2 Fridy, September 2, 2011 11:03 0212_wh11se_Ch07CO_s.fm AM hnology RESS Pge 212 Fridy, July 29, 2011 5:57 PM 7 The Rise of Europe 500 1300 core content using ess Premium, mic lecture notes, ws, songs, videos, QuickTke pter using ess Premium, ents Which of the nts do you most rong rulers crete ) Strong econosocieties. (C) Socien everyone is (D) A lrge middle e societies. Tke tudents nswers e feture nd dis. Point out tht in ll red bout Europe s politicl ms, while religion nt. Continue introsing the chpter nd Witness History sources CD-ROM, CD-ROM, ESS er 7 Audio CD, nk CD-ROM, h, Chpter 7 udio, Spnish, udio, Chpter 7 ltimedi Pck Bibliogrphy For the Techer Cntor, ormn F. Medievl Reder. HrperCollins, 1994. Woolgr, C. M. The Gret Household in Lte Medievl Englnd. ew Hven, Conn.: Yle University Press, 1999. McKitterick, Rosmond. The Erly Middle Ages: For the Student L2 Den, Ruth nd Meliss Thomson. Women of the Middle Ages. Sn Diego: Lucent, 2003. L3 Mculey, Dvid. Cstle. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977. L4 Hnwlt, Brbr. The Middle Ages: An Illustrted History. ew York: Oxford University
WITESS HISTORY Tests of Skill nd Courge [A]lmost every fortnight tournments were held.... [O]nce they hd reched the field: ll [the knights] did ws lower their lnces. You could see horses glloping on, lnces flying into pieces, shields hcked to bits nd men flling from sddles.... [Y]ou would hve herd blows coming from swords,... helmets ringing nd resounding; some grbbed t bridles to tke men prisoner, whilst others, to defend themselves, smote with mces nd swords. Tournments, or mock bttles between knights, were often dngerous tests of skill nd courge. Listen to the Witness History udio to her more of this description, which ws written in 1226. AUDIO Medievl cot of rms A medievl king nd his court wtch tournment. Chpter Preview Chpter Focus Question How did feudlism, the mnor economy, nd the Church shpe life in Western Europe s the region slowly developed new medievl culture? Section 1 The Erly Middle Ages A Frnkish ornment in gold from the erly Middle Ages Section 2 Feudlism nd the Mnor Economy Section 3 The Medievl Church Section 4 Economic Recovery Sprks Chnge A guild emblem Use the t the end of this chpter to preview chpter events. OLIE To explore Essentil Questions relted to this chpter, go to PHSchool.com Web Code: nd-0707
Chpter 7, Section 1 p. 214 1 King Clovis (right); Frnkish cross from the 400s (bove) WITESS HISTORY The Erly Middle Ages AUDIO A King Converts to Christinity In A.D. 496, Clovis, wrrior king of the Frnks, ws engged in ferocious bttle. According to the Chronicle of St. Denis, He looked up to heven humbly, nd spoke thus, Most mighty God, whom my queen Clothilde worships nd dores with hert nd soul, I pledge Thee perpetul service unto Thy fith, if only Thou givest me now the victory over mine enemies. Instntly... his men were filled with burning vlor, nd gret fer smote his enemies, so tht they turned the bck nd fled. Focus Question How did Germnic tribes divide Western Europe into smll kingdoms? Objectives Describe Western Europe fter the collpse of the western Romn empire. Describe how Germnic tribes crved Europe into smll kingdoms. Explin how Chrlemgne briefly reunited much of Western Europe nd wht hppened to his empire fter his deth. Terms, People, nd Plces Clovis medievl Frnks Chrles Mrtel bttle of Tours Chrlemgne Mgyrs Vikings Reding Skill: Identify Min Ides Keep trck of the importnt chrcteristics of erly medievl Europe in tble. Look for the min ide under ech red heding nd write it in the second column. Erly Medievl Europe Heding Western Europe in Decline The Rise of the Germnic Kingdoms The Age of Chrlemgne Europe After Chrlemgne Min Ide King Clovis won this bttle nd mny others. The kingdom he estblished ws one of mny Germnic kingdoms tht replced the unifying force of the Romn empire in Western Europe. Western Europe in Decline At its height, the Romn empire included much of Western Europe. Rome unified the region nd spred clssicl ides, the Ltin lnguge, nd Christinity to the tribl peoples of Western Europe. The Germnic peoples who settled in Europe nd conquered Rome would lter build on these trditions. After the collpse of Rome, Western Europe entered period of politicl, socil, nd economic decline. From bout 500 to 1000, it ws politiclly divided, rurl, nd lrgely cut off from dvnced civiliztions in the Middle Est, Chin, nd Indi. Wves of invders swept cross the region, trde slowed to trickle, towns emptied, nd clssicl lerning virtully cesed. For those resons, this period in Europe hs sometimes been clled the Drk Ages. Tody, historins recognize tht this period ws not drk. Greco-Romn, Germnic, nd Christin trditions slowly blended, creting new civiliztion. Much lter, this period between ncient times nd modern times roughly from 500 to 1500 would be clled the Middle Ages. Its culture would be clled medievl civiliztion, from the Ltin words for middle ge. Describe Western Europe fter the collpse of the western Romn empire.
