A Quick Overview of Colonial America
Causes of England s slow start in North America: 1. Religious conflict (Anglican v. Catholic) 2. Conflict over Ireland 3. Rivalry with an Catholic Spain Queen Elizabeth I (The virgin Queen)
English Motivation to Colonize: 1. Spread Protestantism 2. Weaken/plunder Spanish settlements 3. Which led to the defeat of the Spanish Armada. 4. The defeat opened up the seas to England and created a great nationalistic feeling. 5. Primogeniture Laws
Roanoke Island The Lost Colony Roanoke Island was the first British settlement in North America. But the first attempt was Newfoundland.
Roanoke Island was first settled by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584. Sir Walter Raleigh funded and authorized the expeditions to Roanoke Island.
Raleigh named the entire region Virginia. However, Roanoke Island is in present day North Carolina, where the capital is named Raleigh.
The settlement failed because of food shortages and troubles with the Native Americans and Spain. In 1587, John White returned and tried again to start a British settlement on Roanoke Island. John White returned to England later in 1587 for supplies. Because of fighting between the British and the Spanish Armada, White was unable to return to the colony until 1590. View the artwork of John White.
John White drawing of Pomeiooc Village, 1585
White returned in 1590 to find that everyone had vanished.
The Settlement of Jamestown The settlement of Jamestown was started in Virginia by the Virginia Company in 1607.
- 2/3 s of the colonists died of disease and hunger. Captain John Smith saved Jamestown by: - bargaining for food with the Powhatan Indians. - calling for a no work, no food rule.
Model of Jamestown
The colonist John Rolfe married the Powhatan princess Pocahontas. Pocohantas JOHN John ROLFE RolfeAND POCAHONTAS early 1850s, J. W. Glass
This marriage brought peace between the colonists and the Powhatans, and ensured economic success for Jamestown after Pocahontas introduced tobacco to John Rolfe.
Life in Jamestown
Settlement of Jamestown The Virginia Company offered people willing to move to Jamestown a headright. Headright 50 acres of land given to each person who could pay their own way to Virginia Official seal of the Virginia Company
The Virginia Company began to hire indentured servants. indentured servants an individual who worked without wages for a specified number of years (usually 4-7) in exchange for transportation to the colonies.
In 1619, the Virginia Company brought the first Africans to Jamestown as indentured servants. * Soon afterwards, Africans were used as slaves.
Also in 1619, male settlers chose burgesses, or representatives, that met in an assembly called the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses, along with the governor, made the laws for Jamestown, becoming the first representative government in the English colonies. representative government a government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.
Voting Rights By 1670, only male property owners were allowed to vote. In 1723, the right to vote was taken away from free black property owners as well.
Maryland: The Catholic Colony Founded by Lord Baltimore in 1634 Like Virginia prospered due to tobacco Act of Toleration allowed Christian faiths but none other This led to more Catholics than any other colony. Lord Baltimore
Georgia: Buffer Colony The last colony. Savannah Harbor was invaluable. Meant to protect the valuable Carolina s from Spanish Florida and French from Louisiana. Founded by James Oglethorpe primarily for debtors. James Oglethorpe
The Plantation Colonies (Southern) Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Slavery in all colonies Agricultural production (tobacco and rice) Slow moving rivers Religious tolerance Soil Butchery Geography prohibited large cities (i.e.large plantations)
In 1607, a group of English Separatists, known as Pilgrims, moved to Holland in order to worship freely.
The Pilgrims received a charter from the Virginia Company in 1620 to settle in northern Virginia. Charter legal document giving certain rights to a person or company The Pilgrims agreed to work for the company as indentured servants.
In 1620, the Pilgrims set sail for Virginia on the Mayflower, but a storm blew them instead to Massachusetts.
The Pilgrims developed the Mayflower Compact, which was an agreement to make laws for the benefit of the whole settlement. This is the beginning of self government
More than half of the settlers died during the first winter.
Samoset and Squanto were Native Americans who taught the Pilgrims how to farm and trap animals.
Roman Catholic Church Baptists Presbyterians Protestants Episcopalians Lutherans Puritans Church of England Separatists (Pilgrims) Puritans a group of English Protestants that tried to simplify the Church of England in the 1600 s.
