JUDAISM B Y : J E N N A Z I L I C, T Y L E R W I N K E L, & TA N N E R M A Y D A K.
WHAT IS JUDAISM Judaism, sometimes referred to as the Jewish faith, is the religion developed among the ancient Hebrews that stresses belief in God and faithfulness to the laws of Torah (Merriam Webster) Judaism is a monotheistic religion, a one God religion.
ORIGIN Roughly 4,000 years prior to our time (about 1900 BCE), Judaism is said to have been founded by a Hebrew man, Abraham. According to biblical tales, Abraham was told by God to leave his home town, and migrate to unknown land. His journey lead him and his followers to "Cannan" (present day Palestine and Israel), where he settled and created a new nation for his religion and people. After time, Babylonian and Roman invaders took over the land and destroyed the temples in 586 BCE and 70 CE. These invasions changed the practice of Judaism from a "sacrificial religion" to the studying and learning. (A major turning point).
EARLY PRACTICES While Judaism was a "sacrificial religion", followers of the religion would perform "Karbanot", translating to sacrifice to be closer to God. Food, domesticated animals, personal belongings were utilized for this ritual. The three basic concepts of this practice: giving, substitution and coming closer. Additionally in this time, the Torah, written by Moses, was created. Sometimes referred to as the "five books of Moses", the scriptures lays down the beliefs and basic laws of ancient Judaism. The five books are named: Genesis. Exodus. Leviticus. Numbers. Deuteronomy Picture of the exodus (cite!!!!)
EARLY PRACTICES: THE FIVE BOOKS OF TORAH Consisting of least fifty chapters, the book of Genesis contains; the creation of the world, the tales of the patriarchs, matriarchs, and significant contributors to Judaism up until "Jacob", the grandson of Abraham, departing for Egypt. Exodus, ten chapters less than the book of Genesis, speaks of the events after Jacob, Moses, and most importantly, the introduction to the ten commandments written by God.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS (AS SEEN ON YOUR SHEET) You shall have no other god to set against me. You shall not make a carved image for yourself nor the likeness of anything in the heavens above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth. You shall not make wrong use of the name of the Lord your God; the Lord will not leave unpunished the man who misuses his name. Remember to keep the Sabbath day holy.you have six days to labour and do all your work. But the seventh day is a Sabbath of the Lord your God; that day you shall not do any work, you, your son or your daughter, your slave or your slave-girl, your cattle or the alien within your gates; for in six day the Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and on the seventh day he rested. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and declared it holy. Honour your father and your mother, that you may live long in the land which the Lord your God is giving you. You shall not commit murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not give false evidence against your neighbour. You shall not covet your neighbour s house; you shall not covet your neighbour s wife, his slave, his slave-girl, his ox, his [donkey], or anything that belongs to him.
THE 10 COMMANDMENTS (IN LAYMAN'S TERMS) Your religious interpretation of "God" shall be devoted to him Do not begin to compare your creation to God's Do not display Respect for God's name" Shall not say the lords name in vain" You shall rest on the seventh day (Sabbath) Honor your parents or guardians Do not kill someone else Do not have sexual relationships with a"married"person Do not take possessions that do not belong to you Do not lie Do not desire what is not yours
EARLY PRACTICES: THE FIVE BOOKS OF TORAH Leviticus is the laws and restriction that God told Moses for festivals, priests, and temple services Jewish festivals Rosh Hashanah: The beginning of the Jewish New Year Yom Kippur: The Day of Atonement, the last 10 days of penitence which marks the opening of the New Year. Sukkot: A harvest festival giving thanks for the safe 40 year journey from Egypt to Israel Simchat Torah: Giving thanks for the Torah Hanukkah: An eight day festival which commemorates the re-dedication of the temple in Jerusalem after expelling the occupying Syrians in 164 BCE Purim: Celebrating the Saving of the Persian Jews, as told in the biblical book of Esther Passover (Pesach): Week long memorial retelling the Israelites release from Egypt Shavuot: Harvest festival celebrating the gift of the Torah to Moses Bar Mitzvah: Coming of age for boys aged 13. In liberal traditions, an equivalent ceremony (Bat Mitzvah) is carried out for girls Shabbat (Sabbath): Day of rest, worship and fasting, from sunset Friday to sunset Saturday, requiring strict observance for Orthodox Jews
EARLY PRACTICES: THE FIVE BOOKS OF TORAH Numbers is the details the travels, battles and struggles of the Jews during their 40-year expedition in the desert after the Exodus, Korach s rebellion, and the settlements along the way Deuteronomy is the last scriptures and actions of Moses before his death.
MAJOR TURNING POINTS OF JUDAISM Babylonian and Roman invaders took over the land and destroyed the temples in 586 BCE and 70 CE. These invasions changed the practice of Judaism from a "sacrificial religion" in temples, to the studying and learning within synagogues. The moments God gave them the ten commandments, or any form of law scripture for that matter
SYNAGOGUES Synagogues are the place of worship in Judaism. It is a house of prayer, a place of study, place to bring the religion as one.
HOW IT CHANGED THE PRACTICES OF JUDAISM After Judaism converted from a sacrificial religion to studying and learning, They stopped "giving" to God and chose to educate and pray to him within the synagogues. Additionally, their religion's practices changed within the aspect of their character when laws and restrictions such as the ten commandments were "given" by God to his people.
