Part I: Do I Know What I Read Daily!?

Lughatul-Qur'aan 1 Part I: Everyday Recitations 3 Part I: Do I Know What I Read Daily!? This part contains meanings of commonly recited Surahs, parts of Salah, and everyday prayers (du'aas). We recite them almost daily and Insha-Allah will keep reciting them as long as we live. It is sad that many of us don't spare even a few moments to understand their meanings. (Please note that from surah 101 onwards, towards the end of this book, meanings of almost all the words of each surah are given for ease of memorization). There are numerous benefits of working on these basics. Some of them (insha-allah) are: During the daily prayers, a Muslim on the average repeats about 150 to 200 Arabic words and numerous sentences. By memorizing this part, you will understand all of them. You will feel a difference in your attention and concentration during the prayers. You will have less disturbance and whispering from Shaitan during the prayers. And as a result, your attachment with Allah will increase during the prayers and as a whole in your life. It will serve as an excellent starting step towards understanding Qur'aan (or this Lughat). It will make you familiar with Arabic sentence structure and some Grammar indirectly.

Lughatul-Qur'aan 2 Part I: Everyday Recitations 2 õhñ íf¹ç áã @ @ãhð±ñ @ïaàãhéláêãdï±ï áè And we have indeed made the Qur'aan easy to understand and remember:

Lughatul-Qur'aan 3 Part I: Everyday Recitations 3 (1) Surah Al-Fatihah, Ayatal-Kursi and Some Last Surahs of the Holy Qur'aan ŽöŽ³Âó ÊÀ ŠØÌ ó ú Ê Ž É ßÈ the rejected. Žö Âó Most Merciful ú øšó à ó O È from Satan ÊÀ ø Âó The cherisher and sustainer (of the) worlds: Žú¾ ó Ê (the) day of judgment. ú à Èû aid we seek. ª øàû Thou has bestowed grace úoó Ô ó those who go astray. Most Beneficent ö Âó À ø Âó öè î ó The Master (of) Ƚ Ê Thine È and ú ÀMó È Â Ï (the) Way of those ŠóÈ (and) nor of with Allah Ê Ê Ê be to Allah Allah Žö Âó The Most Merciful; ¾ àû do we worship ö ì Èø ó (which is) straight, öž ŠôßÊ Ôäø ó Those whom wrath is (on them) I seek refuge ŽöÈŽ In the name (of) ¾ø óè Praise ÊÀ ø Âó The Most Gracious, Ƚ Ê Thee È Â Ðó û ¾ÿ the way ŽÂŠã not (of) Show us öž Šôß on them, Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž ó ÿ MóÊ þóê Šó É È The Ever Living but He, (There is) no God Allah! Æ û ŠóÈ ˆ ü Ç ÁŒÀ» «Šó É Šì ó nor sleep. No slumber can seize The Sustainer and Protector (of all that exists). ÊµÌ Š ó ç ÈÂ Ê È øèó ç on the earth. and the heavens þšó whatever is in To Him belongs þžûì Ž MóÊ Á¾ü ß Þ ŠèÌ ÌÄ ÀMó È ú with His permission? except with Him can intercede is he that Who

Lughatul-Qur'aan 4 Part I: Everyday Recitations ö Šè ô» È is behind them; and that which þ ø ô ßú Ç ÌŽ of His knowledge (with) anything öž ¾È ú öšôà within their own hands that which (is) He knows ÈÀŒØ Šó È they will never encompass and Ê È øèó þ Ç Â ŒïÞ ÇÈÂ È Ë øž MóÊ the heavens His chair encompasses (with) that which He wills. except ø ŒÜ è ÁÉ Œ Šó È guarding and preserving both of them. (He feels no fatigue) in and ö Üà ó ôà ó ÿèâ ÈµÌ Š ó È Supreme. The Most High, And He (is) Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž and the earth ÂÈ» èšó ÈÀ Èû ó MÀÊ ŽÂ Ðà ó È loss, is (surely) in Man Verily! Al-Asr (the time). By ÈÂ Ê ó Ðó È ü ú ÀMó MóÊ and righteous / good deeds and do believe those who except ŽÂ Ðó Ž Ï «È ê ó Ž Ï «to patience and constancy. and recommend one another to the truth, recommend one another Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž Þ ø³ ÌÄ ÀMó Ç Ä ønó Ç Ä øÿ Oò Œð Oó ˆò È has gathered Who (and) backbiter. slanderer to every Woe Á¾Šô»È þšó MÀÈ È will make him last forever! his wealth That He thinks ÁÈ ¾ ßM and counted it. ó wealth Ƚ Ì È È øšøœk ç MÀŠÀ üšó MôŠï (will) make you know And what the crushing Fire. into he will be thrown Nay, Verily, Þ ômø«leaps È ¾ ø Mó É ¾Šëø ó Ê É û Œ øšø ó which kindled, Allah, The Fire (of) what the crushing Fire is? ¾øß stretched forth. pillars In ç Æ ¾Ïš öž Šôß (shall be) closed on them, ûê Verily, it Ê ¾ çš ó Šôß over the hearts,

Lughatul-Qur'aan 5 Part I: Everyday Recitations Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž Žò è ó Ê ÏŠ î È ŠòàŠç the elephant? with the companions (of) your Lord dealt æšï  «öšó È how you seen Have not ŠòÇÌ È M ò ôô«ç öÿ¾šï òà öšóè And (He) sent (go) astray? their plot He make Didn't Ç È Ž öž  «òž È Â Š öž Šôß with stones Striking them in flocks, birds upon them ¾Œï æðàšï ö Šôà Šç eaten up (by cattle). like straw Then He made them Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž ò Çú of baked clay. Š Šô Ê öž ç ŠôÊ Ê Œë Ê» ŠôŽœ ó (with) the journeys their familiarity Quraish, For the familiarity (of) ª ó ŠÀ ÿ M È Ì¾ à ôšç House, this The Lord (of) so let them worship æð ó È and summer, - Ê Ìó (by) winter Ç»»ú ö ü MÂ Ç ³ú ö øà È ÌÄ ÀMó from fear. and secured them against hunger (has) fed them Who Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž Žú¾ó Ž the Judgment? É OÀ Šð denies ÌÄ ÀMó ª È È È the one who you seen Have ö ó Ņ ¾ ÌÄ ÀMó î ó ÀŠç the orphan, repulses (is) the one who Then such Žú ðè ø ó Ê àš Šôß Ò ŠóÈ the needy. (on) the feeding (of) encourage and (does) not öÿú ÀMó those who ÈÀÿ ÇöŽ «ŠôÏúß neglectful of their prayers, öÿú ÀMó úoôð ø ôoó ˆò Šç who (are) to the worshippers So woe ÈÀß ø ó ÈÀàüøÈ ÈÀÌÂÉ Â (even) small kindness / neighborly needs. and refuse to supply (want but) to be seen, Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž  Š Šð ó Ƚ üšøßè ûê Al-Kawthar. (We) have granted you Verily We

