177 Document B Document C Study the following redings nd crtoons s resource in nswering the questions tht follow. Prt A. The Philosophy of the Industrilists Hndout 28 (pge 1) is the clssicl rgument in support of free trde. when Individuls follow their own self-interest, it utomticlly works to the benefit of society s whole. As individul competitors pursue their own mximum profit, they re ll thus forced to be more efficient. This results serves only to mke opertions less efficient nd Is thus to be voided. The sme principles pply to Interntionl trde. There should be minimum (Adm) Smith ws mong the first to mke cler nd convincing cse tht in cheper goods in the long run. Free competition In ll mrkets nd with ll goods nd services Is thus to be encourged; government Intervention of government Interference in the wy of duties, quots, nd triffs. Smith s Gerld F. Cvngh, Americn Business Vlues in Trnsition (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hll, 1976), 2-3. of humn life would be the result. Spencer did not set out to exmine ny from bsic, orgnic principles of growth nd development. Spencer pplied to society the sme principles tht Chrles Drwin sw in biologicl life Cvngh, Americn Business Vlues in Trnsition, 11. to him simply s trust funds, which he is clled upon to dminister, nd Andrew Crnegie, Welth, North Americn Review, CXLVIII (June, 1889), 661-662. COPYRIGHT, The Center for Lerning. Used with permission. Not for resle. This, then, Is held to be the duty of the mn of Welth: First, to set n exmple of modest, unostenttlous living, shunning disply or extrv gnce; to provide modertely for the legitimte wnts of those dependent dom, experience, nd bility to dminister, doing for them better thn they would or could do for themselves. trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wis the community the mn of welth thus becoming the mere gent nd upon him; nd fter doing so to consider ll surplus revenues which come strictly bound s mtter of duty to dminister In the mnner which, in his judgment, Is best clculted to produce the most beneficil results for prticulr society nd its vlues; rther, his critique ws proposed s rther llowed to die nturl deth. Contct with hrsh nd demnding be encourged nd rewrded. The poor, the wek, nd the hndicpped ciples were followed, evolution nd the survivl of the fittest in the competition philosophy. The bright nd ble contribute most to society, nd so re to Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) proposed hrsh survivl of the fittest demnd more thn they contribute, nd so should not be supported but relity Is mturing experience tht should not be diluted by well-inten hence the nme, Socil Drwinism. tioned but In relity destructive chrities nd hndouts. If nturl prin culture-free. According to Spencer, it pplied to ll people for It ws derived Document A Dte Advnced Plcement U.S. Histoiy 1 Nme
Document D 178 COPYRIGHT, The Center for Lerning. Used with permission. Not for resle. (NY: John Wiley, 1982), 38. Chrles M. Dollr, et l. Americ: Chnging Times Copyright Culver Pictures, New York, NY. Document F Ghent, Our Benevolent Feudlism (New York: McmIlln, 1903), 29. John D. Rockefeller s sttement to his Sundy School clss quoted in Willim II. Americn Beuty Rose cn be produced in the splendor nd frgrnce which bring cheer to its beholder only by scrificing the erly buds which grow up round it. This is not n evil tendency in business, It is merely the working-out of lw of nture nd lw of God. The growth of lrge business is merely survivl of the fittest.... The Document E (Lexington, Mss.: 1983). 88. The Americn Pqent, 7th ed. Dvid M. Kennedy, Thoms A. Biley nd New York, NY. Culver Pictures, Copyright Hndout 28 (pge 2) Advnced Plcement U.S. History 1 Nme Dte
Advnced Plcement U.S. History 1 Hndout 28 (pge 3) Nme Dte Document G The Gospel of Welth. Crtoon from Judge, 1903. Andrew Crnegie In Scottish ttire shovels out 100 million dollrs for librries nd other good works. (Courtesy of the New York Public Librry.) 1. Summrize In sentence or two the philosophy of ech of the following:. Lissez-fire cpitlism b. Socil Drwinism c. Gospel of Welth 2. How does Socil Drwinism reinforce lissez-fire? 3. How does the Gospel of Welth help to justify the philosophy of Socil Drwinism? COPYRIGHT, The Center for Lerning. Used with permission. Not for resle. 179
Advnced Plcement U.S. HIstory 1 Hndout 28 (pge ) Nme Dte. Bsed on reserch bout John D. Rockefeller, stte severl specific business prctices tht Rockefeller seems to justify In his comment to his Sundy School clss. 5. How did the crtoonist Interpret John D. Rockefeller s remrk? 6. Answer the following questions bout the crtoon on King Monopoly:. Wht does the crtoonist Imply ws the source of the monopolist s welth nd power? b. Wht Industries does the crtoonist show s protected businesses? c. Wht does the booty In the crtoon represent?. d. Wht do the fcil expressions suggest bout the people s ttitude towrd King Monopoly? e. Summrize In sentence the min Ide of the crtoon on King Monopoly. f. Wht philosophy of big business Is represented by King Monopoly? Explin your reson- ing. 7. LIst severl mjor socil or economic problems tht stem from lissez-fire nd Socil Dr winism. copyright, The cr for Lerning. Used with pennisslon. Not for resle. 180
Advnced Plcement U.S. Histoiy 1 Nme Dte_ Hndout 28 (pge 5) 8. Summrize the min ide of the crtoon on Andrew Crnegie s Gospel of Welth. 9. Does Andrew Crnegie s Gospel of Welth dequtely solve problems creted by those who employ the philosophy of Socil Drwinism? Explin your nswer. 10. To wht extent do you see evidence of individuls employing either or both of the philosophies of Socil Drwinism nd Gospel of Welth in tody s society? Cite specific exmples to illustrte your view. Prt B. To conclude this lesson, ssume tht you pln to write journl rticle ressessing the reputtion of Andrew Crnegie nd John D. Rockefeller for good nd/or Ill in shping Americn society both for their own time nd genertions to follow. Include the following s n initil presenttion to potentil publishers:. Title of your rticle b. Epigrph (quottion tht sets forth your theme) c. Introduction/thesis d. Outline of evidence you will cite e. Conclusion on the importnce of your topic for reders tody COPYRIGHT, The Center for Lerning. Used with permission. Not for resle. 181