What is Church? Who is Church?

What is Church? Who is Church?

The church is a sign of the mystery of God s love. In the church, we share a journey of faith.

God has made known to us the mystery of his will to gather up all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth. Ephesians 1:9a, 10b

The church is our home, where we are the family of God. How does the church offer you a homelike place?

When we care for a lamb, we are tender and careful. How do you experience God caring for you in the same way?

A look at Church History From Jesus to Francis

What is CHURCH? The mystical Body of Christ St. Paul The Vine and the Branches Jesus as told by John God s Family Ephesians God s building Psalms, Matthew and Corinthians Jesus Little Flock The good shepherd parable The people of God Vatican II

What is CHURCH? Our church is one just like our God is one. It is holy, as Divine Love is holy. It is catholic, meaning universal It is built on the foundation of the twelve apostles.

Pentecost: Birth of the Church On the fiftieth day after Jesus death, Jesus kept his promise and sent the advocate, The Holy Spirit. Three thousand were added to the fold that day.

Early Church: 30-80 AD A Jewish sect Communal life A refuge for widows and children Missionary in nature The services were in the homes

Rapid spread Strong infrastructure World was at peace Spiritual unrest

Conversion of Paul 40 s AD Among the Jewish leadership Watchdog of the faith A tent maker On the road to Damascus

The Council of Jerusalem (49AD) Development of the Creed Apostles creed What do we do with Gentiles? Jewish laws Circumcision Dietary Sexual ethics.

Early Leadership Five Christian centers: Jerusalem, Alexandria, Antioch, Byzantium, and Rome

Paul Missionary journeys Many letters Imprisonment Early Missions

Persecutions Under the emperor Nero Persecutions of Christians in Rome 60 s AD (CE) Martyrdom of Peter and Paul 63 AD (CE)

Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple Destruction of Jerusalem 70 AD (CE)

Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple The Western or Wailing Wall Today

The Gospels Writing of the Gospels 65-100 AD (CE) At least 30 years after Jesus Mark: 55-65 Gentile audience Matthew 60-75 Jewish audience Luke 60-75 Greek audience John 90+ General audience

Epistles (40-80 CE) Writing of the Epistles: 40-80 s Paul John Peter

A Persecuted Church 60-313 AD Second Century Authority Scriptures, Creed, and Hierarchy

A Persecuted Church 60-313 AD Apostolic Fathers and apologists (defenders of the faith) Martyrs Heresies

An Accepted Church Edict of Toleration, February 313 Constantine Allowed religious freedom Did not alienate the pagan practices at first Returned land and gave generous donations. Allowed clerics important privileges Changed laws to be more Christian Passed on title of Supreme Pontiff

An Accepted Church What about Church leadership. We use to have four seats of leadership, now we have a pope! What s next..a council

An Accepted Church Council of Nicea 325 Called by Constantine to unify the church 300 bishops gathered Defined the nature of God We got a creed

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Athanasius (295-373) Drew parallels between Adam and others from the OT and Christ.

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Ephraem of Nisibis (306-373) God became man so that we might share in his immortality.

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Basil of Ceasarea (330-379) Organized charity (famine) Organized community living (monastic life) Concerned for unity and orthodoxy in the church

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Gregory of Nyssa (335-394) All will know that you are a Christian by the love you show for your neighbor

An Accepted Church Church Fathers John Chrysostom (354-407) Every Christian must be concerned for the salvation of his brothers

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Ambrose of Milan (333-397) Advice on prayer, pray often and pray alone Set up help for the poor Introduced hymn singing to the Western church

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Jerome (347-420) All will know that you are a Christian by the love you show for your neighbor. Revised the Latin text of the Bible (Vulgate)

An Accepted Church Church Fathers Augustine (354-430) St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo remains one of the most influential authors of church doctrine, and the continued transmission and relevance of his texts for almost 1600 years serve as witness to his broad influence. While the author of many works, he is most well known for his biographical Confessions and his master work The City of God

An Accepted Church Church Father: Benedict Founder of western monasticism, born at Nursia, c. 480; died at Monte Cassino in 543 Benedict was the son of a Roman noble of Nursia, a small town near Spoleto, and a tradition, which St. Bede accepts, makes him a twin with his sister Scholastica. His boyhood was spent in Rome, where he lived with his parents and attended the schools until he had reached his higher studies.

An Accepted Church Council of Chalcedon 451 two natures of Christ, Christ is one person in two natures. Primacy of the Bishop of Rome

When we put on Christ like a garment, we become other Christs to each other. How do you experience this?

As you have received Christ continue to live your lives in him, rooted and built up in him abounding in thanksgiving. Colossians 2:6

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 The Middle ages For the first three centuries Rome persecuted Christians Then for the next two, Rome and the Christian church blended. But the empire was very sick in the 500s

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Barbarian Invasions Monasticism and Missionary work Islam Papal States Holy Roman Empire

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 East West conflict War over icons Emperor Leo III (726) destroyed an icon. Language misunderstandings Close to Islam Purification of popular religion

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Church Fathers Cyril and Methodius The princes of the Slavs ask for master educators to teach them Christian ways. They did good work. Developed an alphabet for the Slavonic language that eventually became what is known as the Cyrillic today.

