DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY ST610 Reformed Theological Seminary (Orlando) Keith E. Johnson, Ph.D. Keith.Johnson@cru.org Spring 2015 Monday, 6:00 to 8:00pm Course Description Trinitarian faith is vital to the life and health of the church. In this course we will explore the biblical/theological foundations, historical development and contemporary approaches to the doctrine of the Trinity. After surveying the twentieth century trinitarian revival, we will carefully trace the development of trinitarian doctrine from the second through fifth centuries, briefly explore medieval developments and then move to the Reformation. In the final section of the course, we will consider how trinitarian doctrine informs Christian worship, preaching, salvation, ethics, mission and theology of religions. Learning Outcomes 1. Grow in your love and adoration for the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. 2. Become persuaded that trinitarian faith is vital to the life and health of the Church. 3. Better understand the biblical and theological foundations for the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. 4. Gain a deeper understanding of the historical development of trinitarian doctrine through an engagement with primary texts (mid-second to early-fifth centuries through the Reformation). 5. Become familiar with contemporary approaches to the doctrine of the Trinity. 6. Reflect critically on the proper use of trinitarian doctrine in the life of the church. 7. Better understand the integrative nature of this doctrine and how it relates other key doctrines including anthropology, soteriology, pneumatology, ecclesiology, missiology and the theology of religions. Required Texts Augustine, Saint. The Trinity. Translated by Edmund Hill, O.P. Brooklyn: New City Press, 1991. (ISBN: 9781565484467) Basil, Saint. On the Holy Spirit. New York: St. Vladimir s Seminary Press: 2011. (IBSN: 9780881418767) Hardy, Edward R., ed. Christology of the Later Fathers, Library of Christian Classics. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1954. (IBSN: 9780664241520) Sanders, Fred. The Deep Things of God: How the Trinity Changes Everything. Wheaton: Crossway, 2010. (IBSN: 9781433513152).
Recommended Texts Dünzl, Franz. A Brief History of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the Early Church. New York: T&T Clark, 2007. Emery, Gilles. The Trinity: An Introduction to Catholic Doctrine on the Triune God. Translated by Matthew Levering. Washington D.C.: Catholic University of America, 2011. Holmes, Stephen R. The Quest for the Trinity: The Doctrine of God in Scripture, History and Modernity. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2012. Letham, Robert. The Holy Trinity: In Scripture, History, Theology and Worship. Phillipsburg: P&R Publishing, 2004. Wainwright, Arthur. The Trinity in the New Testament. London: SPCK, 1962. [available as reprint through Wipf and Stock] Course Requirements 1. Class Participation: Class participation includes the following: a. Attendance of all class sessions. (If you must miss a class session, please send me an email prior to class letting me know you will be absent.) b. Active participation in course discussion. 2. Readings: All readings not found in the required texts will be available either on the course website or on reserve in the RTS library. The final reading report is due Tuesday, May 12 by 5:00 pm. (You will submit your reading report electronically.) 3. Theological Analysis of a Trinitarian Hymn: Because trinitarian faith is expressed most clearly in the corporate worship of Father, Son and Spirit in the church, students will offer a theological analysis of a trinitarian hymn. The hymn analysis should be 5-6 pages in length (double-spaced, 12 pt font, 1 margins) and include the following three sections: (1) introduction (historical background on the hymn and observations about the structure of the hymn especially with regard to its trinitarian syntax ), (2) analysis of each verse (summarizing the main themes, identifying biblical echoes/allusions, discussing the trinitarian theology), (3) overall evaluation of the trinitarian theology presented in the hymn (what are the strengths and weaknesses of this hymn?) Be sure to include the texts of hymn in your analysis. DUE: Monday, March 30 by 5:00 p.m. (When you submit your paper, title it YourLastName_HymnAnalysis.doc. Please send your document in Word format.) 4. Theological Paper: Students will compose a 12 page essay (double-spaced, 12 pt font, 1 margins) on some aspect of trinitarian theology to be determined in conversation with the instructor. The instructor will post sample paper topics. The paper should (1) present a clear thesis, (2) reflect thoughtful and sympathetic engagement with the course texts, (3) engage primary-sources (i.e., church fathers), (4) offer critical analysis (and not merely summary) of the positions and views you engage and (5) consider the implications and significance of your investigation for the life of the church. DUE: Friday, May 15 by 5:00 pm. (When you submit your paper, title it YourLastName_TheologicalPaper.doc. Please send your document in Word format.)
