד ב נ י י ש ר א ל ל מ ימ ר ד ין פ ת ג מ א ד י פ ק יד י י ל מ ימ ר: 5 ס בו מ נ כו ן א פ ר ש ו ת א ק ד ם י י כ ל ד י ת ר ע י ל ב ה י י ת י י ת א פ ר ש ו ת א ק ד ם י י ד ה ב א ו כ ס פ א ו נ ח ש א: RASHI CHASIDIC INSIGHTS 2 ש ש ת י מ ים. ה ק ד ים ל ה ם א ז ה ר ת ש ב ת ל צ ו ו י מ ל אכ ת ה מ ש כ ן, לו מ ר ש א ינ ה ד ו ח ה א ת ה ש ב ת: 3 ל א ת ב ע רו א ש. י ש מ ר ב ו ת ינו או מ ר ים : 1 ה ב ע ר ה ל ל או י צ את. ו י ש או מ ר ים: ל ח ל ק י צ את: 4 ז ה ה ד ב ר א ש ר צ ו ה ה'. ל י 1. יבמות ו, ב. ל אמ ר ל כ ם: 5 נ ד יב ל ב ו. ע ל ש ם ש ל ב ו נו ד בו ק רו י "נ ד יב ל ב". כ ב ר פ ר ש ת י נ ד ב ת ה מ ש כ ן ו מ ל אכ ת ו ב מ קו ם צ ו א ת ם: ens us. On the contrary, by eating the food even if we experience its good taste we elevate it and it elevates us to a higher level of Divine consciousness. 24 2 Work may be done for six days: The use of the passive voice ( work shall be done ) to describe weekday work teaches us that we must not invest all our energies in doing it; we should, so to speak, almost allow it to happen by itself. In other words, notwithstanding the importance of our weekday work especially if we are engaged in refining the world and making it into God s home we must not allow ourselves to let it inundate us and overtake our minds and hearts. Our work must not be allowed to encroach on our set times for prayer, Torah study, charitable pursuits, educating our children, and so forth. If we devote all our energies to work, it will prove very difficult to divorce ourselves from it when the Sabbath comes thoughts and worries of work will haunt us. But if we preserve a sense of balance throughout the week, we will be able to focus properly on the holiness of the Sabbath when it comes. In this context, it is significant that this command was given immediately after Moses descended from Mount Sinai, after having secured God s forgiveness for the incident of the Golden Calf. As we have seen, 25 idolatry originates in the error of ascribing autonomy to the created beings God designated as the conduits for His beneficence. Work is one such conduit, which is why we are enjoined to work for our livelihood. But ascribing our sustenance solely to our own efforts is a subtle form of bowing down to an idol. It is God who blesses our efforts with success; our job is simply to make a vessel into which He can pour His blessings. By taking care not to invest inordinate amounts of time, energy, and thought in weekday work, we ensure that we will not fall into the error of idolatry, even in a subtle form. 26 5 Let every generous-hearted person bring the contribution for God. Besides demonstrating the extent to which they regretted their involvement in the Golden Calf and their desire for God to once again dwell among them, the people s enthusiasm in participating personally in offering the material for constructing the Tabernacle affected the very nature of the Tabernacle itself. When God gave the Torah at Mount Sinai, it was, relatively, an act of His own initiative. As we have already seen, a revelation from above that is initiated from above has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of such a revelation is that it is not limited by the capacity of the recipients; since no preparatory work was done, God need not concern Himself with accommodating such preparations. The disadvantage is that since there was no preparation, the recipients have no way of retaining the revelation they receive, and therefore its effects are transitory. Thus, despite the 24. Derech Mitzvotecha, pp. 92-93. 25. Genesis 4:26. 26. Likutei Sichot, vol. 1, p. 187-190. 271

Exodus 35:2-5 VAYAKHEIL 2 Secondly, what you must do in order to observe it passively: work may be done only for six days, but the seventh day shall be holy for you a complete rest from work unto God. This is so important that whoever does any one of the 39 prohibited types of work on the Sabbath shall be put to death. 3 The exception is kindling fire. Although you shall not kindle fire in any of your dwellings on the Sabbath day, the punishment for doing so is not death but only lashes. Furthermore, each one of the 39 categories of work is separately prohibited on the Sabbath; therefore, if you transgress several of them inadvertently, you must atone for each act separately. The Tabernacle 4 Having exhorted the people to remember what they heard themselves from God, Moses then related to them what God had told him during the last forty days. 18 Moses spoke to the entire congregation of the Israelites, saying, This is what God has commanded me to say to you: 5 Take contributions for God from among yourselves for the construction of the Tabernacle and its accoutrements. This command applies only to you and not to me, because the fact that God is allowing you to make the Tabernacle indicates that He has forgiven you for having made the Golden Calf and is agreeing to let His presence dwell among you. Since I was not involved in this sin, (a) I am not required to contribute toward the Tabernacle; and (b) God s presence has remained accessible to me, 19 so I have no technical need of the Tabernacle. 