Byzantine chant as a living tradition in the Anglophone world: Creativity, challenges, and ongoing efforts

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Sacred Music Institute Byzantine chant as a living tradition in the Anglophone world: Creativity, challenges, and ongoing efforts 13-14 July 2017 Antiochian Village Richard Barrett richardbarrett@johnofdamascus.org

What is Byzantine chant? The public, sacred repertoire of the Roman Empire (~325-1453 A.D.) The sacred repertoire of the churches that identify as coming out of that heritage from Bucharest to Beirut The sacred repertoire as organized, defined, reformed, and systematized by Chrysanthos of Madytos, Gregorios Protopsaltis, and Hourmouzios Hartophylax in the early 19th century

What is Byzantine chant? ψάλλω vs. ᾄδω vs. τραγῳδέω (τραγουδώ, Modern Greek) ψαλ0ῳδία ἡ ψαλτική τέχνη 0έλος

Characteristics of Byzantine chant Monophonic Modal Non-equal temperament Formulaic composition Close relationship to text Different melodic textures based on liturgical function Neumatic notation interpreted via a layer of oral tradition (also known as performance practice )

But Western music doesn t do that!

What isn t Byzantine chant? A musical system invented by the Three Teachers A musical system dictated to the apostles by Christ himself A musical system that has gone through no change whatsoever since 330 A.D. A fixed, or closed, repertoire A musical system that is completely ill-suited to English A musical system that is fundamentally culturally Eastern

What is Byzantine chant? A living tradition comprising a rich, diverse, multilingual repertoire

Genres of Byzantine music Responsorial psalmody Irmologic Liturgical dialogue Sticheraric Troparia Papadic Prosomoia Kalophonic

Responsorial psalmody

Responsorial psalmody

Responsorial psalmody

Liturgical dialogue

Liturgical dialogue

Prosomoia

Irmologic

Irmologic

Sticheraric New Sticheraric

Sticheraric Old Sticheraric

Papadic

Kalophonic

Kalophonic

Kalophonic

Kratimata

Mathimata

Slow settings

Slow settings

Slow settings

Brief settings

Pioneers of Byzantine chant in English Basil Kazan (1915-2001) David Melling (1943-2004) Fr. Seraphim Dedes (1960-) Alexander Lingas (1964-) Fr. Ephraim

Issues with English-language use Notation Translation Text-setting Tuning Vocal style Performance practice

Issues with English-language use Notation Translation Text-setting Tuning Vocal style Performance practice

Issues with English-language use Notation Translation Text-setting Tuning Vocal style Performance practice

But there s another way to do it!

The current state of things English-language resources English-language recordings Liturgical texts English-language music publications

The current state of things English-language resources English-language recordings Liturgical texts English-language music publications

The current state of things English-language resources English-language recordings Liturgical texts English-language music publications

The current state of things English-language resources English-language recordings Liturgical texts English-language music publications

The current state of things English-language resources English-language recordings Liturgical texts English-language music publications

Current crop John Michael Boyer Samuel Herron Gabriel Cremeens Chadi Karam Basil Crow Nicholas Roumas Jessica Suchy-Pilalis Fr. Dn. John El Massih Ioannis Arvanitis Amy Hogg

Mitri El Murr (1880-1969)

Hymn of Pentecost Hymn of Pentecost Plagal Second Mode Basil Crow H eav en ly King, Par a clete, Spir it of Truth, pres ent evʹ ry where, fill ing all things, Treas ur y of bless ings and Giv er of life; come_ and dwell_ in us, cleanse us from evʹ ry stain, and, O Good_ One save our souls. H eav - - - en - - ƒlyƒ King,ƒ ƒo Com - - ƒfort - - er, ƒthe Spir - - ƒitƒ ̃ofƒ Ì ƒtruth, ƒwho art ƒƒƒeve - ry ƒ- ƒwhereƒ ƒ pre ƒ- ƒsent ƒand ƒƒfill - - - estƒ allƒ Ì things, ƒo treas - ur - y ofƒ eve - - - ryƒ good and Be ƒ- ƒstow - - erƒ ofƒ Ì ƒlife: comeƒ ƒandƒ dwellƒ ƒƒinƒ us, ƒandƒ cleanseƒ us fromƒ eve ƒƒ- ƒryƒ Ì ƒstain, and save our souls,ƒìì O Goodƒ Ì One.ƒ_ Copyright 2011 Basil Crow. Permission to copy for liturgical use. BBC, Rev. 1, 1/17/2011 John Michael Boyer Basil Crow

Chadi Karam

Nicholas Roumas

Jessica Suchy-Pilalis

Samuel Herron

Fr. Seraphim Dedes

Amy Hogg

Byzantine Music Books in North America www.byzantinechantbooks.com

Current issues Disorganization Composition still under-theorized for English language Lack of a standardized translation Pastoral support Common misperceptions/popular but misguided narratives

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