MODERN DAY JUDAISM Modern day Judaism has developed and modernized by broken up into different sects of Judaism It has drifted away from the Torah and ancient Judaism practices such as social, gender discrimination. Orthodox Judaism is still practiced and follows ancient Judaism, but other branches have chosen to change their beliefs to adapt to modern society
DIFFERENT GROUPS OF JUDAISM Reason for branching off Practices Orthodox Judaism Conservative Judaism Reform Judaism Present day religion was developing, this religion kept its traditional views To conserve ancient Judaism faith, but also to adapt to modern society This was for the purpose that followers of Judaism in Europe of the late 18th century, could practice their religion while claiming as another. Traditions and laws they preform are based upon the Torah and ancient laws such as following the strict dietary laws of Kashrut Similar to orthodox Judaism of following ancient laws, but the laws are adapted The acceptance and education of practicing other religions within Judaism
KASHRUT (DIETARY LAWS) 3 Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is wholly cloven-footed, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that may ye eat. 4 Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that only chew the cud, or of them that only part the hoof: the camel, because he cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, he is unclean unto you. 5 And the rock-badger, because he cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, he is unclean unto you. 6 And the hare, because she cheweth the cud but parteth not the hoof, she is unclean unto you 7 And the swine, because he parteth the hoof, and is cloven-footed, but cheweth not the cud, he is unclean unto you. 8 Of their flesh ye shall not eat, and their carcasses ye shall not touch; they are unclean unto you. 9 These may ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them may ye eat. 10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that swarm in the waters, and of all the living creatures that are in the waters, they are a detestable thing unto you, 11 and they shall be a detestable thing unto you; ye shall not eat of their flesh, and their carcasses ye shall have in detestation. 12 Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales in the waters, that is a detestable thing unto you. 13 And these ye shall have in detestation among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are a detestable thing: the great vulture, and the bearded vulture, and the ospray; 14 and the kite, and the falcon after its kinds; 15 every raven after its kinds; 16 and the ostrich, and the night-hawk, and the sea-mew, and the hawk after its kinds; 17 and the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl; 18 and the horned owl, and the pelican, and the carrion-vulture; 19 and the stork, and the heron after its kinds, and the hoopoe, and the bat. 20 All winged swarming things that go upon all fours are a detestable thing unto you.
KASHRUT (CONT.) 21 Yet these may ye eat of all winged swarming things that go upon all fours, which have jointed legs above their feet, wherewith to leap upon the earth; 22 even these of them ye may eat: the locust after its kinds, and the bald locust after its kinds, and the cricket after its kinds, and the grasshopper after its kinds. 23 But all winged swarming things, which have four feet, are a detestable thing unto you. 24 And by these ye shall become unclean; whosoever toucheth the carcass of them shall be unclean until even. 25 And whosoever beareth aught of the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even. 26 Every beast which parteth the hoof, but is not cloven footed, nor cheweth the cud, is unclean unto you; every one that to toucheth them shall be unclean. 27 And whatsoever goeth upon its paws, among all beasts that go on all fours, they are unclean unto you; whoso toucheth their carcass shall be unclean until the even. 28 And he that beareth the carcass of them shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even; they are unclean unto you. 29 And these are they which are unclean unto you among the swarming things that swarm upon the earth: the weasel, and the mou se, and the great lizard after its kinds, 30 and the gecko, and the land-crocodile, and the lizard, and the sand-lizard, and the chameleon. 31 These are they which are unclean to you among all that swarm; whosoever doth touch them, when they are dead, shall be unclean until the even. 32 And upon whatsoever any of them, when they are dead, doth fall, it shall be unclean; whether it be any vessel of wood, or raiment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever vessel it be, wherewith any work is done, it must be put into water, and it shall be unclean until the even; then shall it be clean. 33 And every earthen vessel whereinto any of them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall be unclean, and it ye shall break. 34 All food therein which may be eaten, that on which water cometh, shall be unclean; and all drink in every such vessel that may be drunk shall be unclean. 35 And every thing whereupon any part of their carcass falleth shall be unclean; whether oven, or range for pots, it shall be broken in pieces; they are unclean, and shall be unclean unto you. 36 Nevertheless a fountain or a cistern wherein is a gathering of water shall be clean; but he who toucheth their carcass shall be unclean. 37 And if aught of their carcass fall upon any sowing seed which is to be sown, it is clean. 38 But if water be put upon the seed, and aught of their carcass fall thereon, it is unclean unto you. 39 And if any beast, of which ye may eat, die, he that toucheth the carcass thereof shall be unclean until the even. 40 And he that eateth of the carcass of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even; he also that beareth the carcass of it shall wash his clothes, and be unclean until the even. 41 And every swarming thing that swarmeth upon the earth is a detestable thing; it shall not be eaten. 42 Whatsoever goeth upon the belly, and whatsoever goeth upon all fours, or whatsoever hath many feet, even all swarming things that swarm upon the earth, them ye shall not eat; for they are a detestable thing.
BASIC LAWS OF THE KASHRUT 1. Certain animals may not be eaten at all. This restriction includes the flesh, organs, eggs and milk of the forbidden animals. 2. Of the animals that may be eaten, the birds and mammals must be killed in accordance with Jewish law. 3. All blood must be drained from meat and poultry or broiled out of it before it is eaten. 4. Certain parts of permitted animals may not be eaten. 5. Fruits and vegetables are permitted, but must be inspected for bugs (which cannot be eaten) 6. Meat (the flesh of birds and mammals) cannot be eaten with dairy. Fish, eggs, fruits, vegetables and grains can be eaten with either meat or dairy. (According to some views, fish may not be eaten with meat). 7. Utensils (including pots and pans and other cooking surfaces) that have come into contact with meat may not be used with dairy, and vice versa. Utensils that have come into contact with nonkosher food may not be used with kosher food. This applies only where the contact occurred while the food was hot. 8. Grape products made by non-jews may not be eaten. 9. There are a few other rules that are not universal.
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