20 Since the Tabernacle s purpose is to counteract the negative effect of the incident of the Golden Calf, you must prepare and donate your contributions expressly for the purpose of fashioning the Tabernacle and atoning for having made the Golden Calf. 21 Let every generous-hearted person bring the contribution for God. Your generosity and alacrity in donating materials for the Tabernacle will demonstrate the extent to which you regret your involvement in the incident of the Golden Calf and your desire to have God dwell again among you. 22 The following materials are needed: gold, silver, and copper; CHASIDIC INSIGHTS ative work we do in our weekday lives. 23 If, as was just explained, we must not refine the world on the Sabbath, why is it permitted to eat? Eating, after all, is a process of elevating physical food into flesh, blood, and energy, and when we perform holy acts with this energy, we transform the physical food into spirituality. It follows, therefore, that eating on the Sabbath is not the same as eating during the week. During the week, eating is indeed a process of refinement: we must focus on the Divine spark within the food that enlivens it, and reject the food s gross sensuality. By eating with proper intention, we elevate the food; if we fail to do so, the food drags us down and reinforces our materialistic outlook on life. But on the Sabbath, eating is not a process of refinement, of separating the good from the bad; it is a process of elevating the good to a higher level of good. The more we attuned ourselves to God s resting mentality, the more refined we become; the more refined we are, the less the sensuality of the food threat- 18. Likutei Sichot, vol. 11, p. 159-161. 19. Above, 33:7. 20. Likutei Sichot, vol. 6, pp. 221-233. 21. See above, 25:1. 22. Likutei Sichot, vol. 26, pp. 262-265. 23. Or HaTorah, Shemot, p. 2113. 271

ויקהל FIRST READING 6 ות כ ל ת ו א ר ג מ ן ו ת ול ע ת ש נ י ו ש ש ו ע ז ים: 7 ו ע ר ת א יל ם מ א ד מ ים ו ע ר ת ת ח ש ים ו ע צ י ש ט ים: 8 ו ש מ ן ל מ א ור וב ש מ ים ל ש מ ן ה מ ש ח ה ו ל ק ט ר ת ה ס מ ים: 9 ו א ב נ י ש ה ם ו א ב נ י מ ל א ים ל א פ וד ו ל ח ש ן: 10 ו כ ל ח כ ם ל ב ב כ ם י ב א ו ו י ע ש ו א ת כ ל א ש ר צ ו ה י הו ה: 11 א ת ה מ ש כ ן א ת א ה ל ו ו א ת מ כ ס ה ו א ת ק ר ס יו ו א ת ק ר ש יו את בריחו }א ת ב ר יח יו{ א ת ע מ ד יו ו א ת א ד נ יו: 12 א ת ה א ר ן ו א ת ב ד יו א ת ה כ פ ר ת ו א ת פ ר כ ת ה מ ס ך: 13 א ת ה ש ל ח ן ו א ת ב ד יו ו א ת כ ל כ ל יו ו א ת ל ח ם ה פ נ ים: 14 ו א ת מ נ ר ת ה מ א ור ו א ת כ ל יה ו א ת נ ר ת יה ו א ת ש מ ן ה מ א ור: 15 ו א ת מ ז ב ח ה ק ט ר ת ו א ת ב ד יו ו א ת ש מ ן ה מ ש ח ה ו א ת ק ט ר ת ה ס מ ים ו א ת מ ס ך ה פ ת ח ל פ ת ח ה מ ש כ ן: 16 א ת מ ז ב ח ה ע ל ה ו א ת מ כ ב ר ה נ ח ש ת א ש ר ל ו א ת ב ד יו ו א ת כ ל כ ל יו א ת ה כ י ר ו א ת כ נ ו: 17 א ת ק ל ע י ה ח צ ר א ת ע מ ד יו ו א ת א ד נ יה ו א ת מ ס ך ש ע ר ה ח צ ר: 18 א ת י ת ד ת ה מ ש כ ן ו א ת י ת ד ת ה ח צ ר ו א ת מ ית ר יה ם: 11 א ת ה מ ש כ ן. י ר יעו ת ה ת ח ת ו נו ת ה נ ר או ת ב תו כו ק רו י ם "מ ש כ ן": א ת א ה לו. הו א א ה ל י ר יעו ת ע ז ים ה ע ש ו י ל ג ג: ו א ת מ כ ס הו. מ כ ס ה עו רו ת ה א יל ים ו ה ת ח ש ים: 12 ו א ת פ ר כ ת ה מ ס ך. פ ר כ ת ה מ ח יצ ה. כ ל ד ב ר ה מ ג ין, ב ין ל מ ע ל ה ב ין מ כ נ ג ד, ק רו י "מ ס ך " ו "ס כ ך ", ו כ ן "ש כ ת ב ע דו " 2, "ה נ נ י ש ך א ת ד ר כ ך " 3 13 : ל ח ם ה פ נ ים. כ ב ר פ ר ש ת י : 4 ע ל ש ם ש ה יו לו פ נ ים ל כ אן ו ל כ אן, ש הו א ע ש ו י כ מ ין ת ב ה פ רו צ ה: 14 ו א ת כ ל יה. מ ל ק ח י ם ו מ ח ת ו ת: נ ר ת יה. לוצי"ש ב ל ע ז, 5 ב ז יכ ים ש ה ש מ ן יך ו ה פ ת ילו ת נ תו נ ין ב ה ן: ו א ת ש מ ן ה מ או ר. א ף הו א צ ר ח כ מ י ל ב, ש הו א מ ש נ ה מ ש א ר ש מ נ ים, כ מו ש מ פ ר ש RASHI 2. איוב א, י. 3. הושע ב, ח. 4. לעיל כה, כט. 5. מ נ ור ות. 6. פו, א. 7. שמות כז, יד. ONKELOS ב מ נ חו ת : 6 מ ג ר ג רו ב ר אש ה ז י ת, ו הו א כ ת ית ו ז ך : 15 מ ס ך ה פ ת ח. ו ילו ן ש ל פ נ י ה מ ז ר ח, ש ל א ה יו ש ם ל א ק ר ש ים ו ל א י ר יעו ת: 17 א ת ע מ ד יו ו א ת א ד נ יה. ה ר י "ח צ ר" ק רו י כ אן ל ש ו ן ז כ ר ו ל ש ו ן נ ק ב ה, ו כ ן ד ב ר ים ה ר ב ה: ו א ת מ ס ך ש ע ר ה ח צ ר. ו ילו ן פ רו ש ל צ ד ה מ ז ר ח, ע ש ר ים א מ ה א מ צ ע י ו ת ש ל ר ח ב ה ח צ ר, ש ה י ה ח מ ש ים ר ח ב, ו ס תו מ ין ה ימ נ ו ל צ ד צ פו ן ח מ ש ע ש ר ה א מ ה. ו כ ן ל ד רו