Lughatul-Qur'aan 6 Part I: Everyday Recitations  û È î  ó OòЊç and sacrifice. to your Lord Therefore pray  Š ó is the one without posterity. ÈÀ̾ ૾ ßÈ Šó you worship. ¾ ßÈ Whom I worship. that which I worship not ÿ îš Žû Ë MÀÊ he (will be) your detester, Verily, Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž ÈÀ̾Ž ß That are worshipping ÈÀÌÂÂ ç Šð ó È òœë disbelievers! O you Say: ö ûè Šó È nor you ö«¾ ß ¾ Ž ß ûè ŠóÈ you worshipped. of that which a worshipper And I am not ¾ ßÈ ÈÀ̾Ž ß ö ûè ŠóÈ And I worship. That Whom worshipping / will worship you And nor (are) ŽúÊ óèâ öœð üê öœðšó my religion. and to me your religion To you (be) Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž Šè ó ÈÂ Ê Â Ðû È ³ È Ê and the Victory (of Makkah), the Help of Allah, comes When ³ çè Ê ŽúÊ ç ÈÀŒô» ¾ Ȳ üó ª È È È in crowds / troops, Allah (in) the religion (of) enter the people and thou does see î È ¾ø Ž ÈŠç your Lord with the praises (of) then celebrate / hymn «ÈÀ Šï þûê ÉÁ èä Ç È Oft-Returning (in forgiveness). Lo! He is and seek forgive-ness from Him. Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž «M ŠóŽ È ¾ ª «and he Perished! Abi-Lahab! the two hands (of) Perished (are) È þœó þüß ü ãè and (from) his wealth to him Profit / relief No

Lughatul-Qur'aan 7 Part I: Everyday Recitations Å û ŠôÐÇ ÈŠï a fire Soon will he be (burned) in he gained; (all) that Ž ŠØ ó the firewood. Š Šó ø þ«è  Ë ŠóÈ È the carrier (of) his wife and of blazing flame; ¾È ú ˆò ÿ ¾Ž³ ç twisted palm-fiber. of a rope her neck (will be) In Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž É È ¾ È É ÿ òœë Allah, The One; Allah, He (is) Say: ¾Šó öšó was He begotten; nor È ¾ ôöšó ¾øÐó and He did neither beget the Eternal, Absolute; ¾ È ŒèŒï þmó úœðöšó È none like unto Him. (there) was/is Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž and Â Ë ú ŽêŠôŠè ó O  Ž ßÈ òœë the mischief (of) from the Dawn, with the Lord (of) I seek refuge Say È Ê as ¾Šìà ó ç ê Ç Šã Â Ë ú È êšô» on the knots. darkness (the) mischief (of) And from (He) created. that which Ê Š Mèü ó  Ëú È ŠëÈ those who blow and from (the) mischief it overspreads; ¾È È Ê ¾ Ç Â Ëú È he practices envy. as / when the envious And from (the) mischief (of) Žö  ó ÊÀ ø Âó Ê Žö È Ž ʲ üó î ô ʲ üó O  Ž ßÈ òœë Mankind; The King (of) mankind; with the Lord / cherisher (of) I seek refuge Say ʲ Ç ó  Ëú ʲ üó þóê the whisperer from (the) mischief (of) the God of Mankind, É²Ç ÌÄ ÀMóÈ Ê² ü¼ ó whispers who the withdrawer after whispering, -

Lughatul-Qur'aan 8 Part I: Everyday Recitations ʲ üó È üž ó ú ʲ üó Ê ÌÂ¾Ï ç and (among) humans. Among Jinns human beings, - into the chests / hearts (of) (2) Azkar and Prayers Related to Salah ***** Prayer before starting ablution (Wudu) ***** ŽöŽ³Âó ÊÀ ŠØÌ ó ú Ê Ž É ßÈ the rejected. Žö Âó from Satan ÊÀ ø Âó with Allah Ê I seek refuge ŽöÈŽ Most Merciful Most Beneficent Allah In the name (of) ***** Prayer before finishing ablution (Wudu) ***** ¾ ËÈ È and I bear witness Žü ôà³ make me ö ôóè O Allah, úžâ ŠØ ø ó É MóÊ except Allah, þœóçè È and his messenger. ú þóê god Mó no Á¾ ß his slave Žü ôà³ È ÌÀÈ that (there is) ¾ø ¾ ËÈ I bear witness Muhammad (pbuh) (is) úž ó ú those who purify themselves. among and make me those who repent among *** Some parts from Adhan, Iqamah, and the associated prayers *** a ŠôŠè ó Šôß Come to the prosperity. a ü ó ú than sleep. aê Ž with Allah. Â»É ŠôÐóÈ Prayer is better MóÊ except a È È È a ŠôÐ ó Šôß to the Prayer. Come a ŠôÐ ó ª Šë the Prayer is established. È Œë ŠóÈ and no might É ŠëÈ aâ ïè É È Allah is the greatest. ¾Šë Indeed Ⱦ Šó No power and keep it forever. May Allah establish it ***** Prayer after hearing a complete Adhan ***** ø Ÿ Šì ó Ê ŠôÐóÈ (of the) prayer (that is) established, Š Šô ÔŠè ó È and the virtue Š Šô Ç ó È and the right of intercession ó Ê ß¾ó the perfect call ÊÀ ¾ø ÊÁ À ÿ this Muhammad (pbuh) M È Lord (of) MÀÈ that ö ôóè Ê O Allah Give / grant

Lughatul-Qur'aan 9 Part I: Everyday Recitations þ«¾ßèâ ÌÄ ÀMó You promised. ÊÀ È ø Šì þ à È which the position of glory and raise him up to ***** Prayer before start *****  ŠØŠç ÌÄ ÀMô ó Ž ³È ª ³È ûê created for The One Who my face (I) directed I truly èžü sincerely; ú ïžâ Ìø ó the polytheists. ÈµÌ Š ó ÈÂ Ê È øèó and the earth the heavens ú ûè M from among ***** Sana ***** I am not And îøç È½È «È Ƚ ¾ø Ž È ö ôó îû Ç Your Name; And blessed is And with Your praise; O Allah; Glorified are You Ƚ Šã þ óê ŠóÈ Ƚ¾ ³ Šó à«èâ other than You. and (there is) no deity And high is Your majesty; ***** Things pronounced When bowing / raising up ***** úø ó É È Þ øç ö Üà ó È ÈÀ Ç to the one who Allah listens The Magnificent. my Lord Glory be to ¾ø ó îšóèâ ü È Á¾ ø (be) all the praise. [and] to You Our Lord praised Him. ***** The Adhkaar of Sujood (Prostration) ***** Šôߊ ó È ÈÀ Ç The Exalted. my Lord Glory be to aªüšôßè ÈÂ É Ì Â ÇÈ ó  è ã ö ôóè I have done openly. and what I have concealed what (sins) forgive (for) me ***** Prayer while sitting between the two Sajdahs ***** O Allah Žû ¾ÿ È Žüø Ì È ó  è ã ö ôóè And guide me; And have mercy on me; Forgive me; O Allah Žü ç ßÈ Žû ³ È And pardon me; And strengthen me;

