Scottish and English Reformations: John Knox & the English Royals

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Scottish and English Reformations: John Knox & the English Royals From the Reformation to the Constitution Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian billpetro.com/v7pc 04/18/2010 1

Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to Trace the development of Scottish Presbyterianism Discuss causes of the English Reformation Identify how English Royalty affected the Reformation 04/18/2010 2

Heidelberg Catechism Composed in Heidelberg at the request of Elector Frederick III, who ruled the Palatinate from 1559 to 1576. Zacharius Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus were coauthors January 19, 1563 the Elector writes, "with the advice and cooperation of our entire theological faculty in this place, and of all superintendents and distinguished servants of the church" he secured the preparation of the Heidelberg Catechism. Approved by a synod in Heidelberg in January 1563. Soon the catechism was divided into fifty-two sections so that it could be explained in preaching each Sunday of the year. 1618-1619: The Synod of Dort approved the Heidelberg Catechism 04/18/2010 3

Heidelberg Castle in its prime 04/18/2010 4

Heidelberg Castle today 04/18/2010 5

Heidelberg Castle above city 04/18/2010 6

Inside Heidelberg Castle 04/18/2010 7

Reformation Traditions 1517 Luther - Melanchthon Lutheran 1532 Calvin - Beza French-Swiss 1519 Zwingli - Bullinger German-Swiss 1525 Grebel Manz - Simonsz Swiss Brethren } Reformed Lutheranism Episcopal Presbyterian Scottish Presbyterian Dutch Reformed Anabaptist Congregational Mennonites English Sep English Baptists 1536 Henry VIII - Cranmer Anglican English Episcopal Church of England 04/18/2010 8

Calvinism Jumps the Channel 04/18/2010 9

04/18/2010 10

John Knox Thundering Scot Univ of St. Andrew 1536: Priest Wartime preacher Galley slave Exile in Geneva, Frankfurt Returns to Edinburgh Wrote Scots Confession 04/18/2010 11

Thunderous Blasts against Mary 5 personal interviews with Mary Queen of Scots 04/18/2010 12

St. Giles Cathedral, Edinburgh 04/18/2010 13

Mary Stuart Mary Queen of Scots Henry VII s Grand-daughter Marries Francis II of France France claims Scotland Mary claims England Knox preaches against Mary Son James VI: James I of England 04/18/2010 14

Why was there an English Reformation? Lollards: Wycliffe s followers at Oxford Early Humanists: Erasmus, Thomas More Early Reformers: William Tyndale Tyndale s was first printed Bible Wycliffe s was hand copied Luther s Writings Henry VIII s marital problems 04/18/2010 15

Henry VIII Second son, after Arthur Clergy, theologian Married Catherine, brother s wife -- to keep dowry Sonless, annulment? Pope refused 04/18/2010 16

6 Wives of Henry VIII Mary Elizabeth Edward 04/18/2010 17

Henry s Actions 1532: Submission of the clergy 1534: Act of Supremacy 1536: Closed all monasteries 1539: Six Articles Nationalized Church Still Roman Catholic in doctrine 04/18/2010 18

Thomas Cranmer Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury Book of Common Prayer 04/18/2010 19

04/18/2010 20

Reformed Catholicism 1509 Henry VIII 04/18/2010 21

Edward VI Boy king 2 Regents Tutored by Henry Bullinger Chaplain: John Knox Married Lady Jane Gray 04/18/2010 22

Reformed Catholicism 1509 1547 Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI 04/18/2010 23

Mary Tudor Bloody Mary, 1553 Married Spanish Philip II, enemy of England Restored Papacy Persecuted Englishmen 300 Smithfield martyrs Marian exiles: Geneva, Frankfurt, Zurich 04/18/2010 24

Oxford Martyrs Latimer, Ridley Cranmer 04/18/2010 25

Broad Street Monument 04/18/2010 26

Reformed Catholicism Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI Militant Catholicism 1509 1547 1553 Mary Tudor 04/18/2010 27

Couldn t be Catholic illegitimate in Rome Elizabeth I Didn t like Protestantism Via Media Protestant Doctrine Catholic Rituals Lived long 04/18/2010 28

Reformed Catholicism Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI Militant Catholicism 1509 1547 1553 1558 Mary Tudor Anglicanism Elizabeth 1603 Rise of Puritanism 04/18/2010 29

James VI of Scotland James I Puritans petitioned for change in church government Hampton Court Conference: Refused Permitted new Bible translation Reissued Book of Sport riled the Puritans 04/18/2010 30

Charles I Absolute authority Appointed Laud: AB of C Arminian Puritan Calvinists reacted Abolished Parliament: 1629-1640 Civil War: 1642-46 Cavaliers - loyalists Roundheads - Puritans 04/18/2010 31

Reformed Catholicism Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI Militant Catholicism 1509 1547 1553 1558 Mary Tudor Anglicanism Elizabeth 1603 Enforced James I 1625 Episcopalianism Charles I Tudors Stuarts 04/18/2010 32

Oliver Cromwell Member of Parliament Head Parliamentary Army Lord Protector, Head of State England Scotland Ireland 04/18/2010 33

Reformed Catholicism Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI Militant Catholicism 1509 1547 1553 1558 Mary Tudor Anglicanism Elizabeth 1603 Enforced James I 1625 Episcopalianism Charles I 1640 Transcendent Presbyterian 1649 Puritanism Independent 1660 Long Parliament 04/18/2010 34

04/18/2010 35

Westminster Assembly 1643-48 Directory of Church Government Westminster Confession Shorter &Longer Catechisms 04/18/2010 36

Charles II Restoration of Monarchy Episcopacy returned Puritans were persecuted 04/18/2010 37

James II A Catholic Forced to abdicate 04/18/2010 38

Reformed Catholicism Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI Militant Catholicism 1509 1547 1553 1558 Mary Tudor Anglicanism Elizabeth Enforced James I 1625 Episcopalianism Charles I Transcendent Presbyterian 1649 Puritanism Independent Enforced Episcopalianism 1603 1640 1660 1685 Charles II James II Restoration 04/18/2010 39

Glorious Revolution Mary: James oldest daughter William: Ruler of the Dutch Religious Toleration William & Mary 04/18/2010 40

Reformed Catholicism Henry VIII Advanced Protestantism Edward VI Militant Catholicism Mary Tudor Anglicanism Elizabeth Enforced James I 1625 Episcopalianism Charles I Transcendent Presbyterian 1649 Puritanism Independent Enforced Episcopalianism Religious Toleration 1509 1547 1553 1558 1603 1640 1660 1685 1689 Charles II James II William & Mary 04/18/2010 41 Tudors Stuarts Glorious Revolution

04/18/2010 42

1-Word Summary Catholic Church Merit Luther Justification Zwingli Sovereignty Anabaptists Believer s Baptism Calvin Omnipotence Arminius Ability Calvinism TULIP Knox Thundering Henry VIII Married 04/18/2010 43

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