Time:.. PHILOSOPHY (HONOURS) PART-I INDIAN PHILOSOPHY Full Marks Question No. 1 is compulsory. Answer 5 questions taping at least 1 from each unit. Short Questions (5 marks each) 1) State the main tenets of Carvaka Ethics. 2) Do you think that anekantavada and syadvada are related? Discuss. 3) Explain the meanings of the words Sat and Ksanika in Buddhist philosophy. 4) What is meant by Jnanalaksana Sarrikarsa? 5) Define dravya after the vaisesika philosophy. What are the different kinds of it. 6) What are the twenty five evolutes started in the Samkhya philosophy? 7) What is meant by cittavrtti in yoga philosophy? How many kinds of cittavrtti are there and what are they? 8) Why do the Mimamsakas accept Arthapatti as a separate pramana? 9) What, according to the Buddha, are the eight fold path? Mention these paths. 10) Determine the meaning of the terms sat asat and mithya after the Advaitins. 11) Distinguish between astika and nastika school of Indian philosophy and mention the names of these schools. 12) Is Jaina syadvada a kind of xxx pticism? Discuss. 13) What is kevala-vyatireki anumana? Give an example. 14) How many types of jatibadhakas are there? What are these? Is akasatva a jati? If not why? 15) What is the basic tenet of visistadvaitavada? 2. (i) Explain Carvaka dehatmavada. (ii) Why is it called lehuttacai tanyavada. (iii) Is this view tenable? Give reasons. (6+4+6) 3. (a) Explain the Jaina view regarding the nature of Guna and Paryaya. (b) How are guna and paryaya related to dravya? (8+8) 4. (a) On what grounds do the Vijnan vadins deny the existence of external objects? (b) How do the opponents of the vijnanavadins refuel these arguments? (10+6) 1
5. (a) What is meant by the terms indriya, artha and sannikarsa in the Nyaya definition of Perception? (3) (b) Explain with illustrations the different types of laukika sannikarsa after the Nyaya. (10) (c) Mention the names of alaukika sannikarsa. (3) 6. (a) What is padartha? How many padatthas are admitted by the vaisesi kas and what are these? (2+2) (b) Explain the nature of Samavaya after the Vaisesikas school. (6) (c) Distinguish between samavaya and samyoga. (3) (d) How, according to the vaisesi kas, is samavaya known? (3) I 7. (a) What, according to samkhya philosophy is the nature of purusa? (b) How is the existence of Purusa established in samkhya philosophy? (c) What are arguments offered by the samkhya philosophy to explain the plurality of Purusa? (4+6+6) 8. (a) What is samadhi in yoga philosophy? (b) Explain the different kinds of Samadhi after yoga philosophy? (c) Live an account of the different yogangas necessary for the attain ment of Samadhi. (2+6+8) 9. (a) What is arthapatti? (b) What are its different types? What are these? (c) Why do the Mimamsakas admit artha patti as a distinct pramana? (4+4+8) 10. (a) Explain the nature of Brahman according to Samkaracarya. (b) Distinguish in this context, between Saguna and Nirguna Brahman. (10+6) 11. (a) What is the name of Ramanuja s philosophy? (b) What according to Ramanuja, is the nature of Brahman? (c) Discuss after Ramanuja, the relation between Brahman on the one hand and jiva and jivat on the other. (2+6+8) 12. (a) What according to Samkara, is the nature of Maya? (b) How is Maya related to Brahman and Jagat (World)? Discuss. (8+8) 13. Jiva is Brahman, none else Explain clearly the meaning of given statement after Samkaracarya. (16) 2
14. Explain Mayabad after Ramanuja. (16) PSYCHOLOGY & SOCIAL & POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY Short Questions (5 marks each) 1. (i) What is the local sign or character of a sensation? (ii) What is meant by a factor of intelligence? (iii) What is conditioned reflex? (iv) Distinguish between a punisher and a negative reinforce following Skinner. (v) What is meant by the preconscious level of the mind? (vi) What is the characteristic feature of social relation? (vii) Mention in brief the distinction between custom and institution. (viii) What is meant by social status? (ix) Differentiate between varnas rama dharma and sadharanadharma. (x) What are the main characteristics of representative democracy? (xi) What is the difference between the independent variable and dependent variable as used in experimental method? (xii) How do the reinforcing factors help in the organization of the sense field? (xiii) What are the primary laws of learning as formulated by Thorndike? Answer in brief. (xiv) What is meant by dream work? (xv) Are all communities self sufficient? Discuss. HALF-I (PSYCHOLOGY) 2. What is scientific introspection? Discuss its advantages and disadvantages with reference to the behaviourists reaction to it as a method of psychology. (6+10) 3. Explain Skinner s theory of Operant Conditioning. Discuss in this Condition the role played by rein forcers. (8+8) 4. What is experimental method? How is it applied in Psychology? In this connection discuss the role played by Control in experimental method. (4+8+4) 5. Discuss the gestalt view of perception? (16) 6. Critically explain the view that mental states are identical with certain physical states of the brain. (16) 7. Is mind coextensive with consciousness? Give reasons for your answer. What are the proofs adduced by Freud for the existence of the unconscious? (6+10) 3
