Surah Ar-Rahman (Ayah 13-20) March 2, 2013 [This is a transcript of a lecture given by Sister Eman al Obaid. We ask Allah subhana wa ta ala for His forgiveness and His Mercy. Anything that is good from these notes is from Allah subhana wa ta ala. Any mistakes & misrepresentations are my own. I ask Allah subhana wa ta ala for His forgiveness and to put forgiveness in the hearts of those who read them. JazakAllah Khairan.]
Surah Ar-Rahman (Ayah 13-20) March 2, 2013 Introduction The theme or the central idea of Surah Ar- Rahman is نعمم االررحمانن which means the blessings and bounties of Ar- Rahman. Now the Surah is divided into 7 parts. 13-1 Ayah نعمم الله االظظاهھھھررةة.1 14-16 Ayah نعمة االخلقق 2. 25-17 Ayah نعمم الله في االافاقق.3 32-26 Ayah منن لططاي فف االنعمم.4 37-33 Ayah تحدد وو ااعجازز.5 37-45 Ayah عاقبة االمجررميینن 6. 46-78 Ayah نعيیمم االمتقيینن 7. We have covered Part 1, which includes Ayah 1-13, which mentions the general blessings of Allah. Now in today s class we will cover Part 2, which is from Ayah 15-17, where we are told about the blessing of creation and also Part 3, which is from Ayah 17-25 where we are told about the blessing of the Universe. 1
14-16) (Ayah م اق The Blessing of creation Surah Ar- Rahman (Ayah 13-20) Which kind of creation is mentioned here? Insaan (human being) and Jinn. Allah is addressing the two groups i.e. Insaan and Jinn. Why is Allah only talking about Insaan and Jinn although there is other creation of Allah? This is because Allah will call both these groups (Insaan and Jinn) t for the accounts and recompense on the Day of Judgment. All other creation Other than the Insaan and Jinn rest of the things will be turned to dust In the following Ayat we are told how Allah created the human beings and the Jinn and how he favored them. Ayah 14 created means خ ل ق نس ن means the first human i.e. Adam ٱٱلا Allah talks about the first creation, which is the first human being, created i.e. Adam AS. The االل here is to refer to the kind or the type i.e..االجنس Although the stage of creation is mentioned for Adam AS but it includes all mankind since every other human includes a part of the first creation. from means م ن means baked clay The baked clay mentioned here is from hard sand and also it is hollow ص ل ص ل therefore it has a sound too. The description here mentions one stage of the creation of Adam. 2
i. means like pottery ك ٱل ف خارر The كا here indicates similarity. Allah here mentions specifically about this stage although Adam went through different stages in his life. Now let us see the different stages of the creation of Adam AS تراابب 1. Sand - This is the ططيین 2. Water - When water was mixed with the sand it became حما مسنونن 3. When the mud is heated it became heated mud 4. After that it becomes baked clay like pottery صلصالل كالفخارر which is hollow and it has a sound. صلصالل كالفخارر (soul) in the االرووحح 6. In the final stage Allah blew the 3
At that time of the creation of Adam AS, Iblees was curious as to what is Allah s new creation. He went inside and out several time and found it was hollow. This was in the stage of صلصالل كالفخارر. At that stage Iblees was not worried since it was hollow but when the soul was blown in the hollow pottery Iblees got worried. The soul is indeed amazing as it made the pottery move. All our emotions, thoughts, movements are possible due to the soul. When the soul was blown in Adam AS, he woke up and he wanted to move but he could not move. And when the soul was blow completely in him Adam AS sneezed. Then it was said to him to say and what Adam AS first heard.اال ح م د # Therefore the first word uttered by Adam) was.اال ح م د # was يی ر ح م ك الله (May Allah have mercy on you) After the soul was blown in the pottery it became Adam AS. knowledge of everything. This is favor from Allah. Then Allah taught Adam AS the Therefore it is said that our body is from the different part of the earth but we don t know where the soul is from. This is why when a person dies the body will die and the soul after the questions of the grave goes to a place according to the deeds of the person. Similarly when we sleep our soul exits the body. Now the above describes the creation of Adam AS and now we shall see how are the rest of the human beings are created. The different stages of the creation of the human being in the womb of the mother are as follows: 1. Drop 2. Clot 3. Chewed Leeche 4. Bones and Flesh 4
Ayah 15 created means وو خ ل ق Iblees. means the first one the father of all the Jinns This is ٱٱل ج ا نن Jaan is from Janna which means hidden or concealed. from means م ن minged/mixed. which means مرجج This is from the verb مارر جج from means من fire means ن ارر This means the raised part of fire mixed with smoke for which the color is in between red and yellow. This is pure fire and it was used for the creation of the Jinn. 5
In the above Ayat the creation of Man and Jinn is mentioned. Iblees made the comparison between the creation of the human and the Jinn. When Allah commanded the Angels and the Jinn to prostrate to Adam then Ibless did not prostrate as he thought his creation (fire) is superior to a hollow baked clay. But this is according to Iblees s judgment. Allah created Adam and ordered the angels and Jinn to prostrate before Adam therefore it can be said the human is better then the Jinn. Shaikh Saadi said االتراابب خيیر من االنارر We find the تراابب to be better than the fire. There are a lot of benefits in تراابب and the نارر also has benefits but its harm is greater. Allah sent his Prophet and the message to both the Jinn and human being. Both the Jinn and the human being will be taken into account on the Day of Judgment. Prophet Mohammed SAW is the messenger for Human and Jinn. How will the Jinn learn? The Jinn are living with us and they are getting the message. Jinn are living eating getting married and having children but we cannot see them. Just as from the human those who believe and do good deeds will go to paradise and those who disbelieve and do bad deeds will go to hell. Similarly the Good Jinn will go to paradise and those who disbelieve will go to hell fire. 6
