OL2480 OL2410 OL2420 OL2430 OL2440 OL2450 OL2460 OL2470 Dative of Direction Dative of Agent Dative of Reference Dative Object of Compound Verb Dative Object of Special Verbs Dative of Possession Dative of Purpose Dative Indirect Object AINGER, ARTHUR CAMPBELL. The ETON LATIN GRAMMAR. JOHN MURRAY. 1887 ALLEN and GREENOUGH S NEW LATIN GRAMMAR for Colleges and Schools. GINN & Co. 1903 WEST, ANDREW FLEMMING. A LATIN GRAMMAR for Schools. D. APPLETON & CO. 1902 BASIL L. GILDERSLEEVE, GONZALEZ LODGE. A LATIN GRAMMAR: School Edition. UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 1898
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 2 REV BA GREGG. A Vade Mecum etext. 2015. OL2480 Dative of Direction In poetry, the Dative of Direction is used to indicate motion towards in poetry; where, in prose, we would expect the ad + ACC limit phrase. Like the Indirect Object is the Dative used in poetry to express the Direction of Motion: it clamor caelo the shout goes up to heaven. inferret deōs Latiō he bears the gods to Latium OL2410 Dative of Agent sibi faciendum esse. It must be done by him. The Dative of Agent, denoting the person acting, is used with the Gerundive (Future-Participle Passive) and compound tenses of the Passive Voice: ratio nobis reddenda est, we must give an account (as for, us our account must be given). mihi consilium captum est, my plan is formed (as for me, my plan is formed). The Dative of Agent is used with the Gerundive to denote the person on whom the necessity rests: haec vobis provincia est defendenda ( Manil. 14), this province is for you to defend (to be defended by you) mihi est pugnandum, I have to fight (i.e. the need of fighting is to me)
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 3 OL2420 nostris gravissimus Dative of Reference most grievous for our men The Dative is used of the person in whose honor, or interest, or advantage, or for whose pleasure, an action takes place, or the reverse. This was once called the Dative of Interest, Dativus Commodi Dative of Advantage, and Dativus Incommodi Dative of Disadvantage : Consurrxisse omnes [Lysandro] dicuntur, C., Cat. M., 18, 63 ; all are said to have risen up together in honor of Lysander. [Deo] nostra altaria fumant, V., Ec., i. 43 ; our altars smoke in honor of the god. Si quid peccat mihi peccat, Ter., Ad., 115 ; if he commits a fault, it is at my cost. Dative of Reference, denoting the object interested or referred to: militibus spem minuit, as for the soldiers, it lessened their hopes. non scholae sed vitae discimus, we are learning, not for school, but for life erit ille mihi semper deus, to me (in my eyes) he will ever a god. The Dative of Reference often depends, not particular word, but on the general meaning of the sentence. The Dative in this construction is often called the Dative of Advantage or Disadvantage, as denoting the person or thing for whose benefit or to whose prejudice the action is performed. tibi aras (Plaut. Merc. 71), you plough for yourself tuas res tibi habeto (Plaut. Trin. 266), keep your goods to yourself (formula of divorce). laudavit mihi fratrem, he praised my brother (out of regard for me; laudavit fratrem meum would imply no such motive). meritos mactavit honores, taurum Neptuao, tuarum tibi, pulcher Apollo (Aen. iii. 118), he offered the sacrifices due, a bull to Neptune, a bull to thee, beautiful Apollo.
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 4 NOTE. -- In the construction the meaning of the sentence is complete without the Dative, which is no, as in the preceding construction, closely connected with any single word. The Dative of Reference is used with adjective (and a few Adverbs) of fitness ( idoneus, aptus, utillis, inutillis ), nearness ( proprius, finitimus, propinquus, vicinus ), likeness ( par, dispar, similis, dissimilis ), service ( opportunus, invisus ), inclination ( amicus, inimicus, iucundus, infestus, gratus, molestus ), and their opposites : Canis similis lupo est, C., N.D., i. 35, 97 ; the dog is like unto the wolf. Castris idoneus locus, Caes., B.G., vi. io, 2 ; a place suitable for a camp. Utile eat rei publicae nobiles esse dignos maioribus suis, C., Sest., 9, 21 ; it is to the advantage of the state that men of rank should be worthy of their ancestors. Vir mihi amicissimus, Q. Fabricius, C., Sest., 35, 75 ; my very great friend, Q. Fabricius. Proxumus sum egomet mihi, Ter., And., 636 ; myself am nearest to me. REMARKS. -- I. Many adjective which belong to this class are used also as substantives, and as such are construed with the Genitive : animus, friend ; affinis, connection ; aequalis, contemporary ; alienus, (rare), foreign, strange ; cognatus, kinsman ; communis, common ; contrarius, opposite ; par, match ; proprius, peculiaris, own, peculiar ; similis, like ( we ne er shall look upon his like again ), especially of god and men, and regularly with personal pronouns, and in early Latin ; sacer, set apart, sacred ; superstes (rare) survivor. Comparatives have regularly the Dative ; Superlative vary.