Lughatul-Qur'aan 10 Part I: Everyday Recitations ŽüàŠçÌ È Žü ëé±ì È And raise my rank; And give me rizq. ***** Tashahhud ***** É MØ ó ÈÂ É ŠôÐó ÈÂ Ê Ê É óè and pure words. and prayers (due) to Allah All compliments þ«šïâ ÈÂ Ê ª ø È È Ž üó È îšôß É ŠôÈóÈ and His blessings. and the mercy of Allah O Prophet (be) on you Peace ú ó Ðó Ê Ê ß Šôß È üšôß É ŠôÈóÈ the righteous ones. the the slaves of Allah, and on (be) on us Peace É MóÊ þóê Mó ÌÀÈ ¾ ËÈ except Allah; (there is) no deity I bear witness that þœóçè È Á¾ ß ¾ø MÀÈ ¾ ËÈ È and His Messenger. His slave Muhammad (is) And I bear witness that ***** Durood (Sending prayers on the Prophet, pbuh) ***** ¾ø ʾ ŠôßÈ ¾ø Šôß Oò Ï ö ôóè the family (of) Muhammad; And on on Muhammad; send peace O Allah ö ÿ Â Ê Ê¾ ŠôßÈ ö ÿ Â Ê Šôß ª MôÏ øšï Ibrahim. the family (of) And on on Ibrahim; As You sent peace ¾ Ž ¾ ø îûê full of glory. worthy of praise Indeed You are ¾ø ʾ ŠôßÈ ¾ø Šôß Ì½Ê ö ôóè Muhammad; the family (of) And on on Muhammad; send blessings O Allah ö ÿ Â Ê Ê¾ ŠôßÈ ö ÿ Â Ê Šôß ª ïè øšï Ibrahim. And on the family (of) on Ibrahim; You sent blessings As ¾ Ž ¾ ø îûê full of glory. worthy of praise, You are indeed ***** Prayer after Durood / before the Ending Salam ***** Ê ŠÀßú îž É ßÈ ûê from the punishment (of) with You ö ôóè (I) seek refuge I truly O Allah

Lughatul-Qur'aan 11 Part I: Everyday Recitations ø ó the living ü ç ú È the trials (of) and from ʾ ³¾ó Ž ÊÈø ó ü ç öü ³ Hellfire Ê ŠÀßú È and from the punishment (of)  Ëú È ŽÂ Šì ó the grave Ê øø ó È the False Christ evil (trials) (of) and from and the dying ***** Another prayer after Durood / before salam *****  Šï ø ôœû with excessive wrongs; óâ è ã Šç So forgive (for) me (my sins) Žüø Ì È ÊÈ èû myself and have mercy on me. ö  ó the Most Merciful. É ŠôÈó the peace; Ê Â ï ó È and honor / dignity. î «È ßŽúÈ È and to perfectly worship You. Ø à one who (can) give ª ûè MóÊ except You; ª øšôšû have wronged È û NÀó É Œèä ó the sins the Oft-Forgiving ûê I Indeed  èä (can) forgive Ƚ ¾ü ßú Å Â èä out of Your forgiveness ***** Some prayers after Salah *****  èä ÇÈ Â èä ÇÈ Â èä ÇÈ I ask Allah for (His) forgiveness --- 3 times. îü È And from You (is) ŠóÈ And no ʾŠj È É ŠôÈó ª ûè You are the peace; O possessor of glory / majesty ȽŽÂ ð ËÈ and to thank You ª ŠØßÈ You gave; ¾ ó È Þ Šèü ŠóÈ ø ó that which ȽŽÂ ïê ôß to remember You Þ Žû ª ûè îûê ö ôóè O Allah ŠóM and none Truly, You (are) ö ôóè O Allah ª ïè «You're blessed ü ßÈ help us one who (can) prevent ª àü And a person with high rank can not benefit (himself or another) You prevented; ¾ ó îü (from his high rank) against Your will. Šó no ö ôóè O Allah ö ôóè O Allah ø ó that which

Lughatul-Qur'aan 12 Part I: Everyday Recitations ***** Du'aa-al-Qunoot ***** Ƚ èä Èû È îü à Èû ûê ö ôóè we seek Your forgiveness and (we) ask You for help we truly O Allah îšôßœò Mï ûèâ îž ú šûèâ and we have trust in You in You and we believe Ƚ Œð ÌûÈ þnôœïâ ¼ ó îšôßžü ûèâ and we thank You (in) the best of all (ways). and we praise You ɽ ûèâ Þ Šô¼ûÈ Ƚ Œè ð û ŠóÈ and turn away (from) And we forsake and we are not ungrateful to You. ¾ àû Ƚ Ê ö ôóè Ƚ èú we worship You only O Allah one who disobeys You. àèû îšóê È ¾ ÈûÈ OôÐ û îšóèâ we run And towards You and we prostrate. we pray and to You î ŠÀß Ì¼ûÈ î ø È ³  ûèâ ¾ è ûèâ Your punishment. and we fear (to receive) Your mercy and we beg and we serve, ê ô Ê MèŒð ó Ž î ŠÀß MÀÊ will strike the unbelievers. Your punishment ***** Another prayer (Du'aa-al-Qunoot ) ***** Surely úø ç Žü ç ßÈ ª ¾ÿ úø ç Žû ¾ÿ ö ôóè with/among those and pardon me You have guided; among those O Allah guide me úø ç ŽüMó «with / among those Protect me / turn on me (with mercy) øšç óì½ê È ª Mó «È ª Šç ß and You have pardoned in what and bless me You have protected / on whom You have turned (in mercy); ª ÔŠë Â Ë Žü ëèâ ª ŠØßÈ what You have decreed; (the) evil (of) and save me (from) You have given îšôß Ô ì ŠóÈ and none can decide against You; ª Šó ÈÂú whom You have befriended/ turned towards in mercy; Ô ì«îûê Indeed You decree N¾ À Šó þûê Surely he (is) not humiliated

Lughatul-Qur'aan 13 Part I: Everyday Recitations ª È ßú whom You have shown enmity against /opposed; ª Šó à«èâ and You are exalted / sublime. ü È our Lord Ä à ŠóÈ and no one is honored ª ïè «Blessed are You (3) Azkar & Du'aas recited during the Day ***** Sayyidul Istighfar ***** ª ûè MóÊ þóê Šó È ª ûè ö ôóè except You There is no deity. my Lord. You (are) O Allah Ƚ ¾ ß Šôß faithful to the pledge (of devotion) ûè È Ƚ¾ ß ûè È Žü ìšô» And I (am) and I am your slave. You created me îž É ßÈ ª àšø Ç È½ ¾ßÈÂÈ with You I seek refuge to the best of my capability. and promise which I have given to You ª àüï Â Ë ú I did (of my sins) that which against the evil (fearful consequences) of Ž û ŠÀŽ É È È Šôß î øàžüž my sins. I confess and on me ª ûè MóÊ except You. È û NÀó the sins  èä Šó îšó É È all Your bounties for You I acknowledge þû Šç óâ è ã Šç None (can) forgive Verily Hence, (O Allah) forgive me (my sins); ***** Before sleep ***** È ÈÂ É È î øç Ž ö ôóè and I live. I die in Your name O Allah ***** Before sleep (Another prayer) ***** È½È ß Œ à «È î ŠÀß Your slaves. on the day You will raise Žü ë ö ôóè (from) your punishment save / protect me O Allah þàšçì È îž È Ž ü³ ª àóèâ È î øç Ž I raise it up; and by You my side, I placed my Lord in Your name ôçì È ÌÀÊ È ø Ì Šç ÊÈ èû ª ðè È ÌÀÊ You send it back, And if then have mercy on it. my soul You hold If