ם, ש נ א מ ר: "ו ח מ ש ע ש ר ה א מ ה ק ל ע ים ל כ ת ף" 18 : 7 י ת ד ת. ל ת ק ע ו ל ק ש ר ב ה ם סו פ י ה י ר יעו ת ב א ר ץ, ש ל א י נו עו ב רו ח : מ ית ר יה ם. ח ב ל ים ל ק ש ו ר: 6 ו ת כ ל א ו א ר ג ו נ א ו צ ב ע ז הו ר י ו בו ץ ו מ ע ז י: 7 ו מ ש כ י ד ד כ ר י מ ס מ ק י ו מ ש כ י ד ס ס גו נ א ו א ע י ש ט ין: 8 ו מ ש ח א ל א נ ה רו ת א ו ב ס מ י א ל מ ש ח ר בו ת א ו ל ק ט ר ת ב ס מ י א: 9 ו א ב נ י ב ר ל א ו א ב נ י א ש ל ימו ת א ל ש ק ע א ב א פו ד א ו ב ח ש נ א: 10 ו כ ל ח כ ימ י ל ב א ד ב כו ן י יתו ן ו י ע ב דו ן י ת כ ל ד י פ ק יד י י : 11 י ת מ ש כ נ א י ת פ ר ס ה ו י ת חו פ א ה י ת פ ו ר פו ה י ו י ת ד פ ו ה י י ת ע ב רו ה י י ת ע מ ו דו ה י ו י ת ס מ כו ה י: 12 י ת א רו נ א ו י ת א ר יחו ה י י ת כ פ ר ת א ו י ת פ ר כ ת א ד פ ר ס א: 13 י ת פ תו ר א ו י ת א ר יחו ה י ו י ת כ ל מ נו ה י ו י ת ל ח ם א פ י א: 14 ו י ת מ נ ר ת א ד א נ הו ר י ו י ת מ נ ה א ו י ת ב ו צ ינ ה א ו י ת מ ש ח א ד א נ ה רו ת א: 15 ו י ת מ ד ב ח א ד ק ט ר ת ב ס מ י א ו י ת א ר יחו ה י ו י ת מ ש ח א ד ר בו ת א ו י ת ק ט ר ת ב ס מ י א ו י ת פ ר ס א ד ת ר ע א ל ת ר ע מ ש כ נ א: 16 י ת מ ד ב ח א ד ע ל ת א ו י ת ס ר ד א ד נ ח ש א ד י ל ה י ת א ר יחו ה י ו י ת כ ל מ נו ה י י ת כ י ו ר א ו י ת ב ס יס ה : 17 י ת ס ר ד י ד ר ת א י ת ע מ ו דו ה י ו י ת ס מ כ ה א ו י ת פ ר ס א ד ת ר ע ד ר ת א: 18 י ת ס כ י מ ש כ נ א ו י ת ס כ י ד ר ת א ו י ת א ט ו נ יהו ן: 272

Exodus 35:6-18 VAYAKHEIL 6 wool dyed turquoise, wool dyed purple, wool dyed scarlet, linen, goat hair; 7 red-dyed ram skins, tachash skins, and acacia wood; 8 olive oil for illumination in the Candelabrum, and spices for the anointing oil and for the incense offering; 9 and onyx stones and inset stones for the Ephod and the Breastplate, respectively. Moses did not, at this point, ask for flour for the showbread, since the Tabernacle would not be set up for some months yet, and the bread would not stay fresh that long. 27 10 Moses continued: Although you may all be relied upon to have pure enough intentions to prepare and donate the materials, you may not all be relied upon to have proper intentions necessary for fashioning them into the Tabernacle s component parts, for your participation in making the Golden Calf has tainted you. Rather, God shall endow specific individuals with the requisite wise-heartedness for this task. 28 Every such wise-hearted person shall then come forth and make all that God has commanded: 11 The inner tapestries to cover the Tabernacle, with its middle cover and its outer roof; its clasps, its planks, its crossbars, its pillars and its bases; 12 the Ark, its rods, and the Ark Cover, and the partition Curtain; 13 the Table, its rods, and all its utensils, and the showbread; 14 the Candelabrum for illumination and all its utensils, including the main utensil 29 its lamps, and oil for illumination; 15 the incense Altar and its rods, the anointing oil, the incense offering, and the entrance Screen for the entrance of the Tabernacle; 16 the sacrificial Altar, its copper Grate, its rods and all its utensils; the Laver and its base; 17 the crocheted hangings of the Courtyard, its pillars and its bases, and the Screen for the entrance of the Courtyard; 18 the stakes for the Tabernacle, the stakes for the Courtyard, and their tying ropes; transcendent revelations that accompanied the Giving of the Torah, its effect was only temporary. The mountain was so holy during the revelation that anyone who touched it was liable to die, but as soon as the revelation was over it reverted to its mundane state. The Jewish people achieved the exalted spiritual level of Adam before the sin, but this did not prevent them from sinning with the Golden Calf a mere forty days later. With the construction of the Tabernacle, however, the people participated in preparing for the revelation that was to occur upon its completion. Therefore, via CHASIDIC INSIGHTS the Tabernacle, holiness became part and parcel of our existence. This, indeed, was its essence: God made His home among us. In this context, the enthusiasm with which the people donated materials toward the Tabernacle s construction expressed their willingness to have God dwell among them permanently. Their generosity and alacrity were what infused the Tabernacle with this quality, and by extension, what enabled the people themselves to be fit for the ongoing revelation of God s presence in their own lives. 30 27. Hitva aduyot 5747, vol. 2, pp. 585, 589-590. 28. Likutei Sichot, vol. 31, p. 209. 29. See Likutei Sichot, vol. 16, p. 325. 30. Likutei Sichot, vol. 26, pp. 265-266. 272

