EXTRAORDINARY MINISTER OF HOLY COMMUNION GENERAL NOTES FOR ALL MINISTERS (Updated December 2014) 1. The enrollment in the Extraordinary Minister of Holy Communion (EMHC) ministry constitutes a commitment to accept a variety of assignments related to that ministry. Ministers must be conscientious in fulfilling any scheduled assignment. As such, an EMHC is expected to show up for any scheduled activity, or to arrange for a suitable substitute. It is never acceptable to just not show up, with the expectation that another minister can be pulled from the congregation to take his/her place. 2. Specific roles of the Extraordinary Minister of Holy Communion in our parish includes: a. Distributing Holy Communion in the parish for which the mandate from the Bishop is given. If the EMHC moves to another parish, the mandate may or may not be transferred, at the discretion of the receiving Bishop; b. Bringing Holy Communion to the homes of the sick or aged members of the parish, at the request of and/or the approval of the Pastor; c. Bringing Holy Communion to a hospital or nursing home, with the approval of the Pastor; d. Administering Holy Communion under both species consecrated bread and wine; e. Being entrusted with the tabernacle key; f. Assisting in the purification of the sacred vessels used at Mass, as needed; g. Exposing the Blessed Sacrament for adoration by the faithful, when a priest or deacon is unable to be present; h. Saying the prayer, but not blessing throats, on the Feast of St. Blasé; i. Distributing ashes on Ash Wednesday; j. Providing transportation for one or more priests who are scheduled for the Sacrament of Reconciliation in our parish; k. Serve a period of Eucharistic Adoration on Holy Thursday and Forty Hours Devotion; and l. Other similar duties as assigned or requested by the Pastor or Mass Celebrant. 3. Attire, even when not serving, should speak of the dignity of the Extraordinary Minister of Holy Communion ministry. 4. All Ministers should arrive in the sacristy in sufficient time to assist in setting up the Offertory Table and Credence Table, as necessary, or for any special instructions or changes. Use the time before Mass for prayerful preparation. 5. Ministers of the Cup should always be aware of any Communicant who approaches the Cup with the intention of intincting the Host in the Precious Page 1
Blood. This is especially true at the Easter and Christmas Masses, when visitors from other parishes may attempt this method of receiving. The communicant must not be permitted to intinct the Host himself in the Cup. 6. All Ministers, especially Ministers of the Cup, should take special care to ensure that the Host is consumed by the Communicant in the presence of the Minister, so that no one leaves the sanctuary area carrying the Eucharistic species in his hand. Any problem should be immediately brought to the attention of the Celebrant, so as not to risk the Communicant from leaving the church with an unconsumed Host and profaning it. 7. It is not licit for the faithful to take by themselves and, still less, to hand from one to another the sacred Host or the Cup. In other words, the Host and the Cup must be offered to the Communicant by an ordained or lay minister, as opposed to the Communicant taking a Host directly from the ciborium, or offering a spouse or other Communicant the Cup after consuming. Again, this is something to be cognizant of especially during the Easter and Christmas season. 8. If the Host or some identifiable particle of it should fall on the floor, it should be picked up reverently by the minister. The Host may be then consumed or placed on the altar server s paten so as to be consumed later by the Celebrant. 9. If the Precious Blood is spilled, the area should be covered by a purificator to prevent it from being trampled by foot traffic. After Mass, the area should be thoroughly washed with clean water, and the wash water should be poured down the sacrarium. 10. The Minister of the Cup should wipe and turn the communion cup after each use, using the purificator. The purificator should be turned as well. 11. To assist in ensuring that a sufficient number of hosts (consecrated and unconsecrated) are available for Mass, Ministers-in-Charge should be aware of the following facts: a. Our church, when every seat is occupied, holds approximately 730 people. b. The gold, flat ciborium used for weekend Masses, when approximately half-full (the usual level for most Masses), holds approximately 100 hosts. c. Each silver ciborium, when filled level to the top, holds approximately 175 hosts. If shaken so as to consolidate, each of these ciboria holds approximately 225 hosts. Page 2