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 East West conflict The West or Roman Doctrine and faith were separated Changes in liturgy and standards were being developed and mandated. Celibacy was the norm (or at least married men renounced sexual relations with their wives. The East or Greek The ritual was faith in action. To change the liturgy meant changing faith Bishops and Monks were celibate but not the priests

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Christendom 1100-1300 Society and church intertwined Importance of the Papacy

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 The Papacy The Crusades Monasticism

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Sacraments for the average person Baptism Usually a few days after birth Everyone in western civilization was baptized Confession Required to confess at least once a year Eucharist Even the very pious received Eucharist only a few times in their life. Seeing the host elevated was believed to grant special virtues. Matrimony As of the 13 th century it becomes part of the seven sacraments Most did not understand the Latin ritual

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Religious education for the average person Most learned by osmosis Parents were to teach The Our Father The Ten Commandment Seven deadly sins Seven cardinal virtues Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit Seven sacrament Pilgrimages became important

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Religious Art Honor and devotion to God Education for the masses

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Challenge and defense (1100-1300) Defending the Holy Places Challenges Jews and discrimination (no, Hitler learned from us) Missions to China Anyone disagreeing with the church is a heretic. Some grass roots groups were seeking to find and live the truth, however with them being lay groups they didn t have proper supervision.

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Church Fathers Dominic 1170-1221 All the evidence goes to show that St. Dominic was a man of remarkable attractiveness of character and broadness of vision; he had the deepest compassion for every sort of human suffering. The order that he founded was a formative factor in the religious and intellectual life of later medieval Europe; its diffusion is now world-wide.

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Church Fathers Francis of Assisi 1181-1226 Born of a wealthy textile merchant. He heard the call and took on poverty bring Christ to the poor. He rebuilt the church at St. Damian. Many others joined him as fries dedicated to helping the needy and building the church.

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 Church Fathers Thomas Aquinas Born to an aristocratic family living in Roccasecca, Italy, Thomas Aquinas joined the Dominican order while studying philosophy and theology at Naples. Later he pursued additional studies in Paris where he was exposed to Aristotelean thought by Albert the Great and William of Moerbeke.

The Rise and Fall of Christendom 500-1500 The real world War One hundred year War Plague Over a third of Europeans died in the Black Death Death As people tried to explain their grief, they scapegoated the Jews

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Much of Europe is becoming nation states. Great militaries With the Great Schism and the conciliar crisis the papacy has lost some of it s power

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Martin Luther 1483- Martin was a monk Saw injustice in the church Talked with leadership and was ignored

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Luther s 95 theses 1517 1. Repent! 4. Penance remains while self hate remains 8. Penance can only be imposed on the living 27. Believed one can buy their way out of purgatory is wrong 50. The pope would not approve of the selling of indulgences. 62. The true measure of the church is the sacrosanct gospel of the glory and grace of God.

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Luther s 95 theses 1517 Faith and Works One can go to heaven with faith alone One can go to heaven with faith and good works

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect John Calvin Born to an upper middle class family in France, John Calvin emerged as one of the most important figures of the Reformation.

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect John Calvin Having studied for the priesthood at Paris in his youth, Calvin turned his attentions to civil and canon law in Orleans when his father became disaffected with the clergy. Calvin showed an early predilection for theology and for the study of Greek and Hebrew. Exposed to the ideas of Luther while he was still in Paris, Calvin's writing indicate that he had definitely moved into the Protestant camp by 1533. On November 1 of that year, he delivered a speech in which he attacked the established church and called for reforms.

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect The Church in England Although the other two looked at a change in theology. King Henry VIII wanted a divorce. Thomas More, July 6, 1535 was executed.

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Council of Trent 1545-1563 No council had ever achieve so much. It defined a large number of points of dogma which had never been precisely defined in the past and demanded reforms in all the areas of pastoral care.

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Decisions from the Council of Trent Holy Scripture is inspired Free will over justification There are seven sacraments and all instituted by Christ. The real presence in both the bread broken and in the cup shared. Mass must be celebrated in Latin and with an ordained clergy member

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Decisions from the Council of Trent There is a holy priesthood founded by Jesus. We must educate seminaries. One must marry in the presence of a parish priest

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Church Fathers St. Ignatius of Loyola was born in 1491 in Azpeitia in the Basque province of Guipuzcoa in northern Spain. He was the youngest of thirteen children.

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Church Mother St. Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) A doctor of the church a mystic Founded the many Carmelite convents

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Religious Revolution Church leadership More education Less power for the Pope exegesis Jansenism (heresy)

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Philosophical Revolution I think therefore I am Descartes Atheism A moral liberalism

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Scientific Revolution The sun and earth? Revolution Darwin Travel, missions Medical knowledge

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect Political Revolution: American and French 18 th century Separation of faith and power

The Reformation and Western Schism and it affect 1860 s Italy unites the whole peninsula Pope loses the Papal States: political power

First Vatican Council 1869-70 First Vatican Council God is not of the same substance as anything else The one true God can be seen in good works Science cannot answer everything Papal infallibility

Social Encyclicals Social Encyclicals Rerum Novarum, Pope Leo XIII May 15, 1891) For the workers

Ecumenical Movement begins 1900 s We were converted by our missionaries. We were forever changed by our wars We learned of other cultures.

