The Enlightenment Dare to know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence! ~ Immanuel Kant
The Enlightenment Key Concepts: Reason Natural law Progress Liberty Happiness
The Enlightenment Essential Question: What intellectual developments led to the emergence of the Enlightenment?
The Popularization of Science Colbert Presenting the Members of the Royal Academy of Sciences to Louis XIV in 1667
The Popularization of Science
Bernard de Fontenelle
The Impact of Travel Literature
A New Skepticism
Cultural Relativism
PRECURSORS Newton and Locke
NEWTON Laws of Physics
NEWTON Rational View of the Universe
LOCKE tabula rasa
LOCKE Rational View of Government
The Enlightenment Essential Question: What intellectual developments led to the emergence of the Enlightenment?
Pair Share Turn to your elbow partner and discuss what this quote by Voltaire means to you. I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it
The Enlightenment Essential Question: Who were the leading figures of the Enlightenment, and what were their contributions?
PHILOSOPHE
PHILOSOPHE This is NOT a misspelling.
PHILOSOPHE It s FRENCH for philosopher.
PHILOSOPHE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHER
The Philosophes and Their Ideas They came from the middle class and nobility Cosmopolitan, but most were French They wanted to change the world, not discuss it Influenced by the Scientific Revolution and the ideas of John Locke
LOCKE tabula rasa
The Philosophes and Their Ideas They came from the middle class and nobility Cosmopolitan, but most were French They wanted to change the world, not discuss it Influenced by the Scientific Revolution and the ideas of John Locke They called for freedom of expression
VOLTAIRE French Philosophe, Author, & Playwright
ADVOCATE Freedom of Expression
ADVOCATE of Religious Toleration
CRITIC of Christianity ( Revealed Religion)
OTHER NOTABLE WORKS Letters on England Philosophical Dictionary Elements of Newton s Philosophy
Which countries or regions were at the center of the Enlightenment, and what could account for peripheral regions being less involved?
DIDEROT French Author and Editor
Photo by Giuseppe Milo Natural Religion
The Encyclopédie was a collaborative effort to compile and distribute a wide variety of knowledge from an enlightened perspective. Primary Source Reading
Physiocrates Founders of Modern Economics Rejected mercantilism favored laissez-faire policies Laisse-faire let people do as they choose
The Father of Modern Economics Photo by Andreas Praefcke
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the WEALTH of NATIONS Photo by Andreas Praefcke
Adam Smith Three Principles of Economics Free Trade Anti-tariff and mercantilism Labor was the source of a nations wealth The state should not interfere in economic matters (economic liberalism)
Adam Smith
Checking for Understanding Today I learned
MONTESQUIEU The Spirit of the Laws
GOVERNMENT Organized on Enlightenment Principles
SEPARATION Martha Ormiston (Noun Project) LEGISLATIVE EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL
CHECKS Each branch has oversight over the other branches. Erin Gillaspy (The Noun Project)
Man was born free and everywhere he is in chains. One man thinks himself the master of others, but remains more of a slave than they Any law that is made without the people voting for it is not a law at all.
ROUSSEAU The Social Contract
Rousseau s Social Contract protects the general will Government Social Contract People give power
What makes a government LEGITIMATE?
FREEDOM?
Submission to the GENERAL WILL
On Education
Women and the Enlightenment Salons
Women and the Enlightenment Mary Wollstonecraft Founder of modern feminism
Women and the Enlightenment Mary Wollstonecraft Argument 1. Pointed out contradictions in the philosophes views about women 2. Enlightenment was based on the idea that all men were reasonable 3. Advocated for the education of women
Short Answer Question Many historians argue that the Scientific Revolution is the most important cause of the Enlightenment. Answer parts A, B, and C. A. Briefly explain one reason that historians place such importance on the rise of science as a historical cause. B. Choose one piece of evidence and explain how it shows the importance of science on Enlightenment thought. C. Briefly explain one cause other than the scientific Revolution for the rise of the Enlightenment.
Crime and Punishment
Characteristics of Rococo Light-hearted depiction of upper class life
Characteristics of Rococo Light-hearted depiction of upper class life Elegantly dressed aristocrats at play
Characteristics of Rococo Light-hearted depiction of upper class life Elegantly dressed aristocrats at play Curves and pastel colors Secular themes
Rococo Architecture Balthasar Neumann
Rococo Architecture
Neoclassicism Jacques-Louis David
Oath of the Horatii
Classicism Music Mozart
The Writing of History
Popular Culture
Carnival
Taverns and Alcohol
Taverns and Alcohol
Pietism
Methodism