Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587-1776 Section 1: Early English Settlements This colony became the first successfully established English colony in North America. Jamestown Comparison Foldable Directions on Page 69 7 pieces of paper 1/2 inch apart Fold bottom edges of paper to form 14 tabs. 1
Virginia Introduction: Virginia Company from London sends 144 settlers to establish a new colony in North America Purpose: To look for gold and establish trade of fish and fur = Make $$$ Jamestown Colony Challenges: 1. Land: Swampy, Mosquitoes (diseases), Poor farmland 2. Pressure to make quick profit Searched for gold instead of growing crops 3. Coexisting with native people 2
People 1. Captain John Smith Forced settlers to work Established trade with local chief Powhatan 2. John Rolf Learned to grow cash crop tobacco Improved relations with natives after marriage to Pocahontas daughter of Chief Powhatan. Key Advances of Jamestown 1. Growth of tobacco = colony prospered $ 2. Marriage of Rolf and Pocahontas = improved relations w/natives 3. Move to private land ownership = encouraged colonists to work harder to grow and sell more crops Key Advances of Jamestown 4. Representative Government Jamestown colony = 10 towns Representatives (Burgesses) = 2/town July 30, 1619 Assembly (House of Burgesses) met for 1st time in Jamestown Church. 3
Key Advances of Jamestown 5. 1619 Virginia Company sends 90 women to Jamestown = Families become part of life in Virginia 6. 1624 King James cancels company charter, and makes Jamestown 1st Royal Colony for England in America. 7. 1660 Slavery legally recognized in Virginia Headright land grants Colonists who pay own way = 150 acres Each family member over 15 y/o = 50 acres Each servant brought to Virginia = 50 acres Family of 5 with 2 kids over 15 and 2 servants? Massachusetts Plymouth - 1620 Intro: Puritans aboard Mayflower Purpose: Religious Freedom Leader: William Bradford Key Advances: Mayflower Compact Massachusetts Bay - 1630 Intro: Puritans colony North of Plymouth Purpose: puritan attempt to start a colony based on the Bible. Leader John Winthrop led 900 people to present day Boston 4
Connecticut Intro: Better farm land drew colonists south to fertile Connecticut river valley Purpose:Leaders wanted a more religiously and politically tolerant government Leader:Thomas Hooker Did not like how the leaders were running the Massachusetts Bay Colony Formed the town of Hartford Connecticut Key Advances: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Described organization of their representative Government First written Constitution in America New Hampshire Leader: John Wheelwright led group of Undesired North of Massachusetts. Purpose: Get away from Massachusetts Colony Profit from trade and fishing Products: Rum, Lumber and furs 5
Rhode Island Intro: Set up by colonists who were forced out of Massachusetts Leader: Roger Williams Believed: people shouldn t be persecuted for religious beliefs Settlers shouldn t take land away from Native Americans Purpose: Religious Freedom Rhode Island Key Advances: 1st place in America where all faiths were allowed to worship freely New York Intro: Started as a Dutch colony named New Amsterdam in 1621. Colony separated England s northern colonies from its southern colonies Possessed a thriving trading port Taken over by England in 1664 6
New York Leader: Duke of York named proprietor of colony Renames colony New York Key Advancement 1691 - colonists win right to elect a representative legislature New Jersey Leaders: Lord John Berkley & Sir George Cartaret Attractions:leaders promised Freedom of Religion Trial by jury Representative assembly to make laws and set tax rates New Jersey Difficulties: No natural harbor = no shipping port Key Advancement: 1702 colony becomes one of England s royal colonies 7
Pennsylvania Leader: William Penn Intends to put Quaker ideals of toleration and equality into practice Designs Philadelphia - City of Brotherly Love Penn becomes 1st town planner Pennsylvania Key advancements 1682 Penn negotiates 1st land treaties with local Natives 1701 Charter of Liberties passed Colonists have right to elect representatives to a legislative assembly Delaware Intro: Starts out as Pennsylvania s lower 3 counties Key advances: Charter of Privileges in 1704 allows counties to form their own legislature Develops into separate colony of Delaware 8
Maryland Intro: Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore wanted to establish a safe place for Catholics to live freely without restrictions. Major Crops: Tobacco, Corn, Wheat 1 acre of tobacco = 2 acres of corn Maryland Key Advancements Baltimore 1729 - colony s only port Mason - Dixon Line - Boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland Act of Toleration 1649 - Granted Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely English government makes the Anglican (Protestant) church the official church of Maryland. North Carolina Intro: Settled mostly by Farmers from Virginia Major Crops: Tobacco, Timber, and Tar Problems: Lacked a good Harbor 9
South Carolina Intro: More Prosperous because they had fertile farmland and good harbors Major Crops: Rice, Indigo Key Advancements 1680 - Discovered rice grew well on wet coastland 1740 - Eliza Lucas developed Indigo A blue dye used to dye textiles - becomes very profitable Georgia Intro: The last British Colony to be established in 1733. Functioned as a military barrier between Spanish Florida and the rest of the English colonies in the north. Leader: James Oglethorpe 1733 established town of Savannah Set up rule/laws of the colony 10