Course Grade Participation 10% Reading 20% Hymn Analysis 25% Theological Paper 45% 100% Course Schedule 1. Monday, Feb. 9 Topic: Why does the Doctrine of the Trinity Matter? Sanders, Deep Things of God, 1-96 Topic: The Twentieth-Century Trinitarian Revival Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics I/1, The Doctrine of the Word of God, 295-333 (Online) 2. Monday, Feb. 16 Topic: The Doctrine of the Trinity in Holy Scripture David S. Yeago, The New Testament and the Nicene Dogma (Online) C. Kavin Rowe, Biblical Pressure and Trinitarian Hermeneutics (Online) Kathryn Tanner, The Trinity as Christian Teaching, Oxford Handbook on the Trinity (Online) 3. Monday, Feb. 23 Topic: Pre-Nicene Trinitarian Theology: Tertullian Tertullian, Against Praxeas, 130-79 (Online) Topic: Pre-Nicene Trinitarian Theology: Origen of Alexandria Origen, On First Principles, Preface, Book I, 1-39 (Online) 4. Monday, March 2 Topic: The Arian Crisis, Council of Nicaea (A.D. 325) J. Warren Smith, The Trinity in the Fourth-Century Fathers, Oxford Handbook on the Trinity (online) L. Ayres, On Teaching the Fourth Century Nicaea and Its Legacy, 430-35 (online) Topic: Trinitarian Theology of Athanasius Athanasius, On the Incarnation in Hardy, 55-86 5. Monday, March 9** [Instructor out of town] Topic: Trinitarian Theology of the Cappadocians Gregory of Nyssa Intro to Gregory of Nyssa s life and theology in Hardy, 235-50 Gregory of Nyssa, An Answer to Ablabius in Hardy, 256-67 Gregory of Nyssa, An Address on Religious Instruction in Hardy, only 268-275 and 322 6. Monday, March 16 Topic: Trinitarian Theology of the Cappadocians - Basil of Caesarea Basil of Caesarea, On the Holy Spirit, intro and chapters 1-18 Topic: Trinitarian Theology of the Cappadocians - Gregory of Nazianzus Gregory of Nazianzus, Third and Fifth Theological Orations (Hardy 160-176 and 194-214) SPRING BREAK
7. Monday, March 30 [**Hymn analysis due] Topic: Council of Constantinople (A.D. 381) J. Warren Smith, The Trinity in the Fourth-Century Fathers, Oxford Handbook on the Trinity (online) carefully review Smith s discussion of the events surrounding the Council of Constantinople Topic: Trinitarian Theology of Augustine (Part 1) Augustine, Sermon 52 On the Baptism of Jesus (Online) Augustine, The Trinity, Books I-II (pp. 65-122) 8. Monday, April 6 Topic: Trinitarian Theology of Augustine (Part 2) Augustine, The Trinity, Books IV.25-31 (pp. 147-151,171-77 only), V (pp. 186-201) Topic: Medieval Trinitarian Theology Thomas Aquinas Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Prima Pars, QQ. 33-38 (Online) 9. Monday, April 13 Topic: Trinity in the Reformation Scott Swain, The Trinity in the Reformers, Oxford Handbook on the Trinity (online) Calvin, Institutes, I.3.1-I.3.29 (McNeill, 120-59) (online) The Commentary of Zacharias Ursinus on the Heidelberg catechism, 119-120, 128-39 (online) 10. Monday, April 20 Topic: Trinity and Christian Worship Robin Parry, Worshipping Trinity, 102-146 (online) Sanders, Deep Things of God, 193-239 Topic: Trinity and Christian Preaching R. Albert Mohler, How does the Doctrine of the Trinity Relate to Preaching? SBJT 10 (2006): 86-92 (online) 11. Monday, April 27 Topic: Trinity and Salvation Sanders, Deep Things of God, 97-192 12. Monday, May 4 Topic: Global Theology: Contextualizing the Doctrine of the Trinity Readings TBD Topic: Trinity and Religious Pluralism Paul F. Knitter, A New Pentecost? A Pneumatological Theology of Religions, Current Dialogue 19 (1991): 32-41. (Online) Amos Yong, Discerning the Spirit(s) in the World Religions: Toward a Pneumatological Theology of Religions in No Other Gods before Me? Evangelicals and the Challenge of World Religions, ed. John G. Stackhouse, Jr. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001), 37-61. (Online) S. Mark Heim, God s Diversity: A Trinitarian View of Religious Pluralism, Christian Century 118 (January 24 2001): 14-18. (Online) Keith E. Johnson, Does the Doctrine of the Trinity Hold the Key to a Christian Theology of Religions? in Trinitarian Theology for the Church (Downers Grove: IVP, 2009), 142-60 (online)
13. Monday, May 11 Topic: Trinity and Ethics Imitating the Trinity in Human Relations Kathryn Tanner, Politics, Christ the Key (online) Keith E. Johnson, Imitatio Trinitatis: How Should We Imitate the Trinity? WTJ 75 (2013): 317-34. (online) Topic: Contemporary Debate over the Eternal Generation of the Son William Grover, A Review and Evaluation of Diverse Christological Opinions among American Evangelicals: Part 1: The eternal generation of the Son, Conspectus 5:1 (Mar 2008) (online) Keith E. Johnson, Augustine, Eternal Generation, and Evangelical Trinitarianism, Trinity Journal 32 NS (2011): 141-163. (online)