Pope John XXIII 1959-63 was born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli at Sotto il Monte, Italy, in the Diocese of Bergamo on 25 November 1881. He was the fourth in a family of 14. The family worked as sharecroppers. He entered the Bergamo seminary in 1892. From 1901 to 1905 he was a student at the Pontifical Roman Seminary. On 10 August 1904 he was ordained a priest in the church of Santa Maria in Monte Santo in Rome's Piazza del Popolo. He was an elegant, profound, effective and sought-after preacher.

Pope John XXIII 1959-63 When Italy went to war in 1915 he was drafted as a sergeant in the medical corps and became a chaplain to wounded soldiers. When the war ended, he opened a "Student House" for the spiritual needs of young people. On 19 March 1925 he was ordained Bishop and left for Bulgaria. and abandonment to Jesus crucified. In 1935 he was named Apostolic Delegate in Turkey and Greece. When the Second World War broke out he was in Greece. He tried to get news from the prisoners of war to their families and assisted many Jews to escape by issuing "transit visas" from the Apostolic Delegation. In December 1944 Pius XII appointed him Nuncio in France. At the death of Pius XII he was elected Pope on 28 October 1958, taking the name John XXIII. His pontificate, which lasted less than five years, presented him to the entire world as an authentic image of the Good Shepherd. Pope John XXIII died on the evening of 3 June 1963, in a spirit of profound trust in Jesus and of longing for his embrace.

Second Vatican Council 1962-65 Dialogue with Catholic Dialogue with other Christians Dialogue with all people

Vatican II Vatican II is a revolution that can only be compared to Copernicus proving that the earth goes around the sun, not vice versa and its deepening of the Church s consciousness of who we really are. --Karl Rahner

Vatican II Religious Liberty All people are from one community There is hope for all people to be chosen by God. We must dialogue with the world

Pope Paul VI 1963-1978 Finished Vatican II Humanae Vitae www.vatican.va

Pope John Paul I 1978 The September Pope

Most traveled Most Saints named Most prolific writer Loved for a generation Pope John Paul II 1978-2005

Pope Benedict 2005-2013 Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Prefect of Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, President of the Pontifical Biblical Commission and International Theological Commission, Dean of the College of Cardinals, was born on 16 April 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Germany. He was ordained a priest on 29 June 1951.

Pope Benedict 2005-2013 From 1946 to 1951, the year in which he was ordained a priest and began to teach, he studied philosophy and theology at the University of Munich and at the higher school in Freising. In March 1977, Paul VI elected him Archbishop of Munich and Freising and on 28 May 1977 he was consecrated, the first diocesan priest after 80 years to take over the pastoral ministry of this large Bavarian diocese. On 25 November 1981 he was nominated by John Paul II Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith; President of the Biblical Commission and of the Pontifical International Theological Commission.

Pope Francis 2013- present Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina Bergoglio worked briefly as a chemical technician and nightclub bouncer before beginning seminary studies, He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1969 and from 1973 to 1979 was Argentina's Provincial superior of the Society of Jesus. He became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was created a cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II. Following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI on 28 February 2013, a papal conclave elected Bergoglio as his successor on 13 March. He chose Francis as his papal name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi. Francis is the first Jesuit pope, the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere and the first non-european pope since the Syrian Gregory III in 741, 1,272 years earlier.

One Holy Catholic and Apolistic Four Marks of the Church

ONE It is important for us Christians to remain in unity. Charity Profession of faith Common worship Succession of bishops and leadership

HOLY The church is founded in love, and only in love. And because of this, it is holy the holy people of God. The Spirit fills us with divine love calling us to be holy as God is holy. Love is the vocation which includes all others

CATHOLIC The church is Universal Where Christ is, there is the church Rome holds our various communities together Christians, baptized and faithful who live in a certain,but not quite complete communion with the Catholic church Orthodox churches this communion is so strong that shared Eucharist is possible.

CATHOLIC The church is Universal And those who have not received the Good News are also treated to the People of God. We are closely linked to the Jewish people because they were first to hear the Word. We are also connected with the Muslins of the world who share belief in one God, and who share the faith of Abraham

APOSTOLIC The church is strives to announce the Good News That God is Divine Love, That the Kingdom of God is near That God is revealed in Christ And that the Spirit of Love remains with us

APOSTOLIC The church is strives to announce the Good News That God is Divine Love, That the Kingdom of God is near That God is revealed in Christ And that the Spirit of Love remains with us

APOSTOLIC The church is strives to announce the Good News The church is connected to Jesus own apostles who were the first witnesses and were sent on mission The church hands on a living tradition of faith Through the bishops in union with the pope, the church continues to teach, make holy,and be guided by the Holy Spirit.

We Christians rejoice and celebrate our faith! What brings you joy and makes you sing?

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