Lughatul-Qur'aan 14 Part I: Everyday Recitations ú ó Ð ó È½È ß Your pious slaves. û È gave us life É Ì üó (is) the resurrection. îž with You ÿì È removed ÌÄ ÀMó Ž ŒÚ Šè «øž with what You does guard ***** After getting up ***** Who þšóê È and to Him. Ê Ê to Allah ÜŠè Šç ¾ø óè then guard it All praise and thanksgiving (be) ü«è (He had) given us death ***** While entering bathroom / toilet ***** É ßÈ seek refuge Ÿ Ž ¼ ó È ¼ ó ûê Verily, I the foul male and female devils / evil and all malicious things. ***** When coming out of bathroom / toilet ***** ÌÄ ÀMó who Žû Šç ßÈÂ Ê Ê for Allah ¾ø óè All praise (is) à Š ó îû  èœã ¾à ö ôóè after O Allah ú from (O Allah, I ask) Your forgiveness. and kept me in health. suffering / injurious things / pollution ***** At the time of donning a new garment ***** þžüšëè±è È ŠÀÿ Žû ÈŠï ÌÄ ÀMó þ ô ó ¾ø óè ü ß from me and provided me (with) it clothed me (with) this to Allah Who All praise and thanksgiving (be) Ç Œë any might/ strength. Á» È and its end. û ŠìÇ È and gave us to drink Šó È þšómâè ç ú ø ôèø ó the Muslims. in its beginning ü Ǿ [and] nor from me any power ***** At the beginning of meal ***** üøà È fed us þ ô ó ŽöÈŽ In the name (of) Allah ***** At the end of meal ***** ÌÄ ÀMó Who Ê Ê to Allah ú from (among) or if one forgets to say in the start, then ¾ø óè ŽÂŠã ú (from) without Ê ŽöÈŽ All praise and thanksgiving (be) üšôà³ È and made us

Lughatul-Qur'aan 15 Part I: Everyday Recitations ***** Leaving house ***** Ⱦ Šó Ê Šôß ª ômï «Ê ŽöÈŽ There is no strength upon Allah. I trusted /relied In the name of Allah îž É ßÈ ûê ö ôóè Ê Ž MóÊ È Œë Šó È seek refuge with You O Allah I truly except with Allah. and no power ö ô ÛÈ ÌÂÈ Mò ÓÉ ÌÂÈ Mò ÓÈ ÌÀÈ or I do wrong or be astrayed (by others); lest I go astray, Šôߊò ÌÂÈ Šò ³È ÌÂÈ öšô ÛÉ ÌÂÈ or (anyone) should act foolishly with me. or I act foolishly or I be wronged; ***** When Entering house ***** îœôš ÇÈ ûê ö ôóè beg of You Verily I O Allah Ê«Â ¼ø ó » È (my) going out. the good (of) and Ž² ó ø ó » (my) entrance, the good (of) ü³â» Ê ŽöÈŽ È ü ŠóÈÂ Ê ŽöÈŽ we came out And in the name of Allah we entered; In the name of Allah ü ômï«we did resign (trust & depend). our Lord ***** While Entering Mosque ***** Ê Ê¾ÇÈ Šôß (be) upon the Messenger of Allah. ü È Ê ŠôßÈ and on Allah, É ŠôÈó ÈÂ É ŠôÐó ÈÂ Ê ŽöÈŽ and peace And Blessings In the name (of) Allah; î ø È È È ó ç ö ôóè Your mercy. the gates (of) for me O Allah! Open ***** When Coming forth from the Mosque ***** î ôôšç ú îœôš ÇÈ ûê ö ôóè from Your bounty. ask You I truly O Allah ***** When getting up from a group discussion / company ***** þóê Mó there is no deity ÌÀÈ ¾ ËÈ È½ ¾ø Ž È ö MôóÈ îû Ç I witness that and with Your praise, O Allah; Glory be to You

Lughatul-Qur'aan 16 Part I: Everyday Recitations îšóê É «È È Ƚ èä ÇÈ ª ûè MóÊ to You. and I turn in repentence I seek Your forgiveness but You. ***** When Riding ***** üœï È ŠÀ ÿ üšó  ¼Ç ÌÄ ÀMó ÈÀ Ç while we were not for us this (ride) made subservient Glory be to (Him) Who À ôšìüøšó ü È DÊ ûê È úžû ŽÂ ì þšó indeed are to return. to our Lord and verily we able to control it; ***** Said at the end of speech / meeting / activity ***** ¾ø ó ÊÀÈ û ßÈ Â» È all praise & thanksgiving that Our concluding supplication (is) þóê Šó ú øšó à ó O È Ê Ê The Lord of the universe belong to Allah, ***** Said upon rising / retiring and after every Salah ***** ÌÄ ÀMó Ê Â èä ÇÈ there is no deity The One, (for whom) I seek the forgive-ness of Allah É Šì ó óè ÿ MóÊ The Sustainer and The Protector, The Ever Living except Him þšóê É «È È to Him. and I turn in repentance ***** Prayers on visiting the sick ***** æë È ʲ üó M È È² ó Ž ÿì È and heal! O Lord (of) mankind, this harm / ailment Remove MóÊ È Šè Ë Šó ç Ìó ª ûè except Healing (There is) no the healer. You (are) ø ìç É Ê ä Mó Å Šè Ë È½É Šè Ë any sickness. (that will) not leave behind A healing Your healing. ***** Prayers on visiting the sick ***** î èììàè ʳÂà ó M È to cure you. Lord of the throne ö Üà ó È ŒòŠ ÇÈ Allah, the Supreme, ***** After hearing bad news ***** I ask

Lughatul-Qur'aan 17 Part I: Everyday Recitations þšóê unto Him Ð ç in my affliction ü » than this (affliction). öœðšóèâ üšó us and you. ŽÂ Š ó Ž (are) at your heels. þü à Èû we ask for His aid É Â èä May Allah forgive Ê Ž É àûèâ ûê È and Verily! We Žû  ³Ì reward me Ê Ê ö ôóè are for Allah O Allah, ó (with something) better (for) me ***** On visiting the graves ***** ú û È and we Ê Œì ó ŠòÿÈ O dwellers of these graves! üœè ôç (are) our forerunners ***** Start of Friday prayers ***** Ê Ê ¾ø ó MÀÊ due to Allah, and we seek refuge with Allah þšómò Ô ŠôŠç no one can lead him astray; þšóèäê ÿ ŠôŠç É ÊÁ ¾ ú Whosoever Allah guides þ ô ôô ûê Verily! We ÀàŽ³ È (are) to return. æœô» È and requite öœðšôßé ŠôÈó Peace (be) on you, ö ûè You Verily, All praise and thanksgiving (are) Á èä ÈûÈ and we beseech forgiveness from Him üêèœèûè Our selves no one can put him on the straight path He deflects, ***** Common sayings ***** Ê Ê¾ø ó All praises & thanks-giving are due to Allah Ƚ Ä ³È & reward you (the same) Ê ÊÀ È Šç In response to that, one should say: May you be in the protection of Allah  èä ÇÈ I seek forgiveness from Allah È Ë As Allah wills Ê Ì Ëú against the evils (of) ú È and whomsoever Ê ŽöÈŽ In the name of Allah Â»É È½ Ä ³ May Allah reward you with good î çé È½È May Allah give bless you. Ž É àû È ËÌÀÊ If Allah wills We seek refuge with Allah

18 Arabic Grammar APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part. 1. Subject and Predicate 19 2. Masculine and Feminine Genders 20 3. Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural 22 4. Adjective and its Noun 23 5. The Possessive Case or Genitive 24 6. Interrogatives 26 7. Pronouns 26 8. The Prepositions 29 9. Subject, Verb, and Object 30 10. The Tense 31 10a. Past Tense 31 10b. Imperfect Tense 34 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative 37 10d. Derived Forms of the verb 42 18

