Europe s Cultures Teacher: Mrs. Moody ACTIVATE YOUR BRAIN Greece Germany Poland Belgium Learning Target: I CAN describe the cultural characteristics of Europe. Cultural expressions are ways to show culture through art, music, and literature. These cultural expressions can preserve, influence, and even change culture. Type in the chatbox some examples of cultural examples. Great Britain Italy Ukraine France Literature! Europe's history of literature is very rich.! The Nobel Prize in Literature is given each year in Sweden.! Many European authors have won this award, including Rudyard Kipling (1907). Kipling was born in India when it was controlled by the British Empire.! Many of his stories were influenced and impacted by his life in India and England. (Jungle Book) Art! Europe has had many different painters who used different styles.! Pablo Picasso, a Spanish artist, painted in the early 20th century. He is most well-known for cubism, a form of abstract art. Abstract art, including cubism, is a style in which the pictures are not meant to be realistic.! Another famous painter was Vincent Van Gogh, from the Netherlands. Van Gogh was a post-impressionist artist who painted scenes, landscapes, and still lifes. Only one of his paintings was sold while he was alive, but today he is extremely well-known all over the world. Picasso Van Gogh Picasso 1
Music Music has been a part of European culture for years. Three styles are distinctly European classical, opera, and modern musicals. Classical music includes artists like Beethoven, Mozart, and Wagner. Opera is a musical style that began in Italy around the 17th century. It tells a dramatic story through music and song onstage. Modern musicals are very similar to opera, though with opera the story is told entirely through song. Modern musicals tell a story through acting, dancing, and song. English writer Andrew Lloyd Webber may be one of the most well-known musical writers. His musicals The Phantom of the Opera and Cats have broken records in England and on Broadway. Architecture Architecture in Europe has been influenced by many different cultures. Countries and regions often have distinct architectural styles that make them different from other places. Ancient Greek buildings typically were built with columns. Greek architecture and literature have had a huge influence on other European countries. Ancient Roman architecture is known for using arches and domes. During the late Middle Ages, many Gothic cathedrals, such as Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, were built throughout Europe. St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow is an example of Russian architecture. The domes on the roof are an architectural element that is often found in Russian buildings. European Languages Nearly all of the languages in Europe are in the European language family: Indo-! Greek, Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages are the four main branches of the Indo-European languages which are used today. " Romance languages formed out of the Roman Empire's Latin.! Romance languages include Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French. European Languages Guten Tag Bonjour Buongiorno Good Morning " Germanic languages can be traced back to a language that goes back to 500 B.C.! Germanic languages include German, Dutch, and English. " Slavic languages are languages that, today, are spoken in eastern Europe and northern Asia.! Slavic languages include Russian, Polish, and Serbian. Germanic Language Group! Has most native speakers # Europe is smaller than the US in land area # Europe s population is more than double the US # In the US, English is the dominant language # Europe is different. It is home to more than 200 languages! Native speakers live mostly in northwest and central Europe! About 20% of Europeans speak English or German as their native language! Most Europeans learn English as a second language in their schools 2
Romance Language Group I CAN explain how the literacy rate affects the standard of living in Europe. Literacy Rates in Europe! This group includes French, Italian, and Spanish! These are found in the south and west of Europe! These languages come from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire! The Roman alphabet is used to write Romance and Germanic languages Literacy rates are measured in different ways, but they generally indicate a population's level of education. According to this chart, every country listed has a higher rating of youth literacy than adult literacy. This shows that the younger people are learning more, and, when they become the older adults, more of them will be educated than their parents were. Europe is one of the most literate regions of the world, but it is expected to grow just as many other areas are. I CAN explain how the literacy rate affects the standard of living in Europe. Literacy Rates in Europe Slavic Language Group! This includes Russian! They are found in central and eastern Europe! They are written with a Cyrillic Alphabet Based on this chart of literacy rates in Europe what can you predict about the future of literacy rates in Europe? Judaism, Christianity, and Islam! Europe is home to many religions! They have 3 main religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam! Have some similarities and common history! Different in beliefs about God and man European Religions! Beliefs cause disagreements! Wars have been fought and leaders have been changed because of religion! Today most Europeans have religious freedom 3
Judaism Roman Catholicism! The religion of the ancient Hebrew people that was the first monotheistic (belief in one God) faith.! The Jewish population in Europe has never been very large because Jews immigrated to Europe in smaller groups.! The Jewish population in Europe was persecuted and attacked for much of its history.! Roman Catholicism: a form of Christianity that is widely practiced in western, southern, and parts of Eastern Europe.! The base of the Roman Catholic Church is Vatican City, which is located in Rome, Italy.! Roman Catholicism was the primary form of Christianity in Europe until Protestantism took form during the Reformation. Eastern Orthodoxy Protestantism! Eastern Orthodoxy: a form of Christianity that is widely practiced in eastern and southeastern Europe.! The Orthodox Church separated from the Catholic Church in 1054 over disagreements between the pope in Rome and the patriarch in Constantinople (present-day Istanbul).! The Orthodox Church has influence in countries like Russia and Greece because Constantinople is closer geographically to them.! Protestantism: a form of Christianity that is widely practiced in western and northern Europe.! The Protestants broke from the Catholic Church during the Reformation, which began in 1517.! There are many divisions within Protestantism today.! In Europe, the largest Protestant groups are Lutherans, Anglicans, and Calvinists. Islam Visual Vocabulary! A religion that believes Muhammad was the last and greatest prophet of Allah (God).! Historically, Islam has ties to Spain and the former Ottoman Empire in southeastern Europe, though the Muslim population is growing in other countries (especially France). This is a form of government in which a god is placed as the head of state and all rules are based solely along religious doctrine h t e a o c r c y 4
Visual Vocabulary Visual Vocabulary These are materials that are found on or in the earth and are used in the production of goods and services. This is a tax on imported goods and is usually designed to protect domestic production of similar goods. u n r a t a l r u c s o e r e s t f a i r f 5