8. Describe the Binet-Simon test of intelligence. What are its disadvantages? How did Jerman-Merrill improve upon this scale? (8+3+5) HALF-II (SOCIAL & POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY) I 9. What is the subject molar of social philosophy? Discuss its relation with Political Philosophy. (8+8) 10. Analyses the nature of family. State the functions of a modern family. What is the social role of family? Explain. (5+6+5) 11. Give a critical estimate of the Social contact Theory regarding the relation between individual and society. (16) 12. Explain the Marxian analysis of Social change. Is this analysis tenable? Discuss fully. (12+4) 13. Explain & Examine Liberal Democracy. (10+6) PART-II PAPER-III HISTORY OF WESTERN PHILOSOPHY 1. Short Questions:- (i) What is Representative Realism? (ii) How does Hume distinguish between impression and idea? (iii) What does Berkeley mean by the state meut Esse Est Percipi? (iv) What does Descartes mean by Criterion of truth? (v) What is the nature of substance according to locke? (vi) How much type of ideas is accepted by Descartes? State with examples. (vii) What does Spinoza mean by Intellectual Love of God? (viii) What is Pre Established Harmony according to Leibnitz? (ix) What according to Leibnitz are the important characteristics of monads? (x) What does Kant mean by Categories of Understanding? (xi) Explain after Descartes, the ontological proof for the existence of God. (xii) What is the method of Universal Doubt? (xiii) What does Spinoza mean by the dictum Natura Naturata? (xiv) What is Law of Sufficient Reason? (xv) What are the different degrees of Knowledge according to Locke? 4
2. Explain Plato s theory of Knowledge. (16) 3. Explain the concept of substance by Descartes Spinoza and Leibnitz. Is this Rationalist theory of substance acceptable? Give reasons. (12+4) 4. Explain and examine Descartes Ontological argument for the existence of God. (16) 5. Explain Spinoza s three kinds of Knowledge. (16) 6. Explain Leibnitz s Laws of sufficient Reason. (16) I 7. HOW DOES Locke distinguish between the Primary and Secondary qualification of matter? How far is this distinction justified? (10+6) 8. (a) How does Hume distinguish between proposition concerning relations of ideas and propositions concerning matters of fact? 8. (b) What, according to Hume, is the ground of our reasoning concerning matter of fact? (8+8) 9. What is Abstract Idea? What is Berkeley s view on abstract idea? 10. Discuss, following Kant, the general problem of the Critique of Pure Reason. (16) 11. What are the different types of Scepticism? In what sence is Hume a Sceptic? ((6+10) 12. Discuss after Kant (a) Nature of Space. (b) Distinction between Analytic and Synthetic. (8+8) PAPER-IV WESTERN LOGIC 1. Short Questions: (i) What is a mixed Syllogism? What is the difference between pure and mixed Syllogism? (ii) What is an enthymeme? Give example. (iii) Clarify with an example why dilemma us regarded as a kind of Syllogism. (iv) What is the specific form of an argument? Give an example. (v) What are the basic differences between rules of inference and rules of replacement? (vi) Why are the tautologies statement forms logically equivalent? 5
(vii) Is there any hypothesis that can be verified conclusively? Explain in brief. (viii) Distinguish between necessary condition and sufficient condition with example. (ix) What is remote cause? Give an example of it. (x) Why is contrariety not accepted as a kind of opposition by modern Logicians? (xi) What is the relation between truth and validity? (xii) When are two statements for ms logically equivalent? Explain and illustrate. (xiii) Explain and illustrate the difference between a simple statement and a compound statement. (xiv) Why is argument by analogy induction? What is crucial experiment? 2. (i) What is meant by existential import of categorical proposition? Explain. (ii) Give the contra positive of the following: (a) Some non-americans are non-indians. (b) All physicists are philosophers. (c) No racists are non killers. (d) Some clients are non-payers. (8+8) 3. (i) What is enthymeme? Give an example. (ii) Jest their validity by Venn Diagrams. (a) AEE-I (b) EIO-2 (c) AAA-I (d) AEE-4 (4+12) 4. Explain Mill s Method of Difference. (16) 5. Explain Scientific Explanation. (16) 6. Explain Induction by simple Enumeration. (16) 7. Explain difference types of condition. (16) I 8. (i) What is material implication? How does it differ from other kinds of implications? (2+2) (ii) Use truth table to determine the validity of invalidity of each of the following arguments forms: (a) P λ (b) U (VVW) P/ λ (V.W) ηµ / ηµ (16) 9. Determine the truth value of the following state meant forms: (16) (i) Xxxxx 6