ויקהל SECOND (FIRST) READING ONKELOS 19 א ת ב ג ד י ה ש ר ד ל ש ר ת ב ק ד ש א ת ב ג ד י ה ק ד ש ל א ה ר ן ה כ ה ן ו א ת ב ג ד י ב נ יו ל כ ה ן: 20 ו י צ א ו כ ל ע ד ת ב נ י י ש ר א ל מ ל פ נ י מ ש ה: שני 21 ו י ב א ו כ ל א י ש א ש ר נ ש א ו ל ב ו ו כ ל א ש ר נ ד ב ה ר וח ו א ת ו ה ב יא ו א ת ת ר ומ ת י הו ה ל מ ל אכ ת א ה ל מ וע ד ול כ ל ע ב ד ת ו ול ב ג ד י ה ק ד ש: 22 ו י ב א ו ה א נ ש ים ע ל ה נ ש ים כ ל נ ד יב ל ב ה ב יא ו ח ח ו נ ז ם ו ט ב ע ת ו כ ומ ז כ ל כ ל י ז ה ב ו כ ל א י ש א ש ר ה נ יף ת נ ופ ת ז ה ב ל יה ו ה: 23 ו כ ל א י ש א ש ר נ מ צ א א ת ו ת כ ל ת ו א ר ג מ ן ו ת ול ע ת ש נ י ו ש ש ו ע ז ים ו ע ר ת א יל ם מ א ד מ ים ו ע ר ת ת ח ש ים ה ב יא ו: 24 כ ל מ ר ים ת ר ומ ת כ ס ף ונ ח ש ת ה ב יא ו א ת ת ר ומ ת י הו ה ו כ ל א ש ר נ מ צ א א ת ו ע צ י ש ט ים ל כ ל מ ל אכ ת ה ע ב ד ה ה ב יא ו: 25 ו כ ל א ש ה ח כ מ ת ל ב ב י ד יה ט ו ו ו י ב יא ו מ ט ו ה א ת ה ת כ ל ת ו א ת ה א ר ג מ ן א ת ת ול ע ת ה ש נ י ו א ת ה ש ש: 19 י ת ל בו ש י ש מ ו ש א ל ש מ ש א ב ק ד ש א י ת ל בו ש י ק ד ש א ל א ה ר ן כ ה נ א ו י ת ל בו ש י ב נו ה י ל ש מ ש א: 20 ו נ פ קו כ ל כ נ ש ת א ד ב נ י י ש ר א ל מ ן ק ד ם מ ש ה: 21 ו א תו כ ל ג ב ר ד י א ת ר ע י ל ב ה ו כ ל ד י א ש ל ימ ת רו ח ה י ת ה א י ת יאו י ת א פ ר ש ו ת א ק ד ם י י ל ע ב יד ת מ ש כ ן ז מ נ א ו ל כ ל פ ל ח נ ה ו ל ל בו ש י ק ד ש א: 22 ו מ י ת ן ג ב ר י א ע ל נ ש י א כ ל ד א ת ר ע י ל ב ה חו ך א י ת יאו ש יר ין ו ש ב כ ין ו ע ז ק ן ו מ כ ל מ ן ד ד ה ב ו כ ל ג ב ר ד י א ר ם א ר מו ת ד ה ב א ק ד ם י י : 23 ו כ ל ג ב ר ד י א ש ת כ ח ע מ ה ת כ ל א ו א ר ג ו נ א ו צ ב ע ז הו ר י ו בו ץ ו מ ע ז י ו מ ש כ י ד ד כ ר י מ ס מ ק י ו מ ש כ י ס ס ג ו נ א א י ת יאו : 24 כ ל ד א ר ם א ר מו ת כ ס ף ו נ ח ש א י ת יאו י ת א פ ר ש ו ת א ק ד ם י י ו כ ל ד י א ש ת כ ח ע מ ה א ע י ש ט ין ל כ ל ע ב יד ת פ ל ח נ א א י ת יאו : 25 ו כ ל א ת ת א ח כ ימ ת ל ב א ב יד ה א מ ע ז ל א ו מ י ת ן כ ד ע ז יל י ת ת כ ל א ו י ת א ר ג ו נ א ו י ת צ ב ע ז הו ר י ו י ת ב ו צ א: 19 ב ג ד י ה ש ר ד. ל כ ס ו ת ה א רו ן ו ה ש ל ח ן ו ה מ נו ר ה ו ה מ ז ב חו ת, ב ש ע ת ס ל ו ק מ ס עו ת: 22 ע ל ה נ ש ים. ע ם ה נ ש ים, ו ס מו כ ין א ל יה ם: ח ח. הו א ת כ ש יט ש ל ז ה ב ע גו ל, נ תו ן ע ל ה ז רו ע, ו הו א ה צ מ יד: ו כו מ ז. כ ל י ז ה ב 8. שבת סד, א. 22 Bracelets, nose-rings, finger-rings, and chastity belts: Rabbi Avraham Ibn Ezra translates this list of items slightly differently, as earrings, nose-rings, finger-rings, and bracelets. Allegorically, this list of items that the women donated toward the construction of the Tabernacle alludes to the four ingredients of proper child-rearing that all parents must contribute in their efforts to raise Jewish children who will transform the world into God s home: Earrings: Parents must hearken to the Torah s instructions as well as those of their generation s Torah sages in all aspects of educating their children. Also, they RASHI CHASIDIC INSIGHTS must listen carefully to their children s conversations with their peers and among themselves, for children learn how to talk from their elder s example; if something is amiss in how they speak, it means something is amiss in how their role-models speak. Nose-rings: Parents must develop a keen sense of smell to determine if their children s friendships with other children are beneficial. Finger-rings: Parents must point their children to the proper path, by explaining to them gently and convincingly how worthwhile it is to adhere to the Torah s teachings and how detrimental it is to follow improper paths. הו א, נ תו ן כ נ ג ד או תו מ קו ם ל א ש ה. ו ר ב ו ת ינו פ ר ש ו 8 ש ם "כ ו מ ז" כ אן מ קו ם ז מ ה: 23 ו כ ל א יש א ש ר נ מ צ א א ת ו. ת כ ל ת, או א ר ג מ ן, או ת ו ל ע ת ש נ י, או עו רו ת א יל ים, או ת ח ש ים, כ ל ם ה ב יאו : 273

Exodus 35:19-25 VAYAKHEIL 19 the netted packing cloths for use in the Tabernacle, the sacred garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons for their service as priests. 20 The entire congregation of the Israelites then left Moses presence. Also on the day following Moses descent from Mount Sinai, his father-in-law, Jethro, advised him to set up a system of judges, as recounted earlier. 31 Donations Second Reading 21 Among the materials Moses listed as needed for the Tabernacle were precious stones, spices, and oil. Although the people had taken plenty of these things with them when they left Egypt and from the plunder at the Sea of Reeds, they had used them all by now. The princes, however, still possessed these items, and they planned to donate them. But they had learned from Moses example 32 to attend to their respective tribes affairs before their own. Therefore, before they thought of making their own contributions, they encouraged and exhorted the people to contribute whatever they had as quickly as they could, and continued doing this as long as the people kept contributing. 