19 Arabic Grammar 1. Subject and Predicate » ¾ Allah is creator. Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet. Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles) The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called ¾ and » in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( Æ ) on each of these words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen ( Æ ) is also known as double pesh or double dhammah. Allah is creator. Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet. Tariq is a Mujahid. ê ó»é È Ž û¾ø ¾ ÿ Æ¼Ê Š ************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************ creator ê ó» big ZŽ Šï religion úê prophet Ž û mg. slave ¾ ß one ¾ È one who ¾ ÿ pious ó Ï scholar ö ó ß struggles house ª truthful Æ¼Ê Ï ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 ======================= Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The house is big. The slave is pious. ZŽ Šïª óè ó Ͼ à ó The Muslim is truthful. Æ¼Ê Ïö ôèø óè Islam is a religion. Allah is one. Javeed is a scholar úê É ŠôÇ óè ¾ ÈÂÉ È ö ó ߾ʠ³ 19

20 Arabic Grammar 2. Masculine and Feminine Genders ûš ÈÂÂMïŠÀ You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., ˆò ø³ for a boy and ˆ Šô ø³ for a girl. There lies the rule. Just put at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular). For example, ˆ ïè ïè ˆ ó Ï ó Ï Æ ¾ Ë È ¾ Ë È ˆ ü š ú š Æ ¾Ž ß ¾Ž ß ¾ ó» ¾ ó» Notes: 1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common gender in Arabic. 2. A common sign of a feminine word is (in general) as the last letter of the word. 3. To make a specific reference, we put Ì¾È in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put "the" in front of a common noun in English. When Ì¾È is attached to an Arabic word, we remove one of É (dhamma or pesh) from the two Æ (Tanveen or double pesh). For example, ɾÇÂóÈ Æ¾ÇÈ ÉÀŠ Èû óè ÆÀ ÈûÊ ¾ø óè ¾ø 4. Occasionally, the prefix Ì¾È is used to imply generality also. For e.g., À Èû óè (the human being). 5. If the ¾º (subject) is feminine, then its  º» (predicate) will also be feminine. For example, ó ÏÉ Š óè ˆ ó ÏN Œ óè Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following lesson. 20

21 Arabic Grammar ************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************ mg. small Z äï uncle (mother's brother) ƾ» mg. beautiful ˆò ø³ fg. small Æ Z äï aunt (mother's sister) ˆ Šó» fg. beautiful ˆ Šô ø³ mg. big ZŽ Šï mg. truthful Æ¼Ê Ï son ú Ê fg. big Æ ZŽ Šï brother Æ È daughter ªüŽ mg. intelligent ïè mg. worshipper ¾Ž ß father Æ È uncle (father's brother) öß fg. worshipper Æ ¾Ž ß mother K É aunt (father's sister) ˆ øß sister ª»É ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 ======================= Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The son is beautiful. ˆò ø³ú óè The daughter is beautiful.ˆ Šô ø³ªüž óè The father is pious. The mother is pious. The uncle is big. The aunt is big. ó ÏÉ Š óè ˆ ó ÏN Œ óè ZŽ Šïöà óè Æ ZŽ ŠïŒ øà óè The brother is intelligent. The sister is intelligent. The uncle is truthful. The aunt is truthful. The son is small. The daughter is small. ï É Š óè ˆ ïè ª»Œ óè Æ¼Ê Ïɾ ¼ óè ˆ ŠëÊ ÏŒ Šó ¼ óè Z äïú Žœ óè Æ Z äïªüž óè 21

22 Arabic Grammar 3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø³ Žü «¾ È There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes, dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic. Solid Plural (ö ó ºÇÞf ) and Broken Plural ( ZÊÈ ð«þf ). The plural form depends upon the context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only): 'Aaraab forms Plural Dual Singular Gender mg. Œç with Dhamma ( É- ); ÈÀø ôè ÊÀ ø ôè ö ôè when used as subject Ç ø ôè ÊÀ ø ôè ˆ ø ôè fg. Ðü with Fatha (È- ); Ž[ ø ôè Žúø ôè ö ôè mg. when used as object Ç ø ôè Žú ø ôè ø ôè fg. Ì with Kasra ( Ê- ); Ž[ ø ôè Žúø ôè ö ôè mg. when the noun is used with preposition Ç ø ôè Žú ø ôè ø ôè fg. ******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ******************* Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the following words (both for masculine and feminine case): hypocrite ê ç ü believer ú š disbeliever Â ç Šï patient ÂŽ Ï helper Â Ï û worshipper ¾Ž ß scholar ö ó ß one who struggles ¾ ÿ one who  ï È remembers pious ó Ï killer ˆò «Šë truthful Æ¼Ê Ï protector ˆÚ ç one who prostrates ¾Ž³ Ç prophet Ž û 22

23 Arabic Grammar 4. Adjective and its Noun»Ï  Šè Ï Look at the following phrases and their translations: a true Muslim a small book a big mosque Æ¼Ê Ïö ôè Z äïæ ï ZŽ Šï¾Ž È a pious person a trustworthy uncle a beautiful house ó ψò³È [ È Æ¾» ˆò ø³ª These phrases are said to be composed of ººŠè Ï (adjective) and»ï (the noun of the adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim ö ôè and then true ¼Ê ºÏ ) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them. The tanveen could be Å or Ç or Æ depending upon the context in which this phrase is used. The rules are similar to those of » ¾ (subject and predicate) except that in case of Šè Ï»Ï Â : 1: The order of the words is reversed; and 2: If the first word is attached with ̾È, then the second will also have Ì¾È attached to it. For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have: the true Muslim the small book the big mosque É¼Ê Ð ó ö ôèø óè Z äð ó É ð óè ZŽ Šð ó ¾Ž Èø óè the pious person the trustworthy uncle the beautiful house ó Ð ó Œò³Â óè [ Š ó ɾ ¼ óè Œò ø ó ª óè And remember, as in case of » ¾ (subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine, the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with respect to each other. For example: the true Muslim man the true Muslim men É¼Ê Ð ó ö ôèø óè ÈÀŒëÊ Ð ó ÈÀø ôèø óè the true Muslim woman the true Muslim women Œ ŠëÊ Ð ó Œ ø ôèø óè É ŠëÊ Ð ó É ø ôèø óè 23

24 Arabic Grammar ==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ==================== Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction for a simple sentence ( »È ¾ ) and for adjective and its noun (»Ï È Šè Ï ). The house is big. ZŽ Šïª óè the big house Z Ž Šð ó ª óè The slave is the pious slave ó Ͼ à óè pious. ó Ð ó ¾ à óè The Muslim is the truthful Æ¼Ê Ïö ôèø óè truthful. Muslim É¼Ê Ðó ö ôèø óè The path is the straight path ö ì È É ÂÐóÈ straight. ö ì Èø ó É ÂÐóÈ The uncle is the pious uncle ó Ïö à óè pious. ó Ð ó ö àóè The aunt is pious. ˆ ó ÏŒ Šó ¼ óè the pious aunt Œ ó Ðó Œ Šó ¼ óè 5. The Possessive Case or Genitive þšó» Ô Â» Ô Look at the following phrases and their translations: Notes: the creation of Allah the nation of Hud Ê ê ô» Ç ÿé Šë the house of Allah the call of the prophet Ê ª ʾÇÂó É ßÈ the command of the Qur'an ÊÀ ÂŒì ó ö ð the creation of Allah Ê ê ô» 1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word. 2. As usual, if the second word has ¾È attached with it, then instead of double kasra ( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word. 3. The first noun êº ô» in the sentence Ê ê ô» is called» Ô. The second noun Ê is called þó» Ô, which should always be a proper noun. 24