Chpter 7, Section 1 p. 215 The Rise of the Germnic Kingdoms The Germnic tribes tht conquered prts of the Romn empire included the Goths, Vndls, Sxons, nd Frnks. Their culture ws very different from tht of the Romns. They were mostly frmers nd herders, so they hd no cities or written lws. Insted, they lived in smll communities governed by unwritten customs. Kings were elected by tribl councils. Wrriors swore loylty to the king in exchnge for wepons nd shre in the plunder tken from conquered people. Between 400 nd 700, these Germnic tribes crved Western Europe into smll kingdoms. The Frnks Extend Their Power One of these kingdoms ws tht of the Frnks. In 486, Clovis, king of the Frnks, conquered the former Romn province of Gul, which lter becme the kingdom of Frnce. He ruled his new lnds ccording to Frnkish custom but preserved much of the Romn legcy. Clovis took n importnt step when he converted to Christinity, the religion of his subjects in Gul. ot only did he ern their support, but he lso gined powerful lly in the pope, leder of the Christin Church of Rome. A Muslim Empire Thretens Europe As the Frnks nd other Germnic peoples crved up Europe, new power ws emerging cross the Mediterrnen. The religion of Islm begn in Arbi in the 600s. From there, Muslims, or believers in Islm, creted new civiliztion nd built huge nd expnding empire. Leders of the Church nd of Christin kingdoms becme lrmed when Muslim rmies overrn Christin lnds from Plestine to orth Afric to present-dy Spin. When Muslim rmy crossed into Frnce, Chrles Mrtel rllied Frnkish wrriors. At the bttle of Tours in 732, Christin wrriors triumphed. To them, the victory ws sign tht God ws on their side. Muslims dvnced no frther into Western Europe, lthough they continued to rule most of wht is now Spin. This nerby Muslim presence remined source of nxiety to mny Europen Christin leders. In time, however, medievl Europens would trde with Muslims, whose lerning in mny res exceeded their own. How did the Germnic tribes govern their kingdoms? The Age of Chrlemgne In 768, the grndson of Chrles Mrtel becme king of the Frnks. He briefly united Western Europe when he built n empire reching cross wht is now Frnce, Germny, nd prt of Itly. Also nmed Chrles, he becme known s Chrlemgne (SHAHR luh myn), or Chrles the Gret. Empire of Chrlemgne, 768 843 W 50 S Tours E Seine R. orth Pris Loire R. Se Achen Rhone R. Rhine R. Verdun Corsic Kingdom of the Frnks, 768 Are conquered by Chrlemgne, 768 814 Division of Chrlemgne s empire, (Trety of Verdun, 843) SAXOS Mp Skills Chrlemgne built n empire in Europe, but his descendnts were unble to hold it together. 1. Locte () the Frnkish kingdom in 768 (b) Chrlemgne s empire in 814 (c) Tours 2. Compre Look t mp of the Romn empire. Compre the Dnube R. LOMBARDS 10 E Po R. 40 For: Audio guided tour Web Code: np-0711 SLAVS AVARS Rome Conic Projection 0 100 200 mi 0 100 200 km 20 E loction nd extent of Chrlemgne s empire with tht of Rome. 3. Predicting Consequences Wht might be one result of the division of Chrlemgne s empire? Explin.