Course: Professor: Campus: Course Objectives Related to MDiv* Student Learning Outcomes ST 610, Doctrine of the Trinity Keith Johnson Orlando Date: Spring 2015 MDiv* Student Learning Outcomes In order to measure the success of the MDiv curriculum, RTS has defined the following as the intended outcomes of the student learning process. Each course contributes to these overall outcomes. This rubric shows the contribution of this course to the MDiv outcomes. *As the MDiv is the core degree at RTS, the MDiv rubric will be used in this syllabus. Articulation (oral & written) Broadly understands and articulates knowledge, both oral and written, of essential biblical, theological, historical, and cultural/global information, including details, concepts, and frameworks. Rubric Strong Minimal None Strong Mini-Justification (1) Class discussions will provide opportunities for students to articulate their understanding of Christian teaching about the Trinity. (2) Students will be required to answer questions in writing about the reading to access comprehension. (3) Students will write a research paper on doctrinal issue related to doctrine of the Trinity. (4) Students will offer a theological analysis of a trinitarian hymn. Scripture Reformed Theology Sanctification Desire for Worldview Significant knowledge of the original meaning of Scripture. Also, the concepts for and skill to research further into the original meaning of Scripture and to apply Scripture to a variety of modern circumstances. (Includes appropriate use of original languages and hermeneutics; and integrates theological, historical, and cultural/global perspectives.) Significant knowledge of Reformed theology and practice, with emphasis on the Westminster Standards. Demonstrates a love for the Triune God that aids the student s sanctification. Burning desire to conform all of life to the Word of God. Strong (1) Students will learn the biblical basis for the doctrine of the Trinity. (2) Course equips students to read Scripture theologically (i.e., attending to the subject matter rendered in the text in this case, the Triune God). (3) Students will learn how the doctrine of the Trinity helps us rightly read Scripture. The primary focus of this class will be the early development of trinitarian doctrine from the second to fifth centuries. After examining that, we will consider how the Reformers receive this tradition as confessed in the creeds. In the process, students will better understand Reformed approaches to the Trinity. We will also examine teaching of the Trinity in the WCF. (1) Trinitarian faith is vital to the life of the church and is expressed in its worship, sacraments, preaching, and witness in the world. This course will relate trinitarian doctrine to each of these areas. (2) This course will also draw attention to the ways that trinitarian doctrine is wrongly used to provide ethical direction for Christians. The doctrine of the Trinity is absolutely essential to a Christian worldview. This course will motivate students to see all of life and theology in light of the Trinity.
Winsomely Reformed Preach Embraces a winsomely Reformed ethos. (Includes an appropriate ecumenical spirit with other Christians, especially Evangelicals; a concern to present the Gospel in a God-honoring manner to non-christians; and a truth-in-love attitude in disagreements.) Ability to preach and teach the meaning of Scripture to both heart and mind with clarity and enthusiasm. Strong Minimal (1) Students will read select writings of church fathers on the Trinity. In the process, they will gain a great appreciation for the development of this doctrine and consensus that emerged in the early church in confessing Father, Son, and Holy Spirit as one God in three persons. (2) Significant attention will be given to the great ecumenical creeds as expressing a consensus of trinitarian faith. The importance of the creeds will be discussed. (3) Students will learn to appreciate the areas in which Christians have legitimately differed on the Trinity while at the same time becoming aware of trinitarian heresies. One class session is devoted to Trinity and preaching in which we will consider the implications of the doctrine of the Trinity for preaching. We will explore the tension between Christological and trinitarian approaches to preaching. Worship Shepherd Church/World Knowledgeable of historic and modern Christianworship forms; and ability to construct and skill to lead a worship service. Ability to shepherd the local congregation: aiding in spiritual maturity; promoting use of gifts and callings; and encouraging a concern for non-christians, both in America and worldwide. Ability to interact within a denominational context, within the broader worldwide church, and with significant public issues. None Minimal One reason we must think rightly about the Trinity is that so we might rightly worship Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. (1) A class session will be devoted to exploring the relationship between Trinity and worship (2) Students will be introduced to a new trinitarian hymn each session (which they will sing) in order to help them understand how the church has attempted to allow a trinitarian syntax to inform its hymnody. (3) Students will pick a trinitarian hymn and offer a theological analysis of the trinitarian content of the hymn. One pressing issue facing the contemporary church is religious pluralism. One session will be devoted to exploring trinitarian approaches to Christian reflection on the relationship of Christianity to other religions. We will also briefly explore the relationship between Trinity and Islam.