25 Arabic Grammar 4. In Arabic the construction of» Ô and þó» Ô automatically takes care of the " 's " or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples. 5. The construction of» ººÔ and þó» Ô automatically implies specific person or thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase. *********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 *********************** grance rebellion the people house ˆò Ô Šç ÆÀ äœ É² üóè Æ È hereafter Æ Â» food sinner Æ àš ö È day judgement to establish the prayer to obey parents earth Æ úê ˆ ŠëÊ É ŠôÐóÈ ˆ ß Š Ê Žú¾ ó ÊÂ ÆµÌ È words way, system messenger doubt Æ ŠôŠï ˆ üç ƾÇÈ È human being ÆÀ ÈûÊ remembrance  ïê the most beneficent úø È ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. the establishment of the words of Allah Ê ŠôÐó Œ ŠëÊ prayer Ê É ŠôŠï the obedience to the book of Allah Žú¾ ó ó Œ ß Š Ê parents Ê É Š ï the earth of Allah the way of the Ê ÉµÌ È messenger ʾÇÂó Œ üç the rebellion of the the doubt of the ʲ üó ÉÀ äœ people human being ÊÀ ÈûŽœ ó È the house of the the remembrance of Ê Â» ó É È hereafter the most Beneficent. úø Âó  ïê the food of the the grace of Allah Žö Š ó É àš sinner Ê ŒòÔŠç the house of Hamid the day of judgement ¾ ª Žú¾ó É 25

26 Arabic Grammar 6. Interrogatives è Ç Â When Where U úè Who What ú È Why È ø ó Which (masculine) NÄÈ How much, How many öšï Which (feminine) ˆ È Is? Am? Are? Do? È òÿ How æšï Have? 7. Pronouns  Ÿ øó Relative Pronoun ¾Ïø ó öçê 7a. Relative Pronouns Demonstrative Pronoun È Ë ó öçê (The one) who Ä ÀMóÈ That î ó This Àÿ sr. (The two) who (Those) who ÊÀ ŠÀMóÈ ú ÀMóÈ Those (two) îžû Those (more than two) î óâé Number Gender These (two) ÊÀ ŠÀÿ dl. mg. These (more than two) (The one) who MóÈ That î ô «This ÊÁ Àÿ sr. (The two) who (Those) who ÊÀ MóÈ «MóÈ Those (two) Those (more than two) îžû «î óâé šÿ pl. These (two) ÊÀ «ÿ dl. fg. These (more than two) šÿ pl. 26

27 Arabic Grammar his book their house Examples on pronouns 7b. Personal and Possessive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Personal Pronouns No. þ Šï his Á he ÿ sr. ø their (of two) øÿ they two øÿ dl. mg. their belief ö û {Ê their öÿ they öÿ pl. Gender Person her mother É her ÿ she ÿ sr. person ø øÿ their house their (of two) they two øÿ dl. fg. their house ú their úÿ they úÿ pl. your book î ï your Ƚ you ªûÈ sr. øœð your house your messenger your (of two) øœï you two ø ûè dl. mg. öœðœóçè you öœï you all ö ûè pl 2 nd your house î your ʽ you ªûÈ sr. person your book øœð ï your (of øœï you ø ûè dl. fg. two two) your house úœð your úœï you all ú ûè pl. my book gave me rizq Ž ï ŽüŠë±È my me Ä Žû I ûè sr. our book ü ï our û we ú û dl., pl. mg. fg. mg., fg. 3rd 1st person NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an. 27

28 Arabic Grammar ************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************ Companions Æ ÏÈ hearing ÞøÇ and È Shop ÆÀ MïÉ from ú son ú relatives I helped Sustainer, Lord ˆòÿÈ É ÂÐû K È for Verily tongue Ⱦ ʾ MÀÊ À È ó ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 ======================= He is a Muslim. I am a believer. your tongue my son I helped him from you towards us towards them (males) from you our Lord your Lord our messenger ö ôè ÿ ú š ûè öœðû È ó Žü Ê þ«âðû îü üóê öž ŠóÊ îü ü È öœð È üœóçè You are a scholar. She is righteous. for him towards me towards them (females) for us verily you (males) your hearing verily we my house for them my relatives ö ó ߪûÈ ˆ ó Ï ÿ þšó ŠóÊ úž ŠóÊ üšó öœðûê öœðàøç üûê ø Šó ôÿè 28

29 Arabic Grammar 8. The Preposition ³»Â Prepositions in ç from ú on like about Šôß È½ úß with Ê for towards until ʾ ŠóÊ by (of oath) È Examples of Prepositions / usage in a house We read from the Qur'an. on a mountain like a man ª ç ÊÀ ÂŒì ó ú ûì Šë ò ³Šôß ò³âšï I heard ¾Ž Èø ó çê ŠôÐó Žúߪà øç about Prayer in the Masjid I enetered with security for people towards a city until the day-break By Allah Ç ŠôÈŽ ª ô»è ʲ üô ó ¾Šô ŠóÊ ŽÂ Šè ó ŽÞŠô Ø Ê È Rules of using Prepositions: 1. These words are used as connectors. 2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ), is placed on the last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È is attached with it). 29

30 Arabic Grammar 9. Subject ò ß Šç, Verb òàšç, and Object ¾à è In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subject and the object. A Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( -Å ) is placed on the object. Look at the following examples: Hameed read the Qur'an. û ÂŒë¾ ø È ÂŠë Iqbal wrote a book. ïæ¾ ëê Šï In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 ************************* read wrote cheated È ÂŠë Šï È ¾» made separated water ŠòೠȼŠç Æ created collected wealth, means êšô» Þø³ ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. Allah made Muhammad óçm ¾ø É Šòà³ (pbuh) a messenger. Allah created the people. Allah revealed the book. The Satan cheacter the man. We parted the sea. Ȳ üó É êšô» ïé ȾÄûÈ ÈÀ Èû ó ÉÀ ŠØÌó È ¾»  ó ü ëâšç Note: When a word is attached with Ì¾È then one of two fathah ( -È ), kasrah ( -Ê ) or dhammah ( -É ) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the above sentences, Æ¼Ê ºŠ has double dhammah, whereas ÉÀ ŠØÌóÈ has one dhammah since Ì¾È is attached with ÆÀ ŠØË. Similarly, óçè has double fathah, whereas  óè has only one fathah. ƾ 30

31 Arabic Grammar 10. Tense 10a. The Past Tense Ó òàç Past Tense he did Ó ŠòàŠç Possessive Pronouns Personal Pronouns No. Á ÿ sr. they two did ŠàŠç øÿ øÿ dl. mg. they all did ŒôàŠç öÿ öÿ pl. she did ªŠôàŠç ÿ ÿ sr. they two did ŠôàŠç øÿ øÿ dl. fg. they all did ú ôàšç úÿ úÿ pl. you did ª ôàšç Ƚ ªûÈ sr. you two did ø ôàšç øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Gender Person 3rd person you all did ö ôàšç öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd you did ª ôàšç ʽ ªûÈ sr. you two did ø ôàšç øœï ø ûè dl. fg. you all did ú ôàšç úœï ú ûè pl. I did ª ôàšç Ä ûè sr. We did ü ôàšç û ú û dl., Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual; pl. fg.: Feminine gender pl.: Plural (n) mg. fg. mg., fg. person 1st person 31

