Year 10 Exam March 2018 Origins and Meaning Content Revised Revised Tested What do the Genesis stories teach about the creation of the world? What do the Genesis stories teach about God? What do the Genesis stories teach about humans? What do the Genesis stories teach about the environment? How do Catholics, other Christians and Jews interpret the Genesis creation stories? What does St Augustine say about creation? What does Michelangelo s Creation of Adam show about creation? What is the symbolism in the Tree of Life mosaic? How does the Big Bang explain the creation of the world? How do Catholics, other Christians and Jews respond to the Big Bang? How does evolution explain the creation of humans? How do Catholics, other Christians and Jews respond to evolution? What are the beliefs of Richard Dawkins and how does the Catholic Church respond to these? How is the Bible structured? What are the similarities and differences between the Christian Bible and the Jewish Torah? Judaism Content Revised Revised Tested Beliefs and teachings What is the difference between Orthodox and Reform Jews? What do Jews believe about God? (one, creator, lawgiver, judge) What do Jews believe about Shekinah? What do Orthodox and Reform Jews believe about the Messiah? What is a covenant? What were the covenants between God and Abraham? What was the covenant between God and Moses? Why are the 10 Commandments so important for Jews? What do Jews believe about the sanctity of life? What is Pikuach Nefesh? Why are the 613 mitzvot important? What do Jews believe about free will? What do Jews believe about the afterlife? Practices What are the similarities and differences between Orthodox and Reform synagogue services? How do Jews worship in the home? How do Jews celebrate Shabbat? What do Jews wear for worship? What are the features of the synagogue? You need to revise the key content. Use the key words and key facts to help you. Remember for Origins and Meaning all explain questions will be comparisons. Use the comparison table to help you to revise for this.
Subject: RE Topic: Origins and Meaning Keyword Creation ex nihilo Syllables (Helps you to say it) Cre/a/tion ex ni/hi/lo Definition (What it means) Creation out of nothing. Before God created the universe, nothing existed. Only God can create out of nothing. Evolution Ev/o/lu/tion The process of mutation and natural selection which leads to changes in species over time to suit particular environments. Imago Dei I/ma/go Dei In the image of God. The belief that human beings are uniquely a reflection of God s personhood. Unlike the other animals, human beings are rational, free and moral. Inspiration In/spi/ra/tion God breathed The belief that the Spirit of God guides an individual to act or write what is good and true. Picture Clue Omnipotence Om/nip/po/tence The belief that God is all powerful. Revelation Rev/e/la/tion The word used to describe all of the ways in which God makes himself known to human beings. Christians believe that God does this finally and fully in the person of Jesus Christ. Stewardship Ste/ward/ship The duty to care for creation responsibly, as stewards rather than consumers, and to protect it for future generations. Transcendence Tran/scen/dence Existing outside of space and time; God exists in a way that makes him nothing like anything else that exists, above and beyond creation.
Origins and Meaning Creation 10 Key Facts 1. Christians believe God created the world and everything in it out of nothing (creation ex nihilo). 2. Catholic Christians interpret Genesis as a story with a meaning and look for the deeper meaning in Genesis (theological truths). Fundamentalist Christians interpret Genesis literally. They believe God created the world in 6 24 hour days. Jews either interpret Genesis literally (Orthodox Jews) or as a story with a deeper meaning (Reform Jews). 3. The Big Bang is a scientific theory of creation. Catholics believe that God caused the Big Bang. Fundamentalist Christians do not believe in the Big Bang as it is not mentioned in Genesis. Some Jews believe the Big Bang did not happen as it is not in Genesis (Orthodox Jews) while others think God caused the Big Bang (Reform Jews). 4. Evolution is a scientific theory about the existence of humans. Catholics believe God is the driving force behind evolution. Fundamentalist Christians do not believe in evolution as it is not mentioned in Genesis. Some Jews do not believe in evolution as it is not mentioned in Genesis (Orthodox Jews), while others think God is the driving force behind evolution (Reform Jews). 5. Richard Dawkins believes that evolution is a better explanation than Genesis for the existence of humans. He believes humans were just a lucky genetic mutation. The Catholic Church disagrees with this as God created humans in his image for a purpose. 6. St Augustine said that God created the world out of nothing in his book Confessions. 7. Michelangelo created the painting the Creation of Adam which shows the moment God created Adam as described in Genesis 2. 8. Michelangelo s Creation of Adam shows that God gave life to humans and that humans are made in the image of God. 9. The Tree of Life is a mosaic that contains symbolism in it. The main symbolism is Jesus on the cross in the centre of the mosaic. 10. The Tree of Life also has the symbols the alpha and omega. These tell us that Jesus is the beginning and end, so he was there with the Father at the moment of creation. The tree at the bottom of the cross reminds us of the tree of knowledge of good and evil in Genesis and that it is through Jesus that we can all be saved.