33 Thus, everyone whose heart uplifted him came forward, and everyone of generous spirit brought a contribution for God, for the labor of the Tent of Meeting and for all its service, and for the sacred garments. 22 Although the women were exempt from the obligation to donate, 34 they did so nonetheless. Since a wife may not donate household property without her husband s knowledge and consent, 35 the men accompanied the women when they brought their donations so it would be clear to the treasurers that they consented to their wives donations. 36 All those who were generous of heart brought bracelets, nose-rings, finger-rings, and chastity belts gold objects of all kinds as well as all those who donated a wave-offering 37 of gold to God. They did not have enough gold for all that was needed to construct the Tabernacle and its furnishings, but they gave whatever they could, even their personal jewelry. Moses, who was exceptionally wealthy, supplied the lacking gold. 38 23 Whoever had turquoise, purple, or scarlet wool, or linen, or goat hair, or reddyed ram skins, or tachash skins, brought them, despite the extra trouble it took to dye the wool and ram skins. 39 24 Whoever set aside a contribution of silver or copper, brought it as a contribution for God; and whoever had acacia wood for any of the work, brought it. 25 The women, however, did not merely bring raw materials. Since they were not involved in making the Golden Calf, 40 they could be relied upon to have the proper intentions even in fashioning these materials into the Tabernacle s components. 41 Therefore, every wise-hearted woman spun by hand, and they then brought the spun yarn of turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool, and linen. They spun the woolen yarn from wool that had been shorn off the sheep and then dyed. 31. Above, 18:13-26. 32. Above, 19:14. 33. Likutei Sichot, vol. 16, pp. 424-432. 34. Above, 25:2. 35. Bava Kama 119a. 36. Seforno; Likutei Sichot, vol. 26, p. 266, note 50. 37. On this term, see 29:24, above. 38. Hitva aduyot 5744, vol. 2, p. 1146. See below, 38:24. 39. Likutei Sichot, vol. 31, pp. 203-207. 40. Above, 32:3. 41. Above, v. 10. Likutei Sichot, vol. 31, p. 209. 273

ויקהל THIRD (SECOND) READING ONKELOS 26 ו כ ל ה נ ש ים א ש ר נ ש א ל ב ן א ת נ ה ב ח כ מ ה ט ו ו א ת ה ע ז ים: 27 ו ה נ ש א ם ה ב יא ו א ת א ב נ י ה ש ה ם ו א ת א ב נ י ה מ ל א ים ל א פ וד ו ל ח ש ן: 28 ו א ת ה ב ש ם ו א ת ה ש מ ן ל מ א ור ול ש מ ן ה מ ש ח ה ו ל ק ט ר ת ה ס מ ים: 29 כ ל א י ש ו א ש ה א ש ר נ ד ב ל ב ם א ת ם ל ה ב יא ל כ ל ה מ ל אכ ה א ש ר צ ו ה י הו ה ל ע ש ות ב י ד מ ש ה ה ב יא ו ב נ י י ש ר א ל נ ד ב ה ל יה ו ה: פ שלישי )שני במחוברין( 30 ו י אמ ר מ ש ה א ל ב נ י י ש ר א ל ר א ו ק ר א י הו ה ב ש ם ב צ ל א ל ב ן א ור י ב ן ח ור ל מ ט ה י ה וד ה: 26 ו כ ל נ ש י א ד י א ת ר ע י ל ב הו ן ע מ הו ן ב ח כ מ א ע ז ל ן י ת מ ע ז י א: 27 ו ר ב ר ב י א א י ת יאו י ת א ב נ י ב ר ל א ו י ת א ב נ י א ש ל מו ת א ל ש ק ע א ב א פו ד א ו ב ח ש נ א: 28 ו י ת ב ס מ א ו י ת מ ש ח א ל א נ ה רו ת א ו ל מ ש ח א ד ר בו ת א ו ל ק ט ר ת ב ס מ י א: 29 כ ל ג ב ר ו א ת ת א ד י א ת ר ע י ל ב הו ן י ת הו ן ל א י ת א ה ל כ ל ע ב יד ת א ד י פ ק יד י י ל מ ע ב ד ב יד א ד מ ש ה א י ת יאו ב נ י י ש ר א ל נ ד ב ת א ק ד ם י י : 30 ו א מ ר מ ש ה ל ב נ י י ש ר א ל ח זו ד ר ב י י י ב ש ו ם ב צ ל א ל ב ר או ר י ב ר חו ר ל ש ב ט א ד יהו ד ה: 26 ט וו א ת ה ע ז ים. ה יא ה י ת ה א מ נו ת י ת ר ה, ש מ ע ל ג ב י ה ע ז ים ה יו טו ו ין או ת ם: 27 ו ה נ ש א ם ה ב יאו. א מ ר ר ב י נ ת ן: מ ה ר או נ ש יא ים ל ה ת נ ד ב ב ח נ כ ת ה מ ז ב ח ב ת ח ל ה, ו ב מ ל אכ ת ה מ ש כ ן ל א ה ת נ ד בו ב ת ח ל ה? א ל א, כ ך א מ רו נ ש יא ים: י ת נ ד בו צ ב ו ר מ ה ש מ ת נ ד ב ין, ו מ ה ש מ ח ס ר ין א נו מ ש ל ימ ין או תו. כ יו ן ש ה ש ל ימו RASHI 9 צ ב ו ר א ת ה כ ל, ש נ א מ ר: "ו ה מ ל אכ ה ה י ת ה ד י ם" א מ רו נ ש יא ים: מ ה ע ל ינו ל ע ש ו ת? ה ב יאו א ת א ב נ י ה ש ה ם ו גו '. ל כ ך ה ת נ ד בו ב ח נ כ ת ה מ ז ב ח ת ח ל ה. ו ל פ י ש נ ת ע צ לו מ ת ח ל ה, נ ח ס ר ה או ת מ ש מ ם "ו ה נ ש א ם" כ ת יב: 30 חו ר. ב נ ה ש ל מ ר י ם ה י ה: CHASIDIC INSIGHTS 9. שמות לו, ז. Bracelets: At the same time, parents must be strongarmed and strict. Even if the children are well-behaved, the parents must be strict with them in order to foster their enthusiasm for their studies. 