EXTRAORDINARY MINISTER OF HOLY COMMUNION MASS PROCEDURES (Updated December 2014) MINISTER-IN-CHARGE DUTIES BEFORE MASS: 1. Arrive at least 20 minutes before the beginning of Mass. Turn on the church lights upon arrival in the sacristy push Button #1 on the light pad above the Priest s Sacristy light switch. 2. Place the following items on the Offertory Table (at the rear of church, behind the last pew on the left side of the center aisle). See PHOTO 1. Never stack vessels on top of one another when transporting them to and from the sacristy: a. One Cruet, filled with wine b. One Cruet, filled with water c. One Flat Ciborium (Paten), filled with hosts, if a visiting priest also put a large host on top d. Extra Ciboria, filled with hosts, if needed. Check the tabernacle for the amount of consecrated hosts (leave key in tabernacle). NOTE: For Masses with 7 Extraordinary Ministers, it is essential that there be a minimum of four ciboria available (including the ciboria in the tabernacle and the flat ciborium) for the distribution of Hosts at Communion PHOTO 1 Page 3
3. For the 9:00 AM Mass on Sundays when Ministers will make Messiah Village visits, It is recommended that the number of Messiah residents to be visited be checked by looking in the three blue Communion To The Sick booklets in the Messiah drawer in the Ministers Sacristy. The Messiah Village resident list located inside the front cover of each Communion To The Sick booklet gives the number of unconsecrated hosts to be placed in the 3 pyx. 4. Place the following items on the Credence Table (see PHOTO 2): a. Four Communion Cups b. Celebrant s Chalice. NOTE: If the Celebrant s chalice has a corresponding paten (see Attachment 4), the large unconsecrated host is placed on this paten, and not in the flat ciborium (paten) on the Offertory Table (see Item 2b, above). Also, if the Celebrant s chalice has an accompanying chalice veil, see Attachment 5 for it s placement c. Two Corporals d. Five Purificators e. Missal. At the 5:30 PM Mass, do not place the Missal on the credence table until the Celebrant has properly located the ribbons f. The appropriate number of Pyx (9:00 AM Mass only) see Item 3 above. The black leather pyx cases (burses) are not placed on the credence table, but are left in the Ministers Sacristy. Currently three Ministers make visits to Messiah Village on Sundays. g. Verify that the following items are on or near the Credence Table (see PHOTO 2): PHOTO 2 Page 4
h. Four Patens for the altar servers i. Gold Finger Bowl, Gold Pitcher (called a lavabo ; check that it has a small amount (1-2 ) of water) and Small Finger Towel j. Candle Snuffer/Taper, and Matches 5. Fill the glass pitcher located in the Ministers Sacristy cabinet above the sacrarium with wine to the top red mark (midway between the two red marks for the 7:30 AM Mass, and to the bottom red mark for any Mass with only 3 EMHC s serving). Fill the communion cups located on the credence table with an equal amount of wine, to about 1½ inches from the top of each Communion Cup. Take the Cups into the credence table closet to be filled, after which the Cups are returned to the credence table. Cover the Communion Cups with two of the purificators. Thoroughly rinse out the glass pitcher in the sink in the Ministers Sacristy, and then dry it using a white hand towel located in the Ministers Sacristy drawer. The hand towel should be left on the Ministers Sacristy counter by the sink for the remaining weekend Masses, and placed in the soiled linen basket after the 11:00 AM Mass. Only one hand towel should be used per weekend. Do not dry the glass pitcher with a purificator. After drying, return the glass pitcher to the Ministers Sacristy cabinet. NOTE: The Communion Cups must not be filled in the Sacristy and then carried through the church to the credence table. 6. Light the two tabernacle candles and the two altar candles with the snuffer/taper 10-15 minutes before the beginning of Mass. 7. Make sure that the altar servers are properly vested. 8. If necessary, find substitute Extraordinary Ministers, altar servers and lector approximately 5-10 minutes before the beginning of Mass. 9. Light the two acolyte candles 5 minutes before Mass. Make sure the candles are of adequate length. Replace if necessary. MINISTER-IN-CHARGE DUTIES AFTER MASS: 1. Extinguish all candles with the snuffer, taking care not to press the gold candle trailer down into the melted wax with the snuffer. 2. Check the remaining burn-time on all candles. Replace if necessary. 3. All purification of sacred vessels must be performed in the sacrarium in the Ministers Sacristy. Purify the Communion Cups, Celebrant s chalice, and all ciboria with a small amount of water from the Ministers Sacristy sink. Begin by pouring a small amount of water into the Celebrant s chalice, swirl, then empty the contents into one of the Communion Cups. Repeat the procedure, pouring the water from cup to cup. Pour another small amount of water into the flat Page 5