Chpter 7, Section 1 p. 216 Reding Skill: Identify Min Ides Record the most importnt chrcteristics of the Age of Chrlemgne in tble. You my wish to dd these to the tble you begn in the section opening. The Age of Chrlemgne Heding A ew Emperor of the Romns Creting Unified Christin Empire A Revivl of Lerning Min Ide Chrlemgne spent much of his 46-yer reign fighting Muslims in Spin, Sxons in the north, Avrs nd Slvs in the est, nd Lombrds in Itly. His conquests reunited much of the old western Romn empire. A ew Emperor of the Romns In 799, Pope Leo III sked Chrlemgne for help ginst rebellious nobles in Rome. The delegtion tht Chrlemgne sent to Rome rrested Leo s opponents. On Christms Dy in the yer 800, the pope showed his grtitude by plcing crown on Chrlemgne s hed nd procliming him Emperor of the Romns. This ceremony would hve enormous significnce. A Christin pope hd crowned Germnic king successor to the Romn emperors. In doing so, Pope Leo III revived the idel of united Christin community, which cme to be clled Christendom. At the sme time, he lso sowed the seeds for desperte power struggles between future popes nd Germnic emperors. The pope s ction lso outrged the emperor of the estern Romn empire in Constntinople. While the western Romn empire hd been collpsing, the estern empire hd continued to flourish. The estern emperor sw himself s the sole Romn ruler. In the long run, the crowning of Chrlemgne deepened the split between the estern nd western Christin worlds. Creting Unified Christin Empire Chrlemgne strove to crete united Christin Europe. Working closely with the Church, he helped spred Christinity to the conquered peoples on the fringes of his empire. Missionries converted mny Sxons nd Slvs. Like other Germnic kings, Chrlemgne ppointed powerful nobles to rule locl regions. To keep control of these provincil rulers, he sent out officils clled missi dominici (MIH see dw mih EE chee) to check on rods, listen to grievnces, nd see tht justice ws done. Chrlemgne instructed the missi to dminister the lw fully nd justly in the cse of the holy churches of God nd of the poor, of wrds nd of widows, nd of the whole people. Vocbulry Builder unify (YOO nuh fy) v. to combine into one A Revivl of Lerning Chrlemgne regrded eduction s nother wy to unify his kingdom. He could red but not write. Still, s ruler, he sw the need for officils to keep ccurte records nd write cler reports. Chrlemgne set out to revive Ltin lerning throughout his empire nd encourged the cretion of locl schools. He lso wnted to revive the glory of Rome t his court t Achen (AH kun). He brought mny of the best scholrs of Europe to the Plce School there. How did Chrlemgne unify Europe? The Plce School t Achen Chrlemgne brought respected scholr, Alcuin (AL kwin) of York, to direct the Plce School. Alcuin creted curriculum tht included grmmr, rhetoric, logic, rithmetic, geometry, music, nd stronomy. Chrlemgne, his fmily, his nobles, nd his nobles sons were ll tught there, nd it becme center of lerning nd lively discussion. Alcuin s system would become the eductionl model for medievl Europe. Alcuin lso hired scholrs to copy ncient mnuscripts, including the Bible nd Ltin works of history nd science. In this wy, the school preserved pst knowledge for future genertions.
Chpter 7, Section 1 Thursdy, 0214_wh11te_Ch07s1_s.fm 217Mrch Fridy, June 26,PM2009 5:08 PM 0214_wh09se_Ch07s1_s.fm Pge 217 Pge 5, 2009 5:33 p. 217 Europe After Chrlemgne After Ch After Chrlemgne died in 814, his son Louis I took the throne. Lter, Louis sons bttled for power. Finlly, in 843, Chrlemgne s grndsons drew up the Trety of Verdun, which split the empire into three regions. Instruct Chrlemgne s Legcy Although his empire did not remin intct, Chrlemgne still left lsting legcy. He extended Christin civiliztion into northern Europe nd furthered the blending of Germnic, Romn, nd Christin trditions. He lso set up strong, efficient governments. Lter medievl rulers looked to his exmple when they tried to strengthen their own kingdoms. ew Wves of Invsions Chrlemgne s heirs fced new wves of invsions. Despite the victory t Tours, Muslim forces still posed thret to Christin Europe. In the lte 800s, they conquered Sicily, which becme thriving center of Muslim culture. ot until the 900s, when power struggles erupted in the Middle Est, did Muslim ttcks finlly subside. For: Audio guided tour Web Code: np-0712 Invsions of Europe, 700 1000 Mp Skills Between 700 nd 1000, Western Europe ws bttered by invders. 