49 27 It still smacked of laziness: This hint of laziness resulted from a lack of selflessness on the part of the princes. They were a bit too impressed with their position, and this led them to focus exaggeratedly on their princely responsibilities and neglect their own personal responsibilities. We all must learn from the princes error in judgment. We are all princes in one sense or another: we all have charges for which we are responsible, beginning with our own body, which God has entrusted to our care, and extending to our family members, our environment, and our sphere of influence. In our zealousness to assume responsibility for our charges, we must not think that whatever positive influence we can or do have over them is our own accomplishment. Rather, we are merely the channels through which God accomplishes His purposes in creation. Having removed our own ego from the equation, we can rest assured that we will not fall into the trap of thinking that we fulfill our obligation to God by only influencing others. We will take care not to neglect our own obligations to study God s Torah and fulfill His commandments punctiliously. In this way we will do our full part in making both our own lives and the lives of others into God s earthly sanctuary, thereby hastening the restoration of God s Temple and the advent of the messianic future, when all the world will again be God s true home. 50 [27] It still smacked of laziness: The selflessness the princes lacked is the inner dimension of chochmah, which is indicated in God s Name Havayah INNER DIMENSIONS by the letter yud. The word for prince in this verse is thus written with one yud missing, to indicate this deficiency on their part. 51 274

Exodus 35:26-30 VAYAKHEIL 26 But the goat yarn did not have to be dyed, and the women understood that by spinning it directly from the living goats while the goat hair was still soft and pliable it would be of superior quality. So all the women whose hearts inspired them with skill spun the goat hair directly off the living animals into threads; this required special skill. 42 27 At the end of the day, 43 when the people had finished contributing, it was found that they (together with Moses) had given more than enough of material. 44 Thus, there was enough capital available to purchase (from itinerant merchants) the materials they could not bring themselves, which the princes had planned on donating. The princes indeed brought the onyx stones and inset stones for the Ephod and the Breastplate, 28 as well as the spice and the oil for illumination, for the anointing oil, and for the incense offering. But the excess of the people s contributions had rendered the princes donations technically superfluous: the princes donations merely saved the treasurers the trouble and expense of purchasing these items. The princes were disappointed that their contributions would not have the same status as the rest of the people s. Furthermore, they realized from what happened that it was incorrect to wait to contribute until the end. Although their reasons for doing so were entirely proper ensuring that their flock behave properly before fulfilling their own personal responsibilities it still smacked of laziness, especially since constructing the Tabernacle was a collective concern of the community and they should have done whatever they could have to hasten its construction without delay. They should have made their contributions at the beginning while encouraging the people to contribute. 45 29 Every man and woman among the Israelites whose heart impelled them to bring something for all the work that God had commanded to be done through Moses brought a donation for God. The women even donated their mirrors. Moses wanted to reject these mirrors since they had been used for vain purposes. But God told him to accept them, saying that these were more precious to Him than all the other contributions, for their use had led to the exceptional growth of the Jewish population in Egypt. 46 The tallies of some of the raw materials contributed are given further on. 47 Betzalel and Oholiav Third Reading (Second when combined) 30 Moses said to the Israelites: Look: I mentioned previously 48 that God will allow only specially endowed wise-hearted individuals to work on the Tabernacle. For this purpose, God has singled out by name Betzalel son of Uri son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 42. Likutei Sichot, vol. 16, pp. 449-453. 43. Hitva aduyot 5744, vol. 2, p. 1139. 44. Below, 36:7. See Numbers 7:3. 45. Likutei Sichot, vol. 16, pp. 424-432. 46. Above, 1:14. Rashi on 38:8, below. 47. 38:24-29. 48. Above, v. 10. 49. Likutei Diburim, vol. 3, pp. 573-574 (English edition: vol. V, pp. 235-236). 50. Likutei Sichot, vol. 16, pp. 432-433. 51. Rashi on 35:27, Likutei Sichot, vol. 16, p. 432. 274