10. Construct formal proof of validity: (16) (i) Xxxx xxx PART-III PAPER-V INDIAN LOGIC & EPISTEMOLOGY Short Questions: 1. (i) How many kinds of yathartha anubhava are accepted by Annambhatta? What are they? (ii) Explain the definition of Karana? (iii) What kind of cause is admitted in the case of Dhramsa? Give reasons for your answer. (iv) What is Keva lavyatireki linga? (v) Explain Paksa, Sapaksa and Vipaksa? (vi) State the definition of Upamiti? (vii) Distinguish between Upamana and Upamiti? (viii) What is Sakti? (ix) How is Sakti of a word known? (x) Explain the definition of Pratyaksha? 2. Explain the definition of buddhi after J.S. and dipika. (16) 3. Explain the definition of smriti after J.S. and dipika. (16) 4. Explain the four fold definition of Prama and Pramaha. (16) 5. Explain Loukika Sannikarsha and with examples. (16) 6. Explain Aloukika Sannikarsha and with examples. (16) I 7. Explain Pak Sala. (16) 8. Explain Vyapli & Vyapligraha. (16) 9. Explain Viruddha Itetvabhasa. (16) 10. Explain Sabda Pramana. (16) 11. Wxplain Arthapatti. (16) 12. Explain Prabha Kara Theory of akhyati. (16) 7
PAPER-VI PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE EPISTEMOLOGY AND METAPHYSICS (WESTTERN) 1. Short Questions: (5 marks each) (i) Are there things which are meaningful but not words? Give examples. (ii) Give an example of process-product ambiguity? (iii) Mention two sentences which express the same proposition. (iv) Ts it logically possible to see a sound? (v) Explain uses of the word know with examples. (vi) How is the word see used in each of the following sentences? (i) I see blue (ii) I see a ghost (iii) I see fairies. (vii) What is a sense datum? (viii) Which of the following would you consider to be the laws of nature and why? (a) All swans are white. (b) Iron rusts when exposed to oxygen. (ix) Can chance be accepted as evidence of indeterminism? (x) Explain the concept self-contradictory with example. 2. Example verbal and ostensive definition with examples. (16) 3. Explain and examine the referential theory of meaning. (16) 4. Explain Analytic statement. Explain Synthetic statement. (8+8) 5. Explain sources of knowledge. (16) 6. (a) Explain the strong and weak sense of the word know (b) Explain Truth is what works (8+8) I 7. Explain the Problem of Induction. (16) 8. Explain Determinism. (16) 9. Explain Casual theory after Hume. (16) 10. What is Realism? Explain Representative Realism? (4+12) 11. Explain and Examine Plato s theory of Universals. (8+8) 12. Explain the difference between Idealiom and Realism. In this Context explain Berkeley s theory of Subjective Idealism. (8+8) PAPER-VII 8
ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 1. Short Questions: (5 marks each) answer any four. (i) What is Purusartha? (ii) What is Niskama karma? (iii) What is Sadharana Dharma? (iv) Discuss Bentham s Hedonistic Calculus. (v) Distinguish between teleological and deontological theories of morality. (vi) Do you find act-deontological theories of morality acceptable? (vii) How does magic differ from Religion? (viii) Analyse the two Concepts the Sacred and the Profane. (ix) What do you understand by Brahma Viharabhavana. (x) Discuss any two arguments against the existence of God as given in Jaina philosophy. INDIAN ETHICS 2. What are the characteristics of a person established in the Sthitaprajna State? (16) 3. Give an aceount of Anuvratas and Uahavratas admitted in Jaina Ethics. (16) 4. Explain the Vedic Concept of Rta. What exactly do you understand by Rta. (8+8) WESTERN ETHICS 5. Define Ethics. Is ethics a Practical Science? ((4+12) 6. What is the object of moral Judgments? Discuss. (16) 7. Discuss, in brief. Aristotle s virtue Ethics. PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 8. Explain and examine the ontological Argument for the existence of God. (16) 9. What is the problem of the religions use of language? (16) UNIT-V 10. Explain the Freudian theory against the God. (16) 11. Explain the Language Game Theory. (16) PAPER-VIII OPTIONAL PAPER ETHICS: THEORY AND PRACTICE 1. Short Questions: (Any Four. Each 5 marks) 9
(i) What is Hume s view regarding Suicide. (ii) Why is Killing Called immoral? (iii) How do the Feminists distinguish between Sex and gender? (iv) Are Human rights acquired? Discuss. (v) Explain Biometric Ethics. (vi) Explain Feminist Ethics. (vii) What is Punishment? (viii) What is Euthanasia? (ix) What is the moral relevance of Punishment? (x) Explain Management Ethics? 2. Explain postulates of morality. (16) 3. Explain Plato s moral theory. (16) 4. Explain Aristotle s Virtue Ethics. (16) 5. Explain Nature and Scope of applied Ethics. (8+8) 6. Explain Animal Killing. (16) 7. Explain Poverty with its causes. (16) I 8. Explain the Concept of Justice and Equality. (8+8) 9. Explain Liberal and Radical Feminism. (8+8) 10. Explain Environmental Ethics. (16) 11. Explain Reverence for life. (16) 12. Explain the Concept of Deep Ecology. (16) 10