Chapter 11: Cultural Contributions 775 B.C.-338 B.C.
Religious Practices Each city-state worshiped its own gods Oracles- Greek priests and priestesses who were believed to speak with the gods Greeks went to oracles for a prophecy- a statement of what may happen in the future
Gods and Goddesses of Mt. Olympus Golden Age: 12 Gods and Goddesses Greeks believed in worth of the individual Built temples in honor of gods Inside the temple Statue of the god Altar in front of statue Greeks did not enter Worshiped outside temple, sign of respect
Gods Goddess Zeus Apollo Ares Dionysus Hephaestus Hermes Poseidon Hera Artemis Aphrodite Athena Demeter
Zeus Hera Ruler of Mount Olympus King of the Gods God of the weather Protectress of marriage, children, and the home Wife of Zeus
Apollo God of the sun Patron of truth, archery music, medicine, and prophecy Ares God of war
Artemis Goddess of the moon Guardian of women Twin sister of Apollo Athena Goddess of wisdom Daughter of Zeus
Demeter Dionysus God of fertility, joyful life and hospitality Goddess of crops Giver of grain and fruit
Hephaestus Aphrodite God of fire and artisans Husband of Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty
Hermes Poseidon God of orators, writers Protector of thieves God of the sea and earthquakes
The Ancient Olympics 776 BC -393 AD
Held every four years Held in Olympia to honor Zeus Olympia was not a town but a complex Stopped wars to participate in Olympics
Olympic Participants Came from Greece and Greek colonies Individual men competed Women were not allowed to watch
Olympic Events Chariot Race: occurred in the Hippodrome- an oval tack with grandstands around it
Boxing Pancratium: boxing-wrestling combination Pentathlon: five events- running, jumping, discus, javelin, wrestling
Olympic winners were heroes PERKS: Parades, stories, free meals Herodotus- Father of History Olympiads- Four-year periods between events 776 BC, the first Olympics, marks the first recorded date in Greek History
The Theater Grew out of festivals given in honor of Dionysus Soliloquy- talk in which personal thoughts and feelings are expressed to the audience Aeschylus created the first play
Types of Plays Soliloquy- A talk in which personal thoughts and feelings are expressed to the audience Tragedy- stories about suffering Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides Comedy- play with a happy ending
Plays were only performed at festivals Men performed, women could only watch Each actor had a mask and canvas Everyone was admitted Wealthy citizens were assigned plays to perform by polis official
Section 2: Greek Contribution of Science
Philosophia- The love of wisdom Placed great importance on intellect- the ability to learn and reason
Socrates (469-399 BC) People discovered truth by searching Taught people to think using questions known as Wealth does not bring goodness, but goodness brings wealth and every blessing
Accused of corrupting youth, denying gods, and trying to overthrow the government Found guilty by jury of 500 citizens Drank poisonous hemlock juice Athenians regretted decision and built a bronze statue in his honor
Plato (429-347 BC) Recorded speeches by Socrates before his death Set up school in grove named after Academus The Academy lasted 900 years Wrote first ever book on political science, the study of government, called The Republic
Aristotle (384-322 BC) Pupil of Plato Called Master of them that know First to classify animals and plants; used today Added third step to scientific method, Stated that a hypothesis, a possible outcome, must be tested Used logic, the science of reasoning to develop the syllogism,
Syllogism Socrates is an Athenian Athenians are Greeks Therefore, Socrates is Greek
Discoveries and Inventions Natural events are not caused by the way the gods behaved Thales of Miletus created first two steps of scientific method and predicted a solar eclipse
Hippocrates (460-377 BC): Father of Scientific Medicine Traveled Greece diagnosing illnesses and curing people Hippocratic Oath- Doctors are to honor their teachers, never give poisons, do their best for the sick, and keep their secrets