ויקהל THIRD (SECOND) READING 31 ו י מ ל א א ת ו ר וח א לה ים ב ח כ מ ה ב ת ב ונ ה וב ד ע ת וב כ ל מ ל אכ ה: 32 ו ל ח ש ב מ ח ש ב ת ל ע ש ת ב ז ה ב וב כ ס ף וב נ ח ש ת: 33 וב ח ר ש ת א ב ן ל מ ל את וב ח ר ש ת ע ץ ל ע ש ות ב כ ל מ ל אכ ת מ ח ש ב ת: 34 ול ה ור ת נ ת ן ב ל ב ו ה וא ו א ה ל יא ב ב ן א ח יס מ ך ל מ ט ה ד ן: 35 מ ל א א ת ם ח כ מ ת ל ב ל ע ש ות כ ל מ ל אכ ת ח ר ש ו ח ש ב ו ר ק ם ב ת כ ל ת וב א ר ג מ ן ב ת ול ע ת ה ש נ י וב ש ש ו א ר ג ע ש י כ ל מ ל אכ ה ו ח ש ב י מ ח ש ב ת: 36:1 ו ע ש ה ב צ ל א ל ו א ה ל יא ב ו כ ל א י ש ח כ ם ל ב א ש ר נ ת ן י הו ה ח כ מ ה ות ב ונ ה ב ה מ ה ל ד ע ת ל ע ש ת א ת כ ל מ ל אכ ת ע ב ד ת ה ק ד ש ל כ ל א ש ר צ ו ה י הו ה: 2 ו י ק ר א מ ש ה א ל ב צ ל א ל ו א ל א ה ל יא ב ו א ל כ ל א י ש ח כ ם ל ב א ש ר נ ת ן י הו ה ח כ מ ה ב ל ב ו כ ל א ש ר נ ש א ו ל ב ו ל ק ר ב ה א ל ה מ ל אכ ה ל ע ש ת א ת ה: 3 ו י ק ח ו מ ל פ נ י מ ש ה א ת כ ל ה ת ר ומ ה א ש ר ה ב יא ו ב נ י י ש ר א ל ל מ ל אכ ת ע ב ד ת ה ק ד ש ל ע ש ת א ת ה ו ה ם ה ב יא ו א ל יו ע וד נ ד ב ה ב ב ק ר ב ב ק ר: 4 ו י ב א ו כ ל ה ח כ מ ים ה ע ש ים א ת כ ל מ ל אכ ת ה ק ד ש א י ש א י ש מ מ ל אכ ת ו א ש ר ה מ ה ע ש ים: 5 ו י אמ ר ו א ל מ ש ה ל אמ ר מ ר ב ים ה ע ם ל ה ב יא מ ד י ה ע ב ד ה ל מ ל אכ ה א ש ר צ ו ה י הו ה ל ע ש ת א ת ה: 6 ו י צ ו מ ש ה ו י ע ב יר ו ק ול ב מ ח נ ה ל אמ ר א י ש ו א ש ה א ל י ע ש ו ע וד מ ל אכ ה ל ת ר ומ ת ה ק ד ש ו י כ ל א ה ע ם מ ה ב יא: 7 ו ה מ ל אכ ה ה י ת ה ד י ם ל כ ל ה מ ל אכ ה ל ע ש ות א ת ה ו ה ות ר: ס 34 ו א ה ל יא ב. מ ש ב ט ד ן, מ ן ה י רו ד ין ש ב ש ב ט ים, מ ב נ י ה ש פ חו ת. ו ה ש ו הו ה מ קו ם ל ב צ ל א ל ל מ ל אכ ת ה מ ש כ ן, ו הו א מ ג דו ל י ה ש ב ט ים, ל ק י ם מ ה ש נ א מ ר: "ו ל א נ כ ר ך ש ו ע ל פ נ י ד ל" 5 : 10 מ ד י ה ע ב ד ה. יו ת ר מ כ ד י צ ר 10. איוב לד, יט. 11. שמות ח, יא. 12. מלכים ג, כד. ONKELOS RASHI 275 ה ע בו ד ה. 6 ו י כ ל א. ל ש ו ן מ נ יע ה: 7 ו ה מ ל אכ ה ה י ת ה ד י ם ל כ ל ה מ ל אכ ה. ו מ ל אכ ת ה ה ב א ה ה י ת ה ד י ם ש ל עו ש י ה מ ש כ ן. "ל כ ל ה מ ל אכ ה" ש ל מ ש כ ן, ל ע ש ו ת או ת ה ו ל הו ת יר: ו הו ת ר. כ מו : "ו ה כ ב ד א ת ל ב ו " 11, "ו ה כ ו ת א ת מו א ב" : 12 31 ו א ש ל ים ע מ ה רו ח א מ ן ק ד ם י י ב ח כ מ ת א ב ס כ ל ת נו ו ב מ ד ע ו ב כ ל ע ב יד א: 32 ו ל א ל פ א א מ נ ו ן ל מ ע ב ד ב ד ה ב א ו ב כ ס פ א ו ב נ ח ש א: 33 ו ב א מ נו ת א ב ן ט ב א ל א ש ל מ א ו ב נ ג רו ת א ע א ל מ ע ב ד ב כ ל ע ב יד ת א מ נ ו ן: 34 ו ל א ל פ א י ה ב ך ב ל ב ה הו א ו א ה ל יא ב ב ר א ח יס מ ל ש ב ט א ד ד ן: 35 א ש ל ים ע מ הו ן ח כ ימו ת ל ב א ל מ ע ב ד כ ל ע ב יד ת נ ג ר ו א מ ן ו צ י ר ב ת כ ל א ו ב א ר ג ו נ א ב צ ב ע ז הו ר י ו ב בו צ א ו מ ח י ע ב ד י כ ל ע ב יד א ו מ ל פ י א מ נ ו ן: 36:1 ו י ע ב ד ב צ ל א ל ו א ה ל יא ב ו כ ל ג ב ר ח כ ים ל ב א ד י י ה ב י י ח כ מ ת א ו ס כ ל ת נו ת א ב הו ן ל מ ד ע ל מ ע ב ד י ת כ ל ע ב יד ת פ ל ח ן ק ד ש א ל כ ל ד י פ ק יד י י : 2 ו ק ר א מ ש ה ל ב צ ל א ל ו ל א ה ל יא ב ו ל כ ל ג ב ר ח כ ים ל ב א ד י י ה ב י י ח כ מ ת א ב ל ב ה כ ל ד י א ת ר ע י ל ב ה ל מ ק ר ב ל ע ב יד ת א ל מ ע ב ד י ת ה : 3 ו נ ס יבו מ ן ק ד ם מ ש ה י ת כ ל א פ ר ש ו ת א ד י א י ת יאו ב נ י י ש ר א ל ל ע ב יד ת פ ל ח ן ק ד ש א ל מ ע ב ד י ת ה ו א נ ו ן מ ית ן ל ה עו ד נ ד ב ת א ב צ פ ר ב צ פ ר: 4 ו א תו כ ל ח כ ימ י א ד ע ב ד ין י ת כ ל ע ב יד ת ק ד ש א ג ב ר ג ב ר מ ע ב יד ת ה ד י א נ ו ן ע ב ד ין: 5 ו א מ רו ל מ ש ה ל מ ימ ר מ ס ג ן ע מ א ל א ית א ה מ ס ת פ ל ח נ א ל ע ב יד ת א ד י פ ק יד י י ל מ ע ב ד י ת ה : 6 ו פ ק יד מ ש ה ו א ע ב רו כ רו ז ב מ ש ר ית א ל מ ימ ר ג ב ר ו א ת ת א ל א י ע ב דו ן עו ד ע ב יד ת א ל א פ ר ש ו ת ק ד ש א ו פ ס ק ע מ א מ ל א י ת א ה: 7 ו ע ב יד ת א ה ו ת מ ס ת ל כ ל ע ב יד ת א ל מ ע ב ד י ת ה ו ית ר ת:

Exodus 35:31-36:7 VAYAKHEIL 31 He has endowed him with a Divine spirit, with knowledge, insight, and inspiration, and with the talent for all types of craftsmanship 32 to devise woven designs and to work in gold, silver and copper 33 and with the art of setting gems and carving wood, and all kinds of skilled crafts. 34 He has also given him and Oholiav son of Achisamach, of the tribe of Dan, the ability to teach. 35 He has endowed them with wise-heartedness to work in all the crafts of the carver, the weaver, and the embroiderer, with turquoise, purple, and scarlet wool, and linen in the crafts of every kind of artisan and skilled weaver. These two are to be in charge of the work and shall oversee the artisans and craftsmen. Even though Betzalel is from the royal tribe of Judah, while Oholiav is from the undistinguished tribe of Dan, what matters is their skill, not their lineage. Thus, the Tabernacle belongs no more to the pedigreed or wealthy than it does to the commoner or poor even though the rich were able to contribute much more than their less wealthy compatriots. 52 36:1 Betzalel and Oholiav, together with all the wise-hearted people whom God has endowed with knowledge and insight to know how to do all the work required for the Tabernacle, shall execute everything that God has commanded. 