ciborium, swirl, then empty the contents into any other empty ciborium. After the last ciborium has been rinsed, pour the water into one of the Communion Cups. Consume the remaining water after the last cup has been rinsed. (For detailed purification procedures, see Attachment 6). 4. To prevent pitting, perform a second rinse of the Communion Cups and Celebrant s chalice at the Sacristy sink, using enough water to thoroughly clean the inside of each vessel. The water should then be poured into the sacrarium (not the sink). Use a finger towel located in the Ministers Sacristy drawer to dry all sacred vessels. Be careful that rings and other jewelry do not scratch any of the vessels. NOTE: Under no circumstances should any of the vessels (Communion Cups or chalices or ciboria) ever be submerged in the sink. 5. After the 5:30 PM and 11:00 AM Masses, return the following items to their proper locations in the Ministers Sacristy: a. Communion Cups b. Celebrant s chalice c. Empty ciboria d. Cruets e. Stained purificators and stained corporals f. Tabernacle key 6. After the 5:30 PM Mass, the following items may be returned to their proper locations in the Ministers Sacristy, or else left on the credence table: a. Missal b. Unstained corporals 7. After the 7:30 AM and 9:00 AM Masses, leave the Communion Cups, Missal, corporals (if not stained) and Celebrant s chalice (if the same Celebrant will celebrate the next Mass) on the credence table. Leave the tabernacle key in the tabernacle. Although not required, current custom has the Minister-in-Charge replace the items on the Offertory Table and the credence table, to aid the Minister-in-Charge for the next Mass. Do not replace these items after the 5:30 PM and 11:00 AM Masses. 8. After the 11:00 AM Mass, the Minister-in-Charge is responsible for setting up for daily Mass. Before setting up ask Monsignor King or check the bulletin to see if there will be a Monday Mass. See the section of these Procedures hereinafter entitled AFTER MASS for details on how to do this. Page 6
MASS PROCEDURES 1. ENTRANCE a. Line up two minutes before Mass in the vestibule and maintain a reverent silence. b. Order of procession with the Deacon (1) Cross-Bearer, flanked by the two Acolytes (2) Altar Server (3) Minister 1 (EMHC1) and Minister 4 (EMHC4) (4) Minister of Host 1 (MOH1) and Minister 3 (EMHC3) (5) Minister-in-Charge (MIC) and Minister of Host 2 (MOH2) (6) Deacon (7) Celebrant c. Order of procession without the Deacon (1) Cross-Bearer, flanked by the two Acolytes (2) Altar Server (3) Minister 1 (EMHC1) and Minister 4 (EMHC4) (4) Minister 2 (EMHC2) and Minister 3 (EMHC3) (5) Minister of Host 1 (MOH1) and Minister of Host 2 (MOH2) (6) Minister-in-Charge (MIC) (7) Lector (8) Celebrant d. As each pair of EMHC s reach the foot of the altar, they spread out around the foot of the altar. e. When the Celebrant reaches the altar, all bow toward the altar and genuflect toward the tabernacle except the Cross-Bearer and Acolytes. f. No bow is performed in conjunction with the Celebrant kissing the altar. Instead, the Ministers immediately move to their respective pew positions, as follows: With the Deacon ALTAR MIC EMHC1 MOH1 EMHC3 MOH2 EMHC4 Without the Deacon ALTAR MIC EMHC1 MOH1 EMHC2 EMHC3 MOH2 EMHC4 Page 7
2. OFFERTORY (PREPARATION OF THE GIFTS) a. The Minister-in-Charge ensures that the Cross-Bearer and Acolytes proceed to the back of church for the Offertory procession. b. The Minister-in-Charge proceeds to the credence table, and picks up the Missal with stand, two corporals, purificators, and pyx (at the 9:00 AM Mass, if applicable). c. If the Deacon is serving at the Mass the MIC hands the Deacon the Missal, two corporals, purificators, and pyx and goes back to the credence table and picks up the chalice to give to the Deacon. If there chalice veil on the chalice the MIC waits in front of the pulpit for the Deacon to hand them the Veil and then places it on the credence table. d. If the Deacon is not serving, he/she then prepares the altar, starting with the opening of the corporals. It