Ch. 6 Religion Rubenstein pages: 168-205 KEY ISSUE #1: Where Are Religions Distributed? Universalizing Religions: 1. The three main universalizing religions are: A. B. C. 2. A is a large and fundamental division within a religion. 3. A is a division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body. 4. A is a relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination. CHRISTIANITY: 5. Christianity has about adherents, far more than any other world religion and has the most widespread distribution. It is the predominant religion in which (4) countries:,,, and and countries with a Christian majority exist in Africa and Asia as well. 6. The three major branches of Christianity are: 7. Approximately what percentage of people in the Western Hemisphere are Christian? FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 1
ISLAM: 8. Islam, the religion of,is the predominate religion of the Middle East from North Africa to Central Asia. 9. Half the world s Muslims live in four countries outside the Middle East:,,. 10. Islam in Arabic means: 11. An adherent of the religion of Islam is known as a, which in Arabic means:. Buddhism: 12. Buddhism the third of the world s major universalizing religions, has nearly adherents, who are mainly found in and. 13. The foundation of Buddhism is represented by these concepts known as:. 14. The three main branches of Buddhism are:,, and. 15A. TRUE or FALSE Someone can both be a Buddhist and a believer of other Eastern Religions, while Islam and Christianity both require exclusive adherence. (38% SE Asia) (Tibet & Mongolia) 15B. and are (23 million India) (7 million Africa & Asia) the two other universalizing religions. (56% of total in China, Japan, and Korea) FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 2
15B. and are the two other universalizing religions. (23 million India) (7 million Africa & Asia) 15C. Sikhism s first guru (religious teacher or enlightener) was who lived in present day. 15D. TRUE or FALSE Sikh men wear turbans on their heads and never cut their beards or hair. Khanda Sikh Symbol Depicts the Sikh Doctrine 9 Pointed Star Bahá`í Symbol = the Greatest Name, and the Ringstone symbol, representing perfection, and the Messengers of God. 16. The Bahá`í was founded in Shíráz, in 1844by Siyyid Ali Muhammad, known as the. ETHINIC RELIGIONS 17. is the third largest religion, behind Christianity and Islam with adherents. AUM 18. percent of Hindus are concentrated in one country,. 19. Hindus comprise of the population of India. 20. TRUE or FALSE Hinduism does not have a central authority or holy book. Feng Shui 21. founded by Confucius (551-479 B.C.) in China: Ethical principles for the orderly conduct of daily life in China, such as the following traditions, fulfilling obligations, and treating others with sympathy and respect. 22. founded by Lao Tse (604-531 BC) emphasized the mystical and magical aspects of life. Yin-yang 23. Daoist seek which means the way or the path. TRUE or FALSE Daoism was officially banned in China in 1949. 24. ethnic religion of Japan Forces of nature are believed to be divine (Sun, Moon, Rivers, Trees, Rocks, Mountain, Animals) Torii Gate FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 3
25. first recorded monotheistic religion. 26. There are Jews in the United States, in Israel, in the rest of the world. 27. Who is considered the father of Judaism? 28. DEFINE Monotheism Star of David 29. DEFINE Polytheism 30. DEFINE Animism Symbol of Animist ORIGINS OF RELIGIONS Christianity 31. Christianity was founded upon the teachings of, who was born in Bethlehem between 8 and 4 BC, and died on a cross in Jerusalem around 30 AD. 32. Christians believe Jesus died to atone for human, that he was raised from the dead by God and that his from the dead provides people brings hope for salvation. 33. What is the title given to the head of the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy? 34. Eastern Orthodoxy split from the Roman Catholic Church officially in 35. Protestantism originated with the principles of the in the 16th century. (Martin Luther) Islam 36. Jews and Christians trace their story through original wife Sarah and her son. Muslims trace their story through Sarah s maid servant, Hagar and her son. 37. was born in Makkah (Mecca) about. 38. The holiest book in Islam is called the, written in. 39. Differences between the two main Islamic branches and go back to the earliest days of Islam and basically reflect disagreement over the line of succession in Islamic leadership. FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 4
