The seigneurial system PAGE 72 Terms to Know: 1. Seigneur: A person given land by the state (usually a religious person or noble) 2. Seigneury: The land controlled by a seigneur 3. Censive: The seigneur portioned off the land into sections called censives 4. Censitaires: Peasants (regular people) who were given a piece of the seigneury to farm
Daily life on a seigneury PAGE 74 Censitaires first had to clear the forest, before they could farm the land Most of the time was devoted to farming Women educated the children and maintained the home Winter was the only time to relax a little and engage in crafts (woodworking and knitting) Farmers Playing at Skittles
Catholicism in New France PAGE 75 The founding of Ville-Marie in 1642 In 1639, the Societe de Notre-Dame de Montreal was founded Not all were members of the clergy Wanted to populate the Ile-de- Montreal Wanted to convert the Native people to Catholicism Led by Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance Jeanne Mance founded the Hotel-Dieu de Montreal
The church s support and guidance of the colonists PAGE 76 The church established parishes where enough people lived Only Catholics were permitted to settle in New France All colonists has to pay a tithe to the church, usually it was paid in grain Parish: A territory under the responsibility of a priest and in which he offers religious services Tithe: A tax Catholics pay to the Church
The church s support and guidance of the colonists cont. PAGE 77 Colonists did not always follow the church s instructions To correct improper behaviour, the priests would read pastoral letters that identified and forbade the improper behaviour
Education and healthcare PAGE 78 The religious communities in New France were specifically responsible for providing health care and education E.G. 1639, Marie de l Incarnation and the Ursulines opened a school for young girls in Quebec
Alliances and rivalries By establishing alliances with the Algonquin, Maliseet and Innu and the Huron-Wendat Confederacy, the French became enemies of the Iroquois Confederacy The English and Dutch befriended the Iroquois in order to get them to disrupt the French fur trading efforts Yo, Holland, want to mess with France? Ja! Ik vind dat echt lekker! Sacre bleu!
The Iroquois wars of the first half of the 17 th century PAGE 79 During the period, the Iroquois Confederacy launched several attacks against several settlements in the Vallee du Saint-Laurent Some missionaries were captured, tortured and/or killed Governor General Montmagny built a fort in 1642 on the banks of the Riviere Richelieu in response to the attacks
The destruction of the Huron-Wendat PAGE 80 In 1645, Montmagny agreed to a truce with the Mohawk nation But, from 1648 to 1650, the Iroquois almost completely wiped out the Huron-Wendat Confederacy
New France around 1663 PAGE 81 By 1663, New France was comprised of three territories: Canada, Acadia and Newfoundland There were about 3000 French colonists Compare this to 80000 English colonists on the east coast (now U.S.) Still mainly male because of the fur trade
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The Native population PAGE 82 The Iroquois Wars had a negative impact on the Native population However, much more devastating was the introduction of SMALLPOX The Native population decreased from 4500 to 2000 between 1620 and 1650 Finally leveled off as the Native peoples developed immunity
Acculturation PAGE 82 Contact with the Europeans led to the gradual acculturation of the Native people Native people gradually adopted European tools, clothing styles, religion and even language Some more intimate contact led to unions between European and Native people The children of these unions were called Métis Acculturation: The practice by which one adopts foreign cultural practices in whole or in part Métis: In Canada, the Metis are children of parents of European descent and Native descent Who is this?
The economy PAGE 83 The fur trade suffered from the Iroquois wars The elimination of some Native nations led to a difficult time period