England 1066-1485 By: Bruce, Deon, Anthony, and Zach
Social Structure
Social and Economic Factors 12th and 13th centuries saw growth 1.5 to about 5 million people Primarily agricultural, later mining Serfs Great Famine Peasant Revolt
Cultural and Intellectual Factors Many new technologies: Vertical windmills, mechanical clocks, spectacles, improved water mill, and the 3 field system Culture such as music, dancing, and the creation/ celebration of holidays All Fool s Day
Maps of Growth
Norman Invasion (1066) The current ruler of England was King Harold II. England was invaded by Norman and Norwegian forces led by Duke William and King Harald Hardrada. The Norwegians were repelled at the Battle of Stamford Bridge, but the Normans scored a decisive victory at the battle of Hastings. Duke William was crowned King of England on Dec. 25 Aftermath: William the Conqueror earned his epithet. Anglo-Saxon Emigration Norman Migration Introduction of French words into English language William the Conqueror earned his epithet. Loss of close ties between Scandinavia and England. England and Normandy were inherited by William s youngest son, Henry, after a lengthy succession war.
BRAVEHEART The movie was like totally wrong Battle of Stirling Bridge Scottish outnumbered yet pulled off the W William Wallace was in France for a lot of this Earned Scottish independence
Crusades I & III First Crusade 1095 Pope Urban the II Men from all of Europe Third Crusade 1192 KIng Richard The Lionheart and Saladin
The Effects of the Crusades on England New Technologies Gunpowder New Wealth Trade Political Instability Prince John Robin Hood
100 Years War (1337-1369) Battle of Sluys: English perform a naval surprise attack on the French Navy; England controlled the channel for the rest of this phase. England takes the lightly defended Caen which frightens the French nobility. Battle of Crécy: England destroys the Army of France in a defensive battle. They are allowed to march unopposed to Calais. King John II is captured in the Battle of Poitiers, France falls into disarray. Aftermath: King Edward accepts more land in Aquitaine but gives up his claims to Normandy and the French throne. Peace for nine years
100 Years War (1369-1415) Battle of La Rochelle: A combined Spanish and French fleet defeated the English Navy which allowed them to gain naval dominance. Treaty of Bruges: The Pope attempts to broker a peace between England and France, but negotiations break down and fighting resumes in 1377. The Great Chevauchée: John of Gaunt spent three years planning a war-ride through France. The group was ambushed and lost most of their men and equipment. English losses caused discontentment amongst the population, leading to the Peasants Revolt. Aftermath: The King of England is deposed and Henry IV. Tensions continued to rise between English and French,
100 Years War (1415-1453) Battle of Agincourt: The French suffer a devastating defeat despite vastly outnumbering the English troops. 40% of the French nobility is killed. Treaty of Troyes: England was granted Normandy and the heirs of Henry would be Kings of France. The French nobility disregarded this after Henry V s death. Joan of Arc: Inspired the French garrison at Orleans. She was burned at the stake by the English after being captured. Battle of Castillon: A decisive French victory. English troops were lured into the French camp which was then targeted by French artillery. Aftermath: Army Professionalization England lost ⅕ of its population England loses continental possessions
War of the Roses Lancaster v York v Tudor, cagematch of the century, not really 1445-1487 Happened due to wounds caused by the 100 years war Leads to a new line of kings (tudors) Around 100,000 deaths Influenced Game of thrones
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