32 Arabic Grammar Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table using the following words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of your life? It certainly is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaallah. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************* he did he wrote he read he helped he hit, gave example he demanded ŠòàŠç Šï È ÂŠë ÂÐû È ÂÓ ŠôŠ he went he killed he made he opened he entered he drank ÿè Šò Šë Šòà³ Šç Šò»È È ŽÂË he found he refused he joined he created he sent he provided rizq ¾³È ŠèŠï ŠòÏÈ ====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a ======================= Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is provided for you to check your answers. mg. dl. they opened mg. pl. you did mg. pl. they did mg./fg. dl. you two did mg. dl. they two did mg. you did fg. she did fg. pl. they did mg. pl. you went Šç ö ôàšç ŒôàŠç ø ôàšç ŠôàŠç ª ôàšç ªŠôàŠç ú ôàšç ö ÿè mg./fg. dl. you two helped ø«âðû mg. pl. they wrote mg. you helped êšô» Š à È¼È±È Šï È ÂÐû mg./fg. dl. you two opened ø Šç mg. pl. you demanded mg. dl. they two wrote mg. pl. they demanded mg. you went mg./fg. dl. they two demanded mg. pl. you wrote ö ŠôŠ Šï ŠôŠ ª ÿè ø ŠôŠ ö Šï 32

33 Arabic Grammar mg. you demanded fg. dl. they two helped mg./fg. dl. you two went mg. pl. you helped ª ŠôŠ «ÂÐû ø ÿè ö«âðû fg. you wrote ª Šï mg. he wrote mg. pl. you opened Šï ö Šç fg. dl. they two hit mg. pl. they went mg. you opened mg./fg. dl. you two wrote mg. pl. they opened mg. you demanded mg. dl. they two went mg. pl. they hit ÂÓ ÿè ª Šç ø Šï Šç ª ŠôŠ ÿè ÂÓ Active and Passive Voices ¾ »ÂÂà You already know that ŠòàŠç means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you have to write it as Šò àœç which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below. mg. pl. you created mg. he killed Mg. pl. they demanded mg. he sent I sent we provided ö ìšô» Šò Šë ŠôŠ Š à ª à ü ëè±è mg. pl. you were created mg. he was killed ö ì ô» Šò Œë mg. pl. they were demanded ôœ mg. he was sent I was sent we were provided Š à ª à mg. pl. they provided ŒëÈ±È mg. pl. they were provided Œë汃 Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a completely different message. The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to subject. In some cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all. ü ëê±é 33

34 Arabic Grammar 10b. The Present (and Future) Tense Ì Ê Ô òàç Present Tense he does they do. they do she does. they do. they do. you do you do you do Ô Œòà è Possessive Pronouns Personal Pronouns No. Á ÿ sr. ÊÀŠà è øÿ øÿ dl. mg. ÈÀŒôà è öÿ öÿ pl. Œòà è«ÿ ÿ sr. ÊÀŠà è«øÿ øÿ dl. fg. ú ôà è úÿ úÿ pl. Œòà è«è½ ªûÈ sr. ÊÀŠà è«øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Gender Person 3rd person ÈÀŒôà è«öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd you do you do you do [ ôà è«ê½ ªûÈ sr. ÊÀŠà è«øœï ø ûè dl. fg. ú ôà è«úœï ú ûè pl. person I do We do Œòà çè Ä ûè sr. Œòà èû û ú û dl., pl. mg. fg. mg., fg. 1st person Gender: mg: Masculine gender; fg: Feminine gender Number: sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual; pl: Plural (n) 34

35 Arabic Grammar IMPORTANT NOTE: Ô actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present tense in general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È»Ç before the Ô forms. ****************** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ****************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself. mg. dl. they two drink mg. he collects I know I open fg. sr. you collect mg. pl. they thank ÊÀ ÂÌ Þø öšôßè çè Þø «ÈÀÂÂŒðÌ mg. pl. they disbelieve ÈÀÂÂŒè ð I worship mg. you know we don't hear And they will not grieve. They hear the words of Allah. ¾ ßÈ öšôà«þøèû Šó I do not worhsip what you worship. We do not worship except Allah. They believe in Allah and His messenger. fg. pl. you make mg. dl. you two drink fg. dl. they two drink mg. dl. you two make fg. dl. they two make pl. we worship mg. pl. they recite ú ôà «ÊÀ ÂÌ«ÊÀ ÂÌ«ÊÀ Šôà «ÊÀ Šôà «¾ àû ÈÀŒô mg. pl. you recite ÈÀŒô «mg. they don't know ÈÀøŠôà Šó I don't disbelieve  Œè ïè Šó ÈÀûÄ ö ÿ ŠóÈÂ Ê È ŠôŠïÈÀàøÈ ÈÀ ¾ ૾ ßÈ Šó È MóÊ ¾ àû Šó þ óçè ÈÂ Ê ÈÀü š 35

Active and Passive Voice: 36 Arabic Grammar As you have seen earlier, ŠòàŠç is made passive by writing Šò àœç for verbs in past tense. However, in case of present tense, Œòà è is made passive by writing it as Œòà è, i.e., first letter will have dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remaining letters will have the same A'araab as in the case of active voice. Concentrate on the following examples: he drinks they (all, mg) help you (mg) ask É ÂÌ ÈÀÂÂÐü ɾŠ È«he is made / given to drinké ÂÌ they (all, mg) are helpedèàââðü you (mg) are asked ɾŠ È«************************* Vocabulary & Exercises **************************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself. they understand they (women) are asked they do not fear (it) is opened. they do not cut you are provided. you are provided. ÈÀ Šì è ú ôš È ÈÀŒç ¼ Šó è ÈÀàŠØ ì Šó ÈÀŒëȱ«ÈÀŒëȱ«they cut they will not asked they they are killed you understand you are helped you are helped ÈÀàŠØ ì ÈÀŒó Š È «Šó ÈÀŒô ÈÀŒô ì ö è«èàââðü«èàââðü«36

37 Arabic Grammar 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative ûââ È You can order only to the person in front of you (2 nd person). Therefore, the imperative and negative forms for only the 2 nd person are provided below. Negative Imperative û Imperative Â È Poss. Prns. Pers. Prns. Don't do (it). òà è«šó Do (it). òà çê Ƚ ªûÈ sr. Don't do (it). Don't do (it). Šôà è«šó Œôà è«šó (you two) Do (it). No. Šà çê øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Gender Person (you all) Do (it). Œôà çê öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd Don't do (it). ôà è«šó Do (it). ôà çê ʽ ªûÈ sr. Don't do (it). Don't do (it). Šôà è«šó ú ôà è«šó (you two) Do (it). Šà çê øœï ø ûè dl. fg. (you all) Do (it). ú ôà çê úœï ú ûè pl. person ************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************ to act, work to know to open, expand (he) separated, divided came near ˆòøß ö ô ß Æ ÂË È¼Â Šç È ÂŠë asked drank rode went ŠòŠ Ç È ŽÂË ïè ÿè 37