is recommended that the corporal on the right side of the altar be opened first. For the proper method of folding and unfolding the corporals, see Attachment 1. The corporals should be unfolded while lying flat on the altar. At no time should either corporal be waved in the air while opening it or when re-orienting it so that its red cross faces the celebrant. The purificators are placed in a staggered fashion in the space between the two corporals. The Celebrant s chalice is placed in the upper right corner of the center corporal. (See Attachment 3). The Missal is opened to the first ribbon, and oriented on the altar as shown in PHOTO 3. If applicable, the chalice veil is folded (see Attachment 5) and placed on the credence table before the Minister-in- Charge returns to his/her pew. At the 9:00 AM Mass, if applicable, the Minister-in-Charge places the pyx with their lids opened on the corporal on the right side of the altar. See PHOTO 4. PHOTO 3 Page 8
e. When finished dressing the altar, the Minister-in-Charge bows to the Celebrant and returns to his/her pew. f. The two Ministers seated on the pulpit side (EMHC1 and EMHC2 or MOH1) proceed to the credence table, removes two of the Communion Cups and the purificator covering them from the table, and takes them to the altar, placing them along the right edge of the altar on the corporal located on the right side of the altar. See PHOTO 4. PHOTO 4 g. If the Deacon is not serving, the Minister who placed the cups on the altar first should proceed to the credence table, removes the Celebrant s chalice, and takes it to the altar. When the Minister-In-Charge is finished placing the center corporal on the altar, the Minister places the chalice on the corporal. h. The Ministers seated closest to the organ have no duties to perform at Offertory, and remains seated. i. When the Celebrant approaches the foot of the altar to receive the Offertory gifts, the two Ministers seated closest to the center aisle (EMHC2/MOH1 and EMHC3) leave their pews and stand at the foot of the altar next to the altar servers, and face the rear of the church. If the Celebrant gives either of these Ministers the flat ciborium, that Minister will hand the ciborium to the Celebrant across the altar after the Celebrant returns to the altar. Any other ciboria are placed by the Minister(s) on the corporal located on the right side of the altar. Ciboria covers, if present, should not be placed on the corporals. See PHOTO 4. After returning to the foot of the altar, EMHC2/MOH1 and EMHC3 give a slight, reverent Page 9
bow of the head at the foot of the altar while facing the altar before proceeding to their pews. 3. COMMUNION a. After the Lamb of God, all Ministers kneel along with the rest of the congregation. b. The Celebrant/Deacon will retrieve the ciboria from the tabernacle, present the Host ( Behold the Lamb of God ), and consume the Host. After the Celebrant has consumed the Host, all the EMHC s will assume the positions in the sanctuary as shown in Attachment 3 at the same time the Celebrant is consuming the Precious Blood. Do not wait until after the Celebrant consumes from the chalice to enter the sanctuary, as this will delay the start of distribution of Communion to the Ministers. c. Ministers normally receive Communion under both species, each with an appropriate head bow. When the Celebrant/Deacon offers the Cup, Ministers should take the purificator from him immediately, before consuming. The other Ministers receive the Precious Blood by passing the Communion Cup from Minister to Minister. d. The Celebrant/Deacon will hand the remaining cups to the Ministers of the Cup, who proceed to their assigned stations. The two Ministers seated closest to the center aisle during Mass (EMHC2 and EMHC3) are stationed at the end of the center aisle. The other two Ministers (EMHC1 and EMHC4) are stationed near the credence table and the tabernacle side wall, respectively. See Attachment 2. e. The Celebrant will hand a ciborium to the Minister-in-Charge and if applicable, to the Ministers of the Host, who proceed to their assigned stations. The Minister of the Host on the pulpit side (MOH1) is stationed with the Celebrant/Minister-in-Charge at the side aisle near the pulpit. The Celebrant/Minister-in-Charge and the Minister of the Host on the organ side (MOH2) are stationed at the side aisle near the organ. See Attachment 2. f. Communion to the congregation will begin with the distribution of the Host to the four altar servers with patens. After receiving, each server will assist at the station of the Celebrant or Minister who gave him/her Communion. g. Ministers must only say The Body of Christ and The Blood of Christ when distributing the consecrated Host or the Precious Blood. They are never to address the Communicant by name. h. It is not recommended that the Ministers of the Cup leave their Communion station area to offer the Precious Blood to handicapped or infirm members of the congregation. 