1. Locte () Frnce (b) Germny (c) Scndinvi (d) Hungry (e) Muslim-controlled lnds 2. Movement Describe the invsion routes of the () Mgyrs, (b) Vikings, nd (c) Muslims. 3. Drw Inferences ote which invders built settlements. Wht cn you infer bout these groups from the fct tht they settled in regions they rided? 40 W 10 W ICE L 60 Vikings Mgyrs Muslims Ares of Viking settlement outside Viking homelnd Viking invsions Mgyr invsions Muslim invsions 50 0 20 E AD S CA D I AV I A RELA D EGLA or th Se D Londo n orm Oce MUS L S PA I I M Córd ob n Blc CORSICA Tunis AFRIC 0 0 400 BY ZA I TA LY Conic Projection 400 Rome SARDIIA k Se ople ntin Const T IE 800 mi 800 km Dm Mediter scus Se rnen Ciro Re d Se in Med To ensure u to summri mgne s em Check Red Study Guid understnd mp skills q Answers Mp Skills Link to Literture Viking Storytelling Orl storytelling ws importnt in ncient Viking culture. Viking poets, clled sklds, recited tles of Viking heroes nd told legends bout their gods, such s Thor nd Odin. Mny of these stories, known s sgs, were first written down by Christin scribes (c. 1200). The sgs fll into three ctegories: kings sgs nd legendry sgs, both of which tell of kings nd leders, nd sgs bout Ice- Monitor Pr EMPIRE SICILY A i tic sp Se 30 n PY RE M T EES S. C IA Y HUGAR n E CA R PAT H ALPS FRACE S Atl GERMAY Pris Tours. W n dy Quick Acti ws Chrl importnt Heds strt dents list C ments. Hv likely to h future of Eu Hve students 0712 to tke th Audio Guide skills question Kiev TS Achen Tech Disc empire cm Chrlemg grndsons f into three p thretened lim, Mgy collpse o similr to Romn Em divided, the side plunde Independe SIA M 40 RUS Introduce: to find the k in the text. bout Vikin Viking ship reinforce th silors nd might be t Viking inv lnders, or fmily sgs, which tell stories of ordinry people. In these, the idel of justice is plced bove tht of courge; the good of society is plced bove individul ccomplishment. The Icelndic sgs re notble for their ccurte descriptions of the geogrphy of northern Europe, reflection of the Viking prowess for siling nd exploring. 1. Review locti 2. () west, sout (b) from Scn the British Isle Europe nd in nd south int Spin; west fr 3. Muslims settl northern Euro they ffected
Chpter 7, Section 1 p. 218 Viking Wrship This pinting of Viking wrship with prow in the shpe of mythicl best ws done by n Anglo-Sxon rtist round 1025. Wht spect of the ship does the rtist emphsize? Wht does this suggest bout the Anglo-Sxon rection to the Vikings? About 900, new wve of nomdic people, the Mgyrs settled in present-dy Hungry. From there, they overrn estern Europe nd moved on to plunder Germny, prts of Frnce, nd Itly. Finlly, fter bout 50 yers, they were pushed bck into Hungry. Riders From the orth The Vikings broke the lst threds of unity in Chrlemgne s empire. At home in Scndinvi northern region tht now includes orwy, Sweden, nd Denmrk the Vikings were independent frmers ruled by lnd-owning chieftins. They were lso expert silors. Strting in the lte 700s, they burst out of Scndinvi, looting nd burning communities long the costs nd rivers of Europe. Viking silors were not just destructive riders. They were lso trders nd explorers who siled round the Mediterrnen Se nd cross the Atlntic Ocen. Around the yer 1000, they set up short-lived Viking colony in orth Americ. Vikings opened trde routes tht linked northern Europe to Mediterrnen lnds. They lso settled in Englnd, Irelnd, northern Frnce, nd prts of Russi, where they mixed with the locl popultions. Describe the invsions of Europe tht took plce fter Chrlemgne s deth. 1 Progress Monitoring Online For: Self-quiz with vocbulry prctice Web Code: n-0711 Terms, People, nd Plces 1. For ech term, person, or plce listed t the beginning of the section, write sentence explining its significnce. 2. Reding Skill: Identify Min Ides Use your completed chrts to nswer the Focus Question: How did Germnic tribes divide Western Europe into smll kingdoms? Comprehension nd Criticl Thinking 3. Recognize Cuse nd Effect How did the collpse of the western Romn empire ffect Western Europe? 4. Summrize How did the Frnks crete kingdom in Western Europe, nd wht externl thret did it fce? 5. Anlyze Informtion Wht mde Chrlemgne successful leder? 6. Express Problems Clerly Wht hppened to Chrlemgne s empire fter he died? Why? Writing About History Quick Write: Explore Topic Choose one person or group discussed in this section nd write series of questions tht you could use to write reserch report. For exmple, for the Vikings you could sk the following: Wht were Viking communities in Scndinvi like? Wht kind of community did the Vikings set up in orth Americ?