38 Arabic Grammar ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c ======================= im. mg. sr. (you) Go ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two) Do not go near (it). ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it). im. mg. sr. Open. im. mg. sr. (you) Say open up for me (you all) drink (you all) ride im. mg. sr. (you all) Say im. mg. sr. Be. ÿì Ê Â ì«šó ç ¼«Šó Ì ÂËÊ òœë óì ÂËÊ ŽÂËÊ ŠïÌ Ê ŒóŒë úœï im. mg. pl. Know. ni. mg. sr. Do not do (it). ni. mg. sr. Do not go. ni. mg. sr. Do not make. ni. mg. pl. Do not say. (you two) don't come near don't ask me and (you all) listen ni. mg. pl. Do not be divided. ni. mg. pl. Do not be. øšôßê òà è«šó ÿ À«Šó òà «Šó ŒóŒì«Šó  쫚ó Žü óš È«Šó àøç È ŒëŠ諊ó ûœð«šó IMPORTANT NOTE All the verb forms of ŠòºàŠç that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times for different verbs such as: Šò Šë ÿè Šç È ŽÂË È ÂÓ êšèû ŠèŠï ö ôß Šòøß ŠôŠ Šò»È ŠïŠòà³. 38

39 Arabic Grammar Conjugation table for the verb ŠòàŠç û Â È Ô Ó Poss. Prns. Œòà è ŠòàŠç Pers. Prns. No. Á ÿ sr. ÊÀŠà è ŠàŠç øÿ øÿ dl. mg. ÈÀŒôà è ŒôàŠç öÿ öÿ pl. Œòà 諪šôàšç ÿ ÿ sr. ÊÀŠà è«šôàšç øÿ øÿ dl. fg. ú ôà è ú ôàšç úÿ úÿ pl. òà è«šó òà çê Œòà 諪 ôàšç Ƚ ªûÈ sr. Šôà è«šó Šà çê ÊÀŠà è«ø ôàšç øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Gender Person 3rd person Œôà è«šó Œôà çê ÈÀŒôà è«ö ôàšç öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd ôà è«šó ôà çê [ ôà 諪 ôàšç ʽ ªûÈ sr. person Šôà è«šó Šà çê ÊÀŠà è«ø ôàšç øœï ø ûè dl. fg. ú ôà è«šó ú ôà çê ú ôà è«ú ôàšç úœï ú ûè pl. Œòà çè ª ôàšç Ä ûè sr. Œòà èû ü ôàšç û ú û dl. pl. mg. fg. mg. fg. 1st person 39

40 Arabic Grammar Conjugation table for the verb ÈÀ Šï û Â È Ô Ó Poss. Prns. ÉÀŒð ÈÀ Šï Pers. Prns. No. Á ÿ sr. ÊÀŠ ûœð Š û Šï øÿ øÿ dl. mg. ÈÀûŒð û Šï öÿ öÿ pl. ÉÀŒð«ªû Šï ÿ ÿ sr. ÊÀŠ ûœð«û Šï øÿ øÿ dl. fg. úœð úœï úÿ úÿ pl. úœð«šó úœï ÉÀŒð«ªüŒï Ƚ ªûÈ sr. Š ûœð«šó Š ûœï ÊÀŠ ûœð«ø üœï øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Gender Person 3rd person ûœð«šó ûœï ÈÀûŒð«ö üœï öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd ŽûŒð«Šó ŽûŒï [ŽûŒð«ªüŒï ʽ ªûÈ sr. person Š ûð«šó Š ûœï ÊÀŠ ûœð«ø üœï øœï ø ûè dl. fg. úœð«šó úœï úœð«ú üœï úœï ú ûè pl. ÉÀŒïÈ ªüŒï Ä ûè sr. ÉÀŒðû üœï û ú û dl. pl. mg. fg. mg. fg. 1st person The verb forms of ÈÀ Šï are extensively used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above. 40

41 Arabic Grammar Conjugation table for the verb Ⱦ Šë û Â È Ô Ó Poss. Prns. ɾŒì Ⱦ Šë Pers. Prns. No. Á ÿ sr. ÊÀŠŒì Š Šë øÿ øÿ dl. mg. ÈÀŒóŒì Œó Šë öÿ öÿ pl. ɾŒì«ªŠó Šë ÿ ÿ sr. ÊÀŠŒì«Šó Šë øÿ øÿ dl. fg. ú ôœì ú ôœë úÿ úÿ pl. òœì«š òœë ɾŒì«ª ôœë Ƚ ªûÈ sr. ŠóŒì«Š ŠóŒë ÊÀŠŒì«ø ôœë øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Gender Person 3rd person ŒóŒì«Š ŒóŒë ÈÀŒóŒì«ö ôœë öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd óœì«š óœë [ óœì«ª ôœë ʽ ªûÈ sr. person ŠóŒì«Š ŠóŒë ÊÀŠŒì«ø ôœë øœï ø ûè dl. fg. ú ôœì«š ú ôœë ú ôœì«ú ôœë úœï ú ûè pl. ɾŒëÈ ª ôœë Ä ûè sr. ɾŒìû ü ôœë û ú û dl. pl. mg. fg. mg. fg. 1st person Different forms of Ⱦ ºŠë are frequently used in the Qur'an. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above. 41

42 Arabic Grammar 10d. Derived Forms of theverb ŠòàŠç Verbal Noun ¾Ð Passive participle ¾à èø ó öçê Active participle ò ß Šè ó öçê Present (& future) Tense Ì Ê Ô Past Tense Ó S. No. ˆò à ç ¾à è ò ß Šç Œòà è ŠòàŠç 1 ˆò à è«òàšè òàšè ŒòàŠè ŠòàŠç 2 ˆ Šôß Šè òß Šè ò ß Šè Œò ß Šè Šòß Šç 3 ƾ à çê òà è ò à è Œò à è Šòà çè 4 ˆòàŠè«òàŠè òàšè ŒòàŠè ŠòàŠè«5 ˆ Šôß Šè òß Šè ò ß Šè Œòß Šè Šòß Šè«6 ƾ à èûê òàšèü ò àšèü Œò àšèü ŠòàŠèûÊ 7 ƾ à çê òà è ò à è Œò à è Šòà çê 8 ƾ Šà çê òšôà è ò ôà è Nò à è Mòà çê 9 ƾ à è ÇÊ òà è È ò à è È Œò à è È Šòà è ÇÊ 10 Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the meanings of around a Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a much wider understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with their root word easily. For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb ŠòºàŠç " and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives an example of how the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb ŠòàŠç " can be reproduced for the derived form number 3, Šòà ç,. You can reproduce the following for each of the derivatives. 42

43 Arabic Grammar An Example: Conjugation table for the verb Šòà çè Œò à è Šòà çè Á ÿ sr. ÊÀŠ à è Šà çè øÿ øÿ dl. mg. ÈÀŒô à è Œôà çè öÿ öÿ pl. Œò à 諪šôà çè ÿ ÿ sr. ÊÀŠ à è«šôà çè øÿ øÿ dl. fg. ú ô à è ú ôà çè úÿ úÿ pl. Œò à 諪 ôà çè Ƚ ªûÈ sr. ÊÀŠ à è«ø ôà çè øœï ø ûè dl. mg. Ô Ó Poss. Prns. Pers. Prns. No. Gender Person 3rd person ÈÀŒô à è«ö ôà çè öœï ö ûè pl 2 nd [ ô à 諪 ôà çè ʽ ªûÈ sr. person ÊÀŠ à è«ø ôà çè øœï ø ûè dl. fg. ú ô à è«ú ôà çè úœï ú ûè pl. Œò à çé ª ôà çè Ä ûè sr. Œò à èû ü ôà çè û ú û dl. pl. mg. fg. mg. fg. 1st person 43

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