England persecuted everyone that refused to agree with the Church of England. Ex.) Puritans, Separatists, Catholics English dissenters saw America as a place where they could worship freely! Dissent to disagree
John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans. The Puritans wanted to reform the Church of England: - do away with Catholic traditions, such as organ music and special clothes for priests. -simpler forms of worship
In 1629, the Puritans were granted a charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company.
Relations With Native Americans: - Fighting increased as the Puritans settled on Native American land. What was the number one disruptor to the Native Americans? A village militia muster in Massachusetts Bay Colony, circa 1637.
Hard Work: - The Puritans worked very hard at farming, fishing, and hunting in order to become successful. Values: - religion and education were very important. - dancing and games were disapproved of, and illegal on the Sabbath.
- The Puritans wanted Massachusetts to be a "City on the Hill". Witches were blamed as scapegoats for their problems, such as: - stress - smallpox - Native Americans - belief in the devil Members of the clergy with any common sense, opposed the witch hunts
Puritan Dissenters Roger Williams Thomas Hooker Anne Hutchinson
Famous Puritan Dissenters Statue of Thomas Hooker, Hartford, Connecticut Thomas Hooker In 1636, Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts because he thought that the governor had too much power. Hooker set up the colony of Connecticut.
Roger Williams Roger Williams believed in the separation of church and state. (the belief that the government and religion should have no official relationship.) Also believed: Leaving the Church of England Challenging the legality of the Mass. Bay charter Paying Indians for their land
In 1635, Williams was ordered back to England. Instead, he left Massachusetts and formed the colony of Rhode Island. Rhode Island became a refuge (a safe place) for people seeking religious freedom. Roger Williams purchased his colony from the natives, then made all welcome.
Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson openly talked about and criticized the teachings of the Puritan ministers. She claimed that the truly saved need not obey the laws of God or man.
In 1637, Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts. In 1638, Hutchinson moved to Rhode Island. Anne Hutchinson on trial
After her husband's death, Anne Hutchinson moved to Pelham Bay, New York, where in 1643 she and five of her children were killed in an Indian attack on the colony.
New England Family Life Family remained at the center of life Early marriages and up to ten pregnancies for women.(if they lived through the deliveries) Children grew up in nurturing environments Husband s power of his wife was NOT absolute Women did not have property rights..why? Divorce was rare Adultery was punished severely
The Scarlet Letter by: Nathaniel Hawthorne
The New England Colonies New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut Deep harbors Lumber and fishing Subsistence farming Puritans
The Middle Colonies The Quaker Mascot for the University of Pennsylvania
Quakers and Pennsylvania Quakers were Protestant reformers: They believed that all people were equal.... no persons who shall be in any case molested or prejudiced... because of... conscientious persuasion or practice, nor be compelled to frequent or maintain any religious worship place or ministry contrary to... their mind, or to do or suffer any other act or thing contrary to their religious persuasion. The Liberty Bell was cast in 1751-1753, by order of the Pennsylvania Assembly, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of William Penn's Charter of Privileges
King Charles II made William Penn, a Quaker, the proprietor of some land in America named Pennsylvania. King Charles II s charter to William Penn, granting him the New World Colony now known as Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania - Penn wanted Pennsylvania to be a model of religious freedom. William Penn (1644-1718), the Quaker proprietor of the colony of Pennsylvania, which was named after his father.
- Penn believed that land should be bought and not taken from the Native Americans.
- Thousands of Europeans moved to Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia (the City of Brotherly Love ) grew quickly.
The Middle Colonies New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware Fertile soil = bread colonies Deep harbors = shipping Ethnically mixed population Unusual religious tolerance Economic and social democracy thrived (less aristocracy)
Triangular Trade Middle Passage
The Great Awakening Religion became less fervid in the 18 th century due to relaxed church doctrine. Jonathan Edwards proclaimed salvation required a complete dependence on God s grace George Whitefield used his great oration skills to spread the beliefs of Edwards. George Whitefield
The Great Awakening led to the creation of Universities Emphasis placed on Religion and Language( Latin and Greek) Strict Discipline 9 Universities created based on religious denomination. Except one.which one?
John Peter Zenger Trial 1734 Newspaper editor who criticized a corrupt governor Charged with seditious libel Argued that he printed the truth Judge told jury that the truth doesn t matter in the case Jury found him not guilty Basis for freedom of the press and opened up politicians for public criticism