2 Moses then summoned Betzalel and Oholiav and all the wise-hearted people whose hearts God had endowed with knowledge every one whose heart uplifted him to step forward and do the work. 3 From Moses presence, they took the entire contribution that the Israelites had brought on the first day for carrying out the required work for the Tabernacle. The people brought him further contributions the following morning. 4 So all the skilled men who were doing all the work for the Tabernacle came to Moses, each of them from the work that he was doing, 5 and they said to Moses, The people are bringing more than is needed for the work that God has commanded to do. 6 Moses gave orders and they announced throughout the camp as follows: Let no man or woman do any more work for the contribution to the Tabernacle. The people were thus prevented from bringing additional contributions on the second day, because 7 the people s work of contributing the first day sufficed to provide the artisans with all they needed for all the work that had to be done, and there was no need to have a surplus. 53 Moses instructed Betzalel first about fashioning the furnishings and then about fashioning the Tabernacle itself. Betzalel commented, Isn t it better to make the structure first and only then the furnishings that will be placed inside? Moses answered, Yes, and this is indeed how God told me to do it. 54 You have intuited God s intention. 55 52. Likutei Sichot, vol. 31, pp. 211-216. 53. Hitva aduyot 5744, vol. 2, pp. 1147-1148. 54. Above, 31:7-11. 55. Rashi on 38:22, below. 275

ויקהל FOURTH (SECOND) READING ONKELOS רביעי 8 ו י ע ש ו כ ל ח כ ם ל ב ב ע ש י ה מ ל אכ ה א ת ה מ ש כ ן ע ש ר י ר יע ת ש ש מ ש ז ר ות כ ל ת ו א ר ג מ ן ו ת ול ע ת ש נ י כ ר ב ים מ ע ש ה ח ש ב ע ש ה א ת ם: 9 א ר ך ה י ר יע ה ה א ח ת ש מ נ ה ו ע ש ר ים ב א מ ה ו ר ח ב א ר ב ע ב א מ ה ה י ר יע ה ה א ח ת מ ד ה א ח ת ל כ ל ה י ר יע ת: 10 ו י ח ב ר א ת ח מ ש ה י ר יע ת א ח ת א ל א ח ת ו ח מ ש י ר יע ת ח ב ר א ח ת א ל א ח ת: 11 ו י ע ש ל ל א ת ת כ ל ת ע ל ש פ ת ה י ר יע ה ה א ח ת מ ק צ ה ב מ ח ב ר ת כ ן ע ש ה ב ש פ ת ה י ר יע ה ה ק יצ ונ ה ב מ ח ב ר ת ה ש נ ית: 12 ח מ ש ים ל ל א ת ע ש ה ב י ר יע ה ה א ח ת ו ח מ ש ים ל ל א ת ע ש ה ב ק צ ה ה י ר יע ה א ש ר ב מ ח ב ר ת ה ש נ ית מ ק ב י לת ה ל ל א ת א ח ת א ל א ח ת: 13 ו י ע ש ח מ ש ים ק ר ס י ז ה ב ו י ח ב ר א ת ה י ר יע ת א ח ת א ל א ח ת ב ק ר ס ים ו י ה י ה מ ש כ ן א ח ד: פ 14 ו י ע ש י ר יע ת ע ז ים ל א ה ל ע ל ה מ ש כ ן ע ש ת י ע ש ר ה י ר יע ת ע ש ה א ת ם: 15 א ר ך ה י ר יע ה ה א ח ת ש ל ש ים ב א מ ה ו א ר ב ע א מ ות ר ח ב ה י ר יע ה ה א ח ת מ ד ה א ח ת ל ע ש ת י ע ש ר ה י ר יע ת: 16 ו י ח ב ר א ת ח מ ש ה י ר יע ת ל ב ד ו א ת ש ש ה י ר יע ת ל ב ד: 17 ו י ע ש ל ל א ת ח מ ש ים ע ל ש פ ת ה י ר יע ה ה ק יצ נ ה ב מ ח ב ר ת ו ח מ ש ים ל ל א ת ע ש ה ע ל ש פ ת ה י ר יע ה ה ח ב ר ת ה ש נ ית: 18 ו י ע ש ק ר ס י נ ח ש ת ח מ ש ים ל ח ב ר א ת ה א ה ל ל ה י ת א ח ד: 19 ו י ע ש מ כ ס ה ל א ה ל ע ר ת א יל ם מ א ד מ ים ומ כ ס ה ע ר ת ת ח ש ים מ ל מ ע ל ה: ס 8 ו ע ב דו כ ל ח כ ימ י ל ב א ב ע ב ד י ע ב יד ת א י ת מ ש כ נ א ע ש ר י ר יע ן ד בו ץ ש ז יר ו ת כ ל א ו א ר ג ו נ א ו צ ב ע ז הו ר י צו ר ת כ רו ב ין עו ב ד א מ ן ע ב ד י ת הו ן: 9 א ר כ א ד יר יע ת א ח ד א ע ש ר ין ו ת מ נ י א ב א מ ין ו פ ת י א א ר ב ע ב א מ ין ד יר יע ת א ח ד א מ ש ח ת א ח ד א ל כ ל י ר יע ת א: 10 ו ל פ יף י ת ח מ ש י ר יע ן ח ד א ע ם ח ד א ו ח מ ש י ר יע ן ל פ יף ח ד א ע ם ח ד א: 11 ו ע ב ד ע נו ב ין ד ת כ ל א ע ל ס פ ת א ד יר יע ת א ח ד א מ ס ט ר א ב ית לו פ י כ ן ע ב ד ב ס פ ת א ד יר יע ת א ב ס ט ר א ב ית לו פ י ת נ י נ א: 12 ח מ ש ין ע נו ב ין ע ב ד ב יר יע ת א ח ד א ו ח מ ש ין ע נו ב ין ע ב ד ב ס ט ר א ד יר יע ת א ד י ב ב ית לו פ י ת נ י נ א מ כ ו נ ן ע נו ב י א ח ד א ל ק ב ל ח ד א: 13 ו ע ב ד ח מ ש ין פ ו ר פ ין ד ד ה ב ו ל פ יף י ת י ר יע ת א ח ד א ע ם ח ד א ב פו ר פ י א ו ה ו ה מ ש כ נ א ח ד: 14 ו ע ב ד י ר יע ן ד מ ע ז י ל פ ר ס א ע ל מ ש כ נ א ח ד א ע ש ר י י ר יע ן ע ב ד י ת הו ן: 15 א ר כ א ד יר יע ת א ח ד א ת ל ת ין ב א מ ין ו א ר ב ע א מ ין פ ת י א ד יר יע ת א ח ד א מ ש ח ת א ח ד א ל ח ד א ע ש ר י י ר יע ן: 16 ו ל פ יף י ת ח מ ש י ר יע ן ל חו ד ו י ת ש ית י ר יע ן ל חו ד: 17 ו ע ב ד ע נו ב ין ח מ ש ין ע ל ס פ ת א ד יר יע ת א ב ס ט ר א ב ית לו פ י ו ח מ ש ין ע נו ב ין ע ב ד ע ל ס פ ת א ד יר יע ת א ד ב ית לו פ י ת נ י נ א: 18 ו ע ב ד פ ו ר פ ין ד נ ח ש ח מ ש ין ל ל פ פ א י ת מ ש כ נ א ל מ ה ו י ח ד: 19 ו ע ב ד חו פ א ה ל מ ש כ נ א ד מ ש כ י ד ד כ ר י מ ס מ ק י ו חו פ א ה ד מ ש כ י ס ס ג ו נ א מ ל ע ל א: 18 He made fifty copper clasps to couple the goat hair Tent together and make it one. 19 They made a third cover, to act as a roof over the Tent, out of red-dyed ram skins, and a fourth cover, a roof of tachash skins above the roof of ram skins. 276