Knowledge and understanding Catholics believe that the Bible is part of God s revelation. It reveals things about the nature of God. The Catholic Church teaches that the authors of the Bible were inspired and gained truthful insights about God but that not everything they wrote was historically or literally accurate. The writers of the Bible had a limited understanding of science e.g creation in Genesis. The Catholic Church teaches that in order to fully understand what God wanted to reveal to humanity, readers should consider the context in which it was written. They must consider the literary forms used e.g. A poem is very different from a piece of historical writing. Genesis can be considered as myths; stories that, whilst not being true, contain great truths. Catholics will look for theological truths in the Bible and read the Bible prayerfully. Sources of wisdom and authority: The Church teaches In order to discover the sacred authors intention, the reader must take into account the conditions of their time and culture, the literary genres in use at the time, and the modes of feeling, speaking and narrating then current. The Catechism of the Catholic Church also teaches Catholics to read scripture prayerfully. Catholic, Other Christian and Jewish beliefs about Scripture Catholics Other Christians Jews Knowledge and understanding They believe that God inspired the biblical writers, so the Bible does not contain any errors. It is just as accurate in today s world as it was when it was written. They take everything in the Bible as literally true. They see no conflict between the Bible and the modern world as the Bible is completely accurate and without error. Fundamentalist Christians read the Bible literally and reject anything that is not in the Bible. For example, they do not believe in the Big Bang nor evolution as they are not mentioned in Genesis. Sources of wisdom and authority: Fundamentalists read Genesis literally believing that God created the world in 6 24 hour days. Knowledge and understanding: The Torah is the first five books of the Tenakh (Torah, Nevi im and Ketuvim) and is believed to be the holiest and most authoritative scripture for Jews. Moses is believed to have received the Torah from God on Mount Sinai Reform Jews believe that scripture does not need to be followed literally. They believe that the Torah needs to be interpreted for modern day society. Orthodox Jews believe the Torah was given to Moses by God and therefore must be obeyed. They read the Torah literally and follow the 613 mitzvot. Reform Jews do not follow the mitzvot literally, for example, they will keep the Sabbath but not as strictly as Orthodox Jews. Orthodox Jews keep the mitzvot, for example, they will do no work on the Sabbath.
Catholic Christian, Other Christian and Jewish beliefs about Genesis Catholics Other Christians Jews Knowledge and understanding Fundamentalists believe that the Genesis is an actual account of how God created the world. The Genesis account of Creation takes place in 6 actual 24 hour periods. The Bible explains that the world was created only 6000 years ago. Saying the world is billions of years old undermines God. Fundamentalists, like Catholics, believe that God created the world ex nihilo, that everything God created was good and that humans were made Imago Dei. Knowledge and understanding Catholics believe that the origins of the universe come from the book of Genesis in the Old Testament. The Catholic Church says that Genesis is not a literal account of creation and that we need to look to science to help us to understand how God created the world. Catholics believe that Genesis tells us that God created the world (theological truths) and science tells us how (scientific truths). Therefore, Catholics look for the deeper meaning in Genesis. The theological truths in Genesis are that: God created the universe Ex Nihilo,God created everything that exists, God created humans Imago Dei and everything God created was good. Sources of wisdom and authority: In Genesis 1 at the end of each day God look at everything he had created and saw it was good. This shows that everything God created was good. In Genesis 1 God said Let us make mankind in our image. This shows that God created humans Imago Dei. In Genesis 2 God breathed life-giving breath into man. This shows that God created humans Imago Dei. Catholics are NOT fundamentalists and DO NOT interpret Genesis literally. Fundamentalists believe Genesis is a literal account of creation. Therefore, they believe that scientific theories such as the Big Bang and evolution are not true as they are not mentioned in Genesis. There are no scientific facts that support the theory of millions of years Knowledge and understanding: Reform Jews believe the Torah does not need to be read literally. This means that Genesis is not a literal account of creation. There is no problem believing in the scientific accounts of creation. The Torah needs to be adapted of modern life. This means that although the Sabbath is still kept holy. Reform Jews are not as strict as Orthodox Jews and will do somethings like driving a car and using the oven Knowledge and understanding: God gave the Torah to Moses and so it is literally what God said. This means the Torah is the actual word of God. Genesis is literally true. God created the world in 6 24 hour days. Because God rested on day 7 and made the Sabbath holy, Orthodox Jews do not do any work on the Sabbath. It also says in the 10 Commandments to keep the Sabbath holy and Orthodox Jews think they should follow all of the mitzvot (commandments) literally. Sources of wisdom and authority: The 10 Commandments say to keep the Sabbath day holy. At the end of Genesis 1 it says God rested.
