Early Modern History: Society and Culture General Editors: Rab Houston, Professor of Early Modern History, University of St Andrews, Scotland and Edward Muir, Professor of History, Northwestern University, Illinois This series encompasses all aspects of early modern international history from 1400 to c.1800. The editors seek fresh and adventurous monographs, especially those with a comparative and theoretical approach, from both new and established scholars. Titles include: Guido Alfani CALAMITIES AND ECONOMY IN RENAISSANCE ITALY The Grand Tour of the Horsemen of the Apocalypse Robert C. Davis CHRISTIAN SLAVES, MUSLIM MASTERS White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500 1800 Rudolf Dekker CHILDHOOD, MEMORY AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY IN HOLLAND From the Golden Age to Romanticism Caroline Dodds Pennock BONDS OF BLOOD Gender, Lifecycle and Sacrifice in Aztec Culture Steve Hindle THE STATE AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND, 1550 1640 Katharine Hodgkin MADNESS IN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY AUTOBIOGRAPHY Craig M. Koslofsky THE REFORMATION OF THE DEAD Death and Ritual in Early Modern Germany, 1450 1700 Beat Kümin DRINKING MATTERS Public Houses and Social Exchange in Early Modern Central Europe John Jeffries Martin MYTHS OF RENAISSANCE INDIVIDUALISM A. Lynn Martin ALCOHOL, SEX AND GENDER IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE Peter Mazur THE NEW CHRISTIANS OF SPANISH NAPLES 1528 1671 A Fragile Elite Laura J. McGough GENDER, SEXUALITY AND SYPHILIS IN EARLY MODERN VENICE The Disease that Came to Stay Samantha A. Meigs THE REFORMATIONS IN IRELAND Tradition and Confessionalism, 1400 1690 Craig Muldrew THE ECONOMY OF OBLIGATION The Culture of Credit and Social Relations in Early Modern England
Niall Ó Ciosáin PRINT AND POPULAR CULTURE IN IRELAND, 1750 1850 H. Eric R. Olsen THE CALABRIAN CHARLATAN, 1598 1603 Messianic Nationalism in Early Modern Europe Thomas Max Safley MATHEUS MILLER S MEMOIR A Merchant s Life in the Seventeenth Century Clodagh Tait DEATH, BURIAL AND COMMEMORATION IN IRELAND, 1550 1650 B. Ann Tlusty THE MARTIAL ETHIC IN EARLY MODERN GERMANY Civic Duty and the Right of Arms Richard W. Unger SHIPS ON MAPS Pictures of Power in Renaissance Europe Johan Verberckmoes LAUGHTER, JESTBOOKS AND SOCIETY IN THE SPANISH NETHERLANDS Claire Walker GENDER AND POLITICS IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE English Convents in France and the Low Countries Johannes. C. Wolfart RELIGION, GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL CULTURE IN EARLY MODERN GERMANY Lindau, 1520 1628 Melinda Zook PROTESTANTISM, POLITICS, AND WOMEN IN BRITAIN, 1660 1714 Forhcoming titles: Caroline Dodds LIVING WITH SACRIFICE Early Modern History: Society and Culture Series Standing Order ISBN 978 0 333 71194 1 (Hardback) 978 0 333 880320 2 (Paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
The New Christians of Spanish Naples 1528 1671 A Fragile Elite Peter A. Mazur Research Fellow, University of York
Peter Mazur 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-29514-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-45175-3 ISBN 978-1-137-29515-6 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9781137295156 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
Contents Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations vi vii Introduction 1 1 From Jews to New Christians: Religious Minorities in the Making of Spanish Naples 11 2 Conversos in Counter-Reformation Italy 34 3 El de los Catalanes : The First Campaign against the New Christians, 1569 1582 60 4 The Rise of the Portuguese Merchant-Bankers, 1580 1648 81 5 The Inquisition against the Vaaz 100 Conclusion 119 Appendix: Documents from the 1569 1581 Campaign 121 Notes 161 Select Bibliography 181 Index 193 v
Acknowledgements During the research and writing of this book, I have accumulated a number of debts, both personal and professional. Above all I would like to thank my parents, Steve and Barbara Mazur, who encouraged my interest in history and followed my progress enthusiastically, and my beloved wife, Eva Del Soldato, whose constant encouragement and vast knowledge of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Italian history were essential to its completion. In Naples, Giovanni Romeo educated me in the complexities of archival research and shared with me the knowledge of the Counter- Reformation Church and the history of southern Italy that he has accumulated over decades of research. The staff of the Archivio Diocesano, don Antonio Illibato and Carmela Salamone, graciously allowed me as much access as possible to a group of documents that had been heavily damaged over time. In Rome, at the ACDF, Daniel Ponziani and Fabrizio De Sibi provided unfailingly courteous assistance in an archive that was always crowded, and sometimes difficult to get into! During a year spent at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, Adriano Prosperi and his students, Stefania Pastore, Vincenzo Lavenia, Giuseppe Marcocci, and Marco Cavarzere welcomed me into their seminar, provided valuable suggestions and allowed me to test my ideas against a group of some of the most informed and acute historians of early modern religion. I would also like to thank the American Academy in Rome, and its former director, Carmela Vircillo Franklin, for the two years of fellowship in Rome and Pisa that it awarded me; without that support this work would not have been possible. In Evanston, Edward Muir and Bill Monter guided me through the long process of the Ph.D. and provided much intelligent commentary on the thesis and the manuscript of the book. I was lucky to find such humane and experienced mentors as I learned the historian s craft and completed this project. I also thank my colleagues at York, Abigail Shinn, Helen Smith, and Simon Ditchfield, for their encouragement and interest in my work. Last but not least, I wish to thank Jenny McCall and Clare Mence at Palgrave and the anonymous readers of the manuscript, who provided many insights and useful suggestions which I incorporated into the final version of the book. vi
List of Abbreviations ACDF AGOP AGS AHN ANTT ARSI ASDN ASF ASV ASVe BNN BNR Archivio della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede, Vatican City Archivum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum, Rome Archivo General de Simancas, Simancas Archivo Histórico Nacional, Madrid Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu, Rome Archivio Storico Diocesano di Napoli, Naples Archivio di Stato, Florence Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City Archivio di Stato, Venice Biblioteca Nazionale, Naples Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome vii