Ayah 16 So which of the favors of Allah would you deny? Allah gave us all these blessings and still people disbelieve. 17-25) (Ayah م اق The Blessing of universe Ayah 17 Allah is our lord who takes care of everything. In the universe Allah takes care of us with means and without means e.g. of taking care of us without means is the creation of the Sun and the moon as we know its from Allah. Things that are through means are the gifts that we receive or another example is that when a parent takes care of their children. It is infact Allah who puts it in the heart of the parent to take care of the child. This is how Allah takes care of us through means. The biggest test in life is through means as we always forget the source. The parents feel that they are the ones taking of their kids but infact it is Allah.. Roboobiah means Allah s actions. He is our sustainer, provider etc. Majority of Allah s care is through means. Everything is Allah s action e.g. if we are moving, talking it is Allah action. Everything in the universe should make us believe in Allah. In this Ayah Allah mentions two things over which no one has power that is Sunset and Sunrise. 7
creator. means lord Allah is our lord, reformer, رر بب rises. from where the sun مشرقق means sunrises (Dual).This is from ٱٱل م ش ر ق يی ن lord means وو رر بب sets. means sunsets (Dual).This is place where sun ٱٱل م غ ر ب يی ن Here in this Ayah it is said that Allah is the lord of the two sunrises and two sunsets. Here the sunrise and the sunset are mentioned in dual. In the Quran we can find so many Ayat describing sunrise spots and sunset spots. There is an Ayah that says Lord of one sunrise and one sunset. Another Ayah mentions Lord of sunrises and sunsets (in plural). Here in this Ayah the sunrise and sunset is mentioned in dual. This does not mean there is a contradiction in the Quran. So why at some places singular, dual and plural are mentioned?. شرووقق االشمس sunrises. First we will talk about Everyday if we observe, the place of sunrise is from a point from where the sun rises. The sunrise spot is different everyday. The sunrise has different positions each day the sun rises. 8
direction. means the place of the sunrise. It does not mean the مشرقق Every region and every place has different time for sunrise and sunset. In the winter the places of sunrise will be toward the south and in the summer time it will be towards the north. Sunrise is always in the east but it will move from south to north depending on whether it is summer or winter. In the summer there is one day, which is the earliest, and in the winter there is a day that is the shortest day. This is the ٱٱل م ش ر ق يی ن. In Dubai during winter the time for sunrise is 7 AM and during summer it will be as early as 5 AM. The two maximum times for sunrises is called the ٱٱل م ش ر ق يی ن (Dual) Similar is the case for sunset. Every day the sun will set in a different spot. The time is different as the is different. During the summer in Dubai the sunset will be around 7PM and during winter it is مغربب ٱٱل م غ ر ب يی ن be as early as 5:30 PM. Other days will be in between the two times. This is why is said (Dual) for the two maximum times for the sunsets. Since every country is different so the مشرقق and مغربب can be used in plural as well. Additionally there are many planets having sunrises and sunsets. The sunrise and sunset has many benefits for humans beings 1. As we have the sunrise and sunset so the earth is round and is a semisphere. The most beautiful time is the sunrise and the sunset as we see how the day and night merge 2. In other Ayah in the Quran it is said that the night comes to the day like rolling a ball. Meaning the night comes gradually and so does day transitions smoothly into night. Our bodies cannot take the shock of the day converting to night immediately ٱٱل م غ ر ب يی ن and.ٱٱل م ش ر ق يی ن 3. Other planets have sunrise and sunset but they don t have day and night The other planets have light on one side and on the other side there is no light. 9
Ayah 18 So which of the favors of Allah would you deny? Allah gave us all these blessings and still people disbelieve. 10
Ayah 19 and 20 mixed means م ر جج seas means two ٱٱل ب ح ر يی ن mix) means meeting each other (but it does not allow to يی ل ت ق يی انن In this Ayah we are told that Allah has made the two seas to be merged together. When we see from outside it looks like the seas are mixed together and they appear as one sea. But when we go inside we find that the two seas are different. Even the fishes in the two seas are different. Similarly the sweet water river is mixed with the salt water. When they tested they found the density of the two is different. It seems as though there is a barrier between them. This is Qudrat Allah. two means between the يی ن ہ م ا barrier means partition or ب ر زز خخ not means لا boundary which means to exceed the بغي this is from يی ب غ يی انن Here we are told that the sea no. 1 will not transgress and mix with sea no. 2. Although there is no physical visible barrier but the two seas will not transgress and exceed their boundaries. They are obedient slaves of Allah. Here is a message for the believer that he will abstain from sin if he knows his limits. The two seas are having a barrier and even the creatures in the sea 1 cannot go to the other, as they will die if they do this. Similar is the case for humans, as when they cross their boundaries the heart will die. 11
Who benefits if the seas do not mix? It is humans who benefit. 1. Due to the seas not mixing we get different types of food from the sea. Imagine if every sea transgressed then there will be just one sea and we will have only one type of food. Now we have a variety of creatures in the sea because Allah made the seas to not transgress. Imagine if we have a river and we have a sea and if they mix will we have sweet water? No. Now we have sweet water river for drinking and we have the sea salts. We benefits from the sea for the salt, minerals. The sea preserves our body from decay, as the salt is a kind of preservation. Scientists said if we did not have the seas then all the earth would have decayed. The seas are a preservative and prevent this decay. This is due to Allah s mercy. This is Rahmah from Allah. 2. Scholars also discovered springs of sweet water in the bottom of the sea /ocean but it does not mix. This is Qudrat Allah. 3. Every sea has a barrier that it cannot exceed. This is the coast, which is the limit of the seas. What prevents the sea from not coming to the land? It is Allah. 12