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 5 OL2430 Dative Object of Compound Verb Druidibus praeest. He is over the Druids The Dative serves as an Object phrase with certain compound verbs. With many verb compounded with: ad, ante, con, in, inter, ob, post, prae, pro, sub, and super. adfuit his pudnis, he was present at these battles. parva magnis conferre, to compare small (things) with great. ponto nox incubat atra, black night roods on the deep Many verbs of taking away and like that the Dative (especially of a person ) instead of the Ablative of Separation. Such are compounds of ab, de, ex, and a few of ad : --- sureum ei detraxit amiculum (N, D. iii. 83), he took from him his of gold hunc mihi terrorem cripe (Cat. i. 18), take from me this terror vitam aduloaceatibus (Cat. M. 71), violence deprives young men of life nihil enim tibi detraxit senatus (Fam. i. 5 B ), for the senate has taken nothing from you nec mihi hune errorem volo ( Cat. M. 85), nor do I wish this error wasted from me
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 6 OL2440 Dative Object of Special Verbs ei placet It pleases him The Dative Object of Special Verbs works with many intransitive verbs meaning faveõ favor, placeõ please, credõ trust, studeõ be eager for, Assist ( and their opposites), imperiõ command, pareõ obey, serviõ serve, resistõ resist, noceõ threaten, ignoscõ pardon, parcõ spare, persuadeõ persuade; and the like: quam vidi, mihi placent, he harms the good who spares the bad. crede mihi, believe me! sic mihi persuasi, so I have persuade myself In the Passive such verbs are used impersonally only, and retain the Dative : mihi persuadetur, I am being persuaded (it is persuaded to me) nulli parcitur, none is spared (it is spared to no one) OL2450 Dative of Possession quae dominis sunt which are to masters The Dative of Possession is used with the verb esse in all its forms. Here est mihi means I have. est mihi liber, i have a book. sunt tibi libri, you have books With nomen est the name may be Nominative or Dative: fons cui nomen Arethusa est, a fount whose name is Arethusa. nomen Arcturo est mihi, my name is Arcturus
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 7 OL2460 Dative of Purpose Consul pecuniam praemio donavit. The consul donated money for a reward. The Dative of Purpose, denoting what a thing is meant to be: colloquio diem dicunt, they name a day for the interview receptui canere, to sound (for) a retreat. Adjective meaning Useful or Suitable are used with a Dative which is like the Dative of Purpose: castris locus idoneus, a place fit for a camp cui bono est? to whom is it (any) good? hoc mihi nemo vitio ducat, may no one count this against me as a fault The Dative is used to denote the Purpose or End, often with another Dative of the person or thing affected. This use of the dative, once apparently general, remains in only a few constructions, as follows. The dative of an abstract noun is used to show that for which a thing serve or which it accomplishes, often with another dative of the person or thing affected: rei publicae cladi sunt ( Iug. 85. 43.), they are ruin to the state ( they are for a disaster to the state). magno usui nostris fuit ( B. G. iv. 25), it was of great service to our men (to our men for great use). tertiam aciem nostris subeidio misit (id. i. 52), he sent the third line as a relief to our men. suis saluti fuit (id. vii. 50), he was the salvation of his men evenit facile quod dis cordi esset (Liv. i. 39), that came to pass quickly which was desired by the gods (was for a pleasure [lit. heart] to the gods).
AP Olde Timey Latin Grammar FireStar 8 NOTE This construction is often called the Dative of Service, or the Double Dative construction. The verb is usually is sum. The noun expressing the end for which is regularly abstract and singular in number and is never modified by an adjective, except one of degree ( mignus, minor, etc.), or by a Genitive. Seven common nouns frequently serve as a Dative of Purpose: curae for a concern, auxilio for a help, impedimento for an obstacle, praemio for a reward, praesidio for a guard, subsidio for a support, usui for a use. Often the Dative of Purpose is used with the state-of-being verb, and seems almost to replace a Predicate Nominative (equational phrase). Sometimes, transitive verbs can be accompanied by the Dative of Purpose. Milites erant praesidio. The soldiers were for a garrison. Caesar legionem in Gallia praesidio reliquit. Caesar left a legion in Gaul as (for) a garrison. The Dative of Purpose is a short cut for a purpose clause; you will, however, still see many purpose clauses. OL2470 Dative Indirect Object ei filiam dat He gives his daughter to him The Dative is the case of the Indirect Object, and always involves a Direct Object, which may be contained in the verb and object. Nemo errat uni sibi, Sen., E.M., 94, 54 ; no one erres ( makes mistakes ) to ( for ) himself alone. Non omnibus dormio, C., Fam., vii. 24, 1 ; it is not for everybody that I am asleep. Tibi exercitum patria pro se dedit, C., Ph., xiii 6, 14 ; your country gave you an army for its own defence.