The Enlightenment: Five Big Ideas

The Enlightenment: Five Big Ideas Think of this as a con8nua8on of the Scien8fic Revolu8on the focus is on inves8ga8on and Reason. Start with Isaac Newton and John Locke as major influences: Natural Laws and Natural Rights Impact of the growth of Print Culture = more publica8ons = increased spread of ideas and debate. Focus on Natural Laws, and Governments that should include the par8cipa8on of the People. Huge influence of the Enlightenment leading to the French Revolu8on. This is as an8- Absolu8st, and a clear challenge to the Roman Catholic Church s focus on Faith, rather than Reason.

The Enlightenment: Primarily in England and in France We will see Enlightened monarchs in Eastern Europe 1688-1780 Where/ When?

The Enlightenment: Decline of the power and influence of the Catholic Church: Reason confronts Faith ExploraDon/ Expansion New Ideas, technology = InvesDgate Impact of Absolute rule and Divine Right, Censorship = Unreasonable control ScienDfic RevoluDon = ObservaDon, Experience, Reason, physical World, Natural Law What Factors? Why Now? Print Culture = spread of ideas separate from control of Church or Monarch.

The Enlightenment: Re- assessing the Social Contract = a leader needs to represent and protect cidzen s rights Just as Laws govern the Universe, there are Natural Rights that all humans possess. Deism is the new religion that want Reason combined with Faith religion cannot just be Blind Faith View of the Universe as a mechanism that can be studied = God is a radonal being Key Facets/ Characte risdcs This is an Age of Individualism and simply being a subject to a King is no longer acceptable.

Let s Pause: Adam Smith and Wealth of Na8ons. 1776 Smith Publishes Wealth Argues that Government s role is to provide basic services, build roads and protect its borders. However, Mercan8le control of trade and business must stop. Smith felt that Man s inherent greed is good unfexered compe88on would lead to bexer products. Supply and Demand (the Invisible Hand) would create true Wealth This is the basis of the Modern Capitalist system. It reflects Enlightenment beliefs in Reason, and the power of the individual.

The Enlightenment: Voltaire SaDrist cridcizing the Roman Catholic Church as fanadcs and based on supersddous Montesquieu Proposes a SeparaDon of Powers for a Monarchy Isaac Newton influence based on a Universe governed by Natural Laws - MechanisDc Rousseau his Social Contract proposes that individuals give up some freedom to really be free. John Locke Man possesses Natural Rights Man is born with a Tabula Rasa Key People/ Groups Enlightened Monarchs Kings and queens influenced by the Enlightenment

The Enlightenment: 1748 Montesquieu publishes Spirit of the Laws. 1759 Voltaire publishes Candide. 1762 Rousseau publishes The Social Contract. 1687 John Locke publishes 1 st and 2 nd TreaDse on Government. Key Events 1776 Adam Smith publishes the Wealth of NaDons.

The Enlightenment: Focus on the importance and power of the Individual FoundaDon of the concept of Capitalism Belief that Mankind possesses Rights, they are not given Challenges to established ideas of Monarchies Impact of this Age God is a radonal being, and that Religion should have Reason as well as faith

Thema8c Essay: Use Enlightenment Theme: Change Not all revolutions are political. Nonpolitical revolutions have brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes to societies. Task: Identify two nonpolitical revolutions that brought important intellectual, economic, and/or social changes to societies and for each Describe one change brought about by this nonpolitical revolution Discuss an impact this nonpolitical revolution had on a specific society or societies You may use any nonpolitical revolution that brought important intellectual, economic,

Thema8c Basics Change Brought About Non- PoliDcal Rev.: Change = The Enlightenment Impact

Thema8c Essay: John Locke Theme: Change Task: The ideas and beliefs of philosophers and leaders have led to changes in nations and regions. Choose two philosophers and/or leaders and for each Explain a major idea or belief of that philosopher or leader Discuss how that idea or belief changed one nation or region You may use any philosophers or leaders from your study of global history. Some suggestions you might wish to consider include Confucius, John Locke, Adam Smith, Simón Bolívar, Otto von Bismarck, Vladimir Lenin, Mohandas Gandhi, Mao Zedong, Fidel Castro, or Nelson Mandela.

Thema8c Basics: Major Idea(s) Philosopher/ Ideas/Change Lead to Change in a NaDon/ Region