Monday, November 17, 2014 Revolution Brings Reform & Terror Take Out: HW! AKA Friday s classwork Writing utensil Notes Today: The French Revolution Revolution Brings Reform & Terror Homework: Online Revolution Brings Reform & Terror Friday Quiz! French Revolution August 4, 1789 action at the National Assembly Old Regime is dead Commoners = nobles = clergy = NO ESTATES Later in August, 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen document declaring rights of man & key ideas of the revolution Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Rights = liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression Guaranteed citizens: equal, justice, freedoms of speech and religion 1
Slogan of the Revolution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity Assembly decides to take over church land Sell land to pay off France s debt This means This means Church taken under state control church officials work for Church taken under state control church officials work for Peasant reaction = Peasant reaction = Angry! Louis XVI & Family Louis XVI living in Paris with family June, 1791 royal family tries to escape to Austrian Netherlands Captured and taken back to Paris Divisions Grow in National Assembly Next 2 years: National Assembly argues over constitution September, 1791 Louis approves new gvt New gvt: Legislative Assembly a constitutional monarchy 2
However: Old problems still remain (lack of food, debt) Legislative Assembly splits into 3 groups over how to handle these problems Radicals: want major changes on LEFT! these groups are within the Moderates: want some changes (nothing crazy) MIDDLE! Conservatives: want no changes on RIGHT! Legislative Assembly splits into 3 groups over how to handle these problems Divisions Grow Also groups outside of too Emigres: nobles and others who had left France want Old Regime back 3
Other countries in Europe worried could revolution happen here? Austria and Prussia want Louis back as king April, 1792 Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria & Prussia By summer, 1792 Prussian forces closing in on Paris August 10, 1792 20,000 French men and women invaded palace where royal family is living Will destroy Paris if anything happens to royal family Threat angers people of Paris 4
August 10, 1792 20,000 men and women invaded palace where royal family is living Rumors spread that prisoners plan to break out and free King Louis Mob kills royal guards Takes Louis, Marie Antoinette, and children prisoners September Massacres murder over 1,000 nobles, priests, and royal supporters Citizens in Paris angry and scared respond by raiding prisons Government Changes Again Legislative Assembly throws out constitution from 1791 Fall, 1792: New = National Convention new election! New! Government Changes Again French Revolution So Far New = National Convention new election! New! France = now a Republic (no more king & monarchy!) 1789 1794 1799 All adult male citizens can vote / hold office (but not women ) 5
Jacobins: radical political organization - on LEFT! January 21, 1793 King Louis XVI executed Ordered by Jacobins Most of people involved in changes in 1792 Now take control of Maximilien Robespierre = Jacobin leader Head of Committee of Public Safety Reign of Terror period when Robespierre controlled France 1793 1794 Used the guillotine to execute enemies Reign of Terror Reign of Terror period when Robespierre controlled France 1793 1794-40,000 executed - 85% peasants or urban poor 6
Reign of Terror Ends Reign of Terror ends as people fear for their lives July 28, 1794 Robespierre sent to the guillotine Reign of Terror Ends Reign of Terror ends people fear for their lives LEFT CENTER RIGHT Thermidorian Reaction - radical revolution base loses power More moderate, central group takes over 7