Subject: RE Topic: Judaism Keyword Syllables (Helps you to say it) Definition (What it means) Covenant Cov/e/nant A promise or agreement between two parties. Covenants were made between God with Noah, Abraham and Moses. Picture Clue Kosher Ko/sher (fit or proper) Foods that are permitted to be eaten according to Leviticus Chapter 11. It is also used to refer to the purity of ritual objects such as Torah scrolls. Messiah Me/ssi/ah The anointed one who Jews believe will bring in a new era or age for humankind. This will include rebuilding the Temple and bringing in an age and universal peace. Mitzvoth Mit/z/voth The term has a mix of meanings. It is often used to refer to duties (such as the 613 in the Torah) and good deeds. Shabbat Sha/bbat Day of spiritual renewal and rest. Beginning at sunset on Friday and closing a nightfall on Saturday. Shekinah She/ki/nah The place where God s presence rests and can be felt. Synagogue Syn/a/gogue House of assembly; building for Jewish public prayer, study and assembly. Torah Tor/ah The five books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy). Regarded as the holiest books in the Tenakh.
Judaism Beliefs and Teachings 20 Key Facts 1. Jews believe in one God. 2. God created the world and everything in it. 3. God gave humans laws (mitzvot) to help them to be good people. 4. God judges Jews on how they have lived their lives. 5. Jews believe God is present in the world today (Shekinah). 6. Jews believe all life is sacred because life was created by God (sanctity of life). 7. The most important mitzvot is to save a life (Pikuach Nefesh). 8. Jews believe that they should follow the moral principles to heal the word, be kind to others and seek justice. 9. But they also believe God has given them free will to choose whether to follow the mitzvot or not. 10. Jews believe that Abraham is the father of their faith. He left everything and followed God. God gave him the promised land (modern day Israel), blessed him and cursed anyone who cursed him and gave him as many descendants as there are stars in the sky. God told Abraham Jewish boys must be circumcised. 11. God promised Abraham he would always look after his people. So he saved the Jews from slavery in Egypt. 12. God chose Moses to be his prophet and using the staff given by God, 10 plagues were sent to the Egyptians. 13. God sent the angel of death (the 10 th plague) to kill the first born sons of the Egyptians. The Jews painted lambs blood on their doors so the angel of death would passover them this was The First Passover. 14. When the Jews were doubting God in the desert he gave them the 10 Commandments. 15. Jews today believe the covenants with Abraham and Moses still stand today. 16. Jews believe God will judge them when they die and on Rosh Hashanah on how they have followed the mitzvot. 17. Jews don t have a specific teaching about what happens after death. But most Jews believe in Gan Eden (heaven) and hell. 18. Some Jews believe God will send the Messiah to bring an age of peace. 19. Other Jews believe there will be a Messianic Age where peace will exist all over the world. 20. Today there are two main types of Jews: Orthodox Jews who follow the mitzvot and other teachings literally and Reform Jews who believe the mitzvot and teachings need to be interpreted for society today.
Judaism Practices 10 Key Facts 1. Shabbat is on Friday night until dusk on Saturday. Orthodox and Reform Jews will go to the synagogue for a service on Shabbat. The service will be longer for Orthodox Jews than Reform Jews. 2. Jews keep Shabbat because God rested on day 7 after he created the world and in the 10 Commandments it says to remember the Sabbath and to keep it holy. 3. Jews celebrate Shabbat at home with a mean on a Friday evening. The woman of the family will light two candles to bring the presence of Shabbat into the home. They will bless two loaves of braided bread called challah and recite the Kiddush prayer over a cup of wine. 4. Jews can worship at home. They will pray at home and have a mezuzah on the front doorpost of their house and on each of the doorposts inside. Inside the mezuzah is the Shema prayer which reminds them that there is only one God. 5. Jews use the siddur (a Jewish prayer book) to guide them through their daily prayers at home. 6. Jews will wear a kippah, tallit and teffilin when worshipping. They were these to show respect to God and to follow the mitzvot in the Torah. 7. The synagogue has many different functions: a house of prayer, a house of study and a social hall for religious and non-religious activities. 8. Inside the synagogue there is the : aron hakodesh (the ark) where the Torah scrolls are placed, the Torah scrolls, the ner tamid (the eternal lamp) and the bimah (a central platform. 9. In Orthodox synagogues men and women sit separately but in a Reform synagogue they sit together. 10. Prayer is an important part of Jewish worship and happens as part of Jewish everyday life. The Amidah is an important prayer where Jews will stand for 18 blessings to praise God, request things from God and give thanks to God.