4. POST-COMMUNION a. When the last of the congregation have received Communion, the Ministers of the Cup turn to face the altar and consume the remaining Precious Blood. The inside of the cup should not be wiped with the purificator. If the Deacon is serving, he will give his cup and purificator to Page 10
EMHC3. The Ministers return the Communion Cups and purificators to the daily mass table, and then return to their pews. On their return, at the foot of the altar EMHC3 and EMHC4 should give a slight, reverent bow of the head while facing the altar before proceeding to their pews. b. The Ministers of the Host, if applicable, return their ciborium to the center altar corporal, and then return to their pews and kneel until the rest of the congregation sits when the Celebrant returns to his chair. c. All Ministers, including the Ministers of the Host, kneel until the Celebrant returns to his chair. d. At the 9:00 AM Mass, if applicable, the Celebrant/Deacon will hand a pyx to the Ministers who will be making visits to Messiah Village. e. The Celebrant (or another ordained Minister, if present) will return the ciboria of consecrated Hosts to the tabernacle. The Minister-In-Charge (or any other EMHC) should not perform this duty unless requested. f. The Celebrant/Deacon will purify some of the sacred vessels at the altar and will take the chalice to the credence table to purify along with the cups. g. The Minister-in-Chargere moves all remaining Mass items from the altar (usually limited to the two corporals, the Missal with stand, and the tabernacle key after the 5:30 PM and 11:00 AM Masses), bows to the Celebrant before leaving the sanctuary, places the items on the credence table, and returns to his/her pew. See Attachment 1 for the proper method of re-folding the corporals. 5. CONCLUDING RITES a. After the first verse of the concluding song, the Minister-in-Charge signals the Cross-Bearer and Acolytes to take up their respective items and assume their places in the center aisle. b. When the Celebrant approaches the altar, all Ministers bow simultaneously with the Celebrant. c. All Ministers and the lector then leave their pews, approach the foot of the altar, bow to the altar with the Celebrant and genuflect to the tabernacle. They will then recess in the same order in which they processed in. However, the Minister-in-Charge does not recess, but returns to the credence table for purification procedures, after the end of the concluding song. AFTER MASS 1. It is recommended that all Ministers assist the Minister-in-Charge with extinguishing candles, transporting vessels, replenishing ciboria, cruets and purificators, etc. 2. After the 11:00 AM Mass, it is recommended that all Ministers assist in setting up the altar for the daily Mass, if applicable. The vessels, linens and other necessary items can usually be found in the Daily Mass cabinet in the Priest s Sacristy or Page 11
in the credence table closet, although the glass bowl for hosts and the flat ciborium for daily Mass are sometimes found in the cabinet behind the last pew at the cry room entrance to the church. 3. To set up for the Monday daily Mass, the following items should be placed on the small daily Mass table (see PHOTO 5): Daily Mass Chalice, with Pall, placed to the right of the purificator One Corporal, unfolded, placed on the Pall One Purificator, placed to the Pall One Cruet, filled with wine One Cruet, filled with water Gold Plate on which the two cruets rest, placed against the right edge of the altar, at a slight angle Glass Finger Bowl, half-filled with water, placed at the right corner of the altar Finger Towel, placed to the left of the finger bowl PHOTO 5 The following will be put on the altar: Missal with stand placed to the right side of the altar. The Missal may be left closed if the exact page to which it should be opened cannot be determined 4. The following items should be placed on the pulpit: a. Daily Mass Lectionary. This is a dark green ring binder with a gold cross on the cover, and the word Lectionary on the spine. The lectionary should be opened to the correct Monday date Page 12