Buddhism 40. The founder of Buddhism was born about 563 BC in present day Nepal near the border of India. 41. What did Gautama encounter on each of his four trips?,,, 42. is the older of the two largest branches means the way of the elders. 43. is the second largest branch means the bigger ferry or raft. DIFFUSION OF RELIGIONS Christianity 44. Christianity first diffused from its hearth in through. 45. individuals who help to transmit a universalizing religion through relocation diffusion carried the teachings of along the Roman Empire s protected sea routes and excellent road network to people in other locations. 46. Christianity spread widely within the Roman Empire through. Daily contact between believers in the towns and nonbelievers in the countryside. 47. is a follower of polytheistic religion in ancient times. 48. The dominance of Christianity was throughout the Roman Empire assured during the 4th century through acceptance of religion by the empire s key elite figure Emperor Constantine 313 AD. 49. & by Europeans since the year 1500 has extended Christianity to other regions of the world. Islam 50. Through of Europeans, Christianity became the dominant religion in North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand conversion of the indigenous population & intermarriage. 51. Islam spread over extensive areas of Africa, Asia, and Europe b/c of: a. agricultural practices b. military conquests 52. How did Islam reach Indonesia, the world s 4th largest country? FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 5
Buddhism 53. TRUE or FALSE Buddhism diffused rapidly from its hearth in NE India. 54. In the 1st century along the trading routes from NE India introduced Buddhism to. 55. Buddhism further diffused from China to and from Korea to. Judaism 56. In what year was Israel created? 57. TRUE or FALSE Most Jews lived in the Eastern Mediterranean before creation of Israel. 58. DEFINE Ghetto: 59.When and where did the term Ghetto originate? 60. Today about % of the world s 14 million Jews live in Europe compared to % a century ago. HOLY PLACES 61. DEFINE Pilgrimage - Holy Places for Christians Jerusalem Vatican City Home of Pope St. Peter s Basilica Roman Catholic 62. and are the universalizing religions that place the most emphasis on identifying shrines. Places are holy because they are locations of the important events in the life of or. Buddhist Shrines 63. How many places are holy to Buddhists because they were the locations of important events in Buddha s life? FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 6
64. Most important is in southern Nepal Buddha s birthplace around. 65. 2nd most important where Buddha reached perfect wisdom. 66. 3rd most important is in Sarnath where Buddha gave his first sermon. 67. 4th most important is where Buddha died at age 80 and passed into nirvana. 68. The four other sites were the locations of Buddha s principal multiple images of himself ascended to heaven tamed a wild elephant announcement of his death Islam 69. The holiest city for Muslims is - the birth place of Muhammad. 70. The holiest object in Islam is the a cube-like structure encased in silk which stands at the center of the Great Mosque, al-haram al-sharif. The Ka ba thought to have been built by Abraham and Ismael, contains a given to Abraham by Gabriel as a sign of the covenant with Ismael and the Muslim people. 71. TRUE or FALSE The Ka ba had been a religious shrine in Mecca centuries before the origin of Islam. 72. The al-haram Mosque also contains the well of, considered to have the same water source as that was used by Ismael and Hagar when they were wandering in the desert after exile from Canaan. 73. The second most holy place in Islam is, the third most holy place is Jerusalem. 74. Every healthy Muslim who has financial resources is expected to undertake a called a to Mecca. 75. How many Muslims participate in the Hajj every year from countries other than Saudi Arabia? Sikhism 76. Sikhism s most holy structure the or was built at at the Punjab, by Arjan the 5th guru, during the 7th century. Hinduism 77. Hindus consider a pilgrimage, knows as a, to be an act of. 78. Mt. Kailas, located at the source of the in the Himalayas is holy because Siva lives there. FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 7
79. Hindus believe that they achieve by bathing in the holy. 80. The is the holiest river in India because it is sup- THE CALENDAR Read this section of the text and take notes on the following: Important vocabulary terms How different religions use calendars Especially know the idea of solstice, what it is and examples of its observation. FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 8
TRUE or FALSE On a number of occasions, Buddhists during the Vietnam War, immolated (burned) themselves to protest policies of the government. RELIGION vs. RELIGION Read this section of the text and take notes on the following: Information from the main headings Events from Ireland Jerusalem (and the Crusades) Ongoing conflict between Jews and Muslims in Palestine and the Holy Lands (modern Israel and surrounding areas.) FARSON AP Human Geography F-104 9