b. Daily General Intercessions Book. This is a maroon ring binder with a grey Host, Dove and Book on the cover, and the words Commentary And General Intercessions on the spine. The intercessions book should be opened to the correct Monday date, and should be placed underneath the lectionary c. Plastic sheet containing Prayer of the Faithful Responses. The sheet should be placed under the intercessions book, on the left side of the pulpit 5. The following items should be placed on the ledge behind the last pew at the office entrance to the church: a. Glass Bowl, filled with small hosts b. Daily Flat Ciborium, with one large host 6. When finished, the Minister-in-Charge turns off the church lights push the Off Light Bulb button on the light pad at the altar or in the Priest s Sacristy. ATTACHMENT 1 Unfolding the Corporal on the Altar ATTACHMENT 2 Extraordinary Minister Positions for Distribution of Communion Under Both Species at Mass ATTACHMENT 3 Extraordinary Minister Positions on the Altar for Reception of Communion ATTACHMENT 4 Method of Assembling Chalice and Paten ATTACHMENT 5 Method of Folding Chalice Veil ATTACHMENT 6 Purification Procedures Page 13
UNFOLDING THE CORPORAL ON THE ALTAR ATTACHMENT 1 STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 LEFT RIGHT STEP 4 TOP UP ( STEP 5 HEM BOTTOM DOWN ( + WHEN RE-FOLDING THE CORPORAL, REVERSE THE STEPS ABOVE Page 14
ATTACHMENT 2 EXTRAORDINARY MINISTER POSITIONS FOR DISTRIBUTION OF COMMUNION UNDER BOTH SPECIES AT MASS ALTAR COMMUNION POSITIONS FOR MASSES WITH 5 MINISTERS ALTAR COMMUNION POSITIONS FOR MASSES WITH 7 MINISTERS ALTAR FIRST COMMUNION POSITION FOR SPECIAL MASSES WITH ONLY THREE MINISTERS ALTAR SECOND COMMUNION POSITION FOR SPECIAL MASSES WITH ONLY THREE MINISTERS KEY: = Location for Minister of the Cup = Location for Minister of the Host M ASSPROCED--ATTACH2.XLS Page 15
ATTACHMENT 3 EXTRAORDINARY MINISTER POSITIONS ON THE ALTAR FOR RECEPTION OF COMMUNION PULPIT TABERNACLE Minister-in-Charge EMHC4 EMHC1 EMHC3 EMHC2 ALTAR POSITIONS FOR MASSES WITH 5 MINISTERS PULPIT TABERNACLE EMHC1 MOH1 EMHC2 < Minister-in-Charge EMHC4 MOH2 EMHC3 ALTAR POSITIONS FOR MASSES WITH 7 MINISTERS = Location for Minister of the Cup KEY: = Location for Cantor = Location for Minister of the Host M ASSPROCED--ATTACH3.XLS Page 16
METHOD OF ASSEMBLING CHALICE AND PATEN ATTACHMENT 4 Ministers-In-Charge for Masses in which the Celebrant uses a Chalice and matching Paten should assemble the same on the credence table as follows: Place one of the five purificators on top of the chalice, unfolded lengthwise. Seat the purificator, to prevent it from sliding off the chalice, by pushing the middle of the purificator halfway down the cup part of the chalice. Place the paten on top of the purificator. At no time, either before Mass or during the purifying procedure afterwards, should the paten be placed directly on top of the chalice, so as not to scratch either of the sacred vessels. One large host should be placed on the paten, instead of in the gold ciborium as is usually the case. A pall should be placed on top of the paten. Use the pall that usually accompanies the Daily Mass Chalice, or else the Celebrant s personal pall. When dressing the altar at the Preparation of the Gifts, the entire chalice assembly should be placed on the center corporal. It should not be disassembled. This assembly is shown in the following photo (minus the pall). Page 17
METHOD OF FOLDING CHALICE VEIL ATTACHMENT 5 Occasionally, the Mass Celebrant uses a chalice veil, with or without a Paten that matches his Chalice. Ministers-In-Charge should be aware of the appropriate procedure for folding the chalice veil, as follows: Step 1 (see photos below) shows the chalice as it would appear when it is brought to the altar at the Preparation of the Gifts. Theoretically, the cross on the veil should face the people when the chalice is placed on the altar, but since the veil will be immediately unfolded and removed, to spend a lot of time rotating the chalice serves no useful purpose. Step 2 shows the results of the first fold, in which the back third of the veil (the part of the veil opposite the cross ) is brought up to the front edge of the pall. Step 3 shows the result of the second fold, in which the front part of the veil is brought up to the back edge of the pall. In Step 4, the right and left edges are brought up and folded on top of the pall (the order of folding is immaterial). The veil is then removed from the chalice, and placed on the credence table